How to prevent pests and diseases in greenhouse tomato planting?

How to prevent pests and diseases in greenhouse tomato planting?

As a popular fruit and vegetable, tomato has been cultivated in large quantities around the world, among which solar greenhouses are the main cultivation method. However, due to the increase in planting area, the emergence of various pests and diseases is also more serious, such as tomato virus disease, tomato early blight, tomato wilt and so on began to spread gradually.

A once these diseases appear will have a greater impact on planting, often alternately in real production, the use of pesticides for prevention and control is difficult to achieve the desired effect, and long-term use will also cause pathogenic bacteria to appear resistance, produce new physiological species differentiation, make the future prevention and control more difficult, and then affect the economic benefits of tomato cultivation in solar greenhouse.

The types of physiological diseases have increased and the difficulty of identification has increased. The temperature and humidity in the shed can be adjusted in a limited range, once encountering bad weather conditions, it will cause high humidity, low temperature, poor ventilation in the shed, etc., thereby affecting the normal growth of tomatoes, affecting the absorption of nutrients by roots, causing plant growth disorders and showing a variety of physiological diseases, and aggravating the occurrence of biological diseases. For example, hypothermia, physiological premature aging, fertilizer damage, air injury and other conditions are mixed, which makes it difficult to diagnose and find out the exact **.

b. Ecological prevention and control. The temperature and humidity of different diseases are different, and the temperature and humidity should be controlled scientifically according to the specific conditions in different greenhouses, and the air humidity should be kept as low as possible to avoid the environmental conditions of high temperature and high humidity and low temperature and high humidity, and the temperature is generally controlled at 20-25 during the day and 13-15 at night. Reasonable ventilation, timely watering, improved light conditions, etc.

Chemical control. On the premise of being familiar with the types of diseases and understanding the properties of pesticides, we should prescribe the right medicine, use the drugs appropriately, pay attention to the application methods, select high-efficiency, low-toxicity and non-residue pesticides, and minimize the shortcomings of chemical control.

When controlling, you can carry out the rotation system of 3 or 4 crops, and the effect of rotation with garlic and onion is betterIt can be done by 0Soak seeds with 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, and then use water to germinate and sow seeds.

It is also possible to use 50% Fumei double wettable powder for seed dressing. If a small number of plants are diseased at the seedling stage, they need to be pulled out immediately and sprayed to prevent the spread of the disease.

After the seedling stage, in the early stage of disease development, you can use pesticides to irrigate the roots, you can choose 50% carbendazim wettable agent 600 times or 1000 times the solution of methyl tobuzine wettable powder, the dose of the drug used is about 100ml, spray 1 time for 7 10 days, and continue to spray 3 4 times.

Insecticides should be sprayed regularly and the intensity of fertilization should be controlled.

Agricultural prevention and control timely cleaning of the pastoral, reasonable rotation of stubble before the harvest of crops, timely, completely remove the plant residues in the field, dead branches and leaves, in order to reduce the source of disease, the production of non-solanaceae vegetables for more than 3 years of rotation, can effectively prevent the serious occurrence of pests and diseases and continuous damage to choose disease-resistant varieties, the cultivation of disease-free pests and seedlings in the production of local pests and diseases should be based on the occurrence of local pests and diseases, the selection of vegetable varieties suitable for local cultivation, with strong disease resistance, in the northern moat usually used in the tomato varieties are Baoguan No. 1, Dongsheng No. 1, Qinhuang Dingsheng, etc., these varieties have strong resistance to early blight, late blight, leaf mold, etc., and strengthen management at the seedling stage, cultivate strong seedlings without disease and insects, and significantly improve the disease resistance of plants.

Strengthen the daily management of greenhouse tomatoes, so that the disease resistance of greenhouse tomatoes is gradually improved. When watering, you should try to choose when the weather is fine, and never use large water for flood irrigation, and remember to do a good job of ventilating and draining moisture after watering. At the same time, it is also necessary to prune and remove some old leaves that grow in the lower part of the plant, which is very beneficial to ventilation and light.

Finally, on the premise of ensuring humidity, the air volume should be appropriately increased.

The height of the tomatoes grown in the glass greenhouse can grow to six meters high, so how is the medicine applied in the planting? Pay attention to the manager of Guangyuan greenhouse.

1. Use black light to trap and kill, or you can use sweet and sour trapping.

2. Capture early in the morning.

3. Pesticide control: 1. 75 grams of phosphine per mu, add 50 kg of water, and sow the land after spraying to kill tigers in small fields % dichlorvos 1000 times liquid to kill cotton bollworm % trichlorfon 25-50 grams plus an appropriate amount of water, spray on 5 kg of fresh vegetable leaves as poisonous bait to kill mole crickets % phoxtaphos 100 times liquid seed dressing and treatment of soil to prevent grubs.

Choose disease-resistant and tolerant varieties with good commerciality and high yield according to local conditions. The seeds are treated with high temperature to kill pathogenic bacteria attached to the surface. Disinfection methods are selected for the main diseases in the area.

After planting, it is necessary to properly apply some fertile leaf foliar fertilizer to quickly supplement nutrients for tomatoes and restore growth.

Installation of insect nets: The air vent of the shed is closed with an insect-proof net, with a hole diameter of 25 to 40 mesh and a width of 1 to 1 meter, covering the air outlet. Appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can improve the disease resistance of plants.

Drip irrigation and dark irrigation technology are used to prevent flooding. In the early stage of the disease, remove the residual petals and stigma in time, remove the diseased leaves and fruits, and pull out the diseased plants to prevent the spread of the disease.

The main fungal diseases of summer tomato are cataplexy, gray mold, early blight, late blight, leaf mold, wilt, spot blight, canker, stem base rot, coal stain disease, black spot, soft rot, anthracnose, ring disease, leaf spot, stem blight, root rot, brown spot, round spot and so on.

To prevent locust plagues, there is also in the catalysis of the air, which will crack when it is ripe, and should be picked in time.

Tomato early blight: tomato early blight is also called spot disease, the lesion is round or nearly round, black and brown, mainly harms tomato leaves, sometimes harms stems and fruits, high temperature and high humidity are easy to get sick, and the fungus is a fungal semi-known fungus. To timely ventilation and dampness to reduce the occurrence of early blight, the prevention and control of early blight can be treated with 75% chlorothalonil or 50% iprodione spray according to 600 times each according to 600 times to prevent or treat the effect is good, and the smoke shed can be smoked with chlorothalonil aerosol agent.

Tomatoes are a common vegetable and fruit that many people love to eat. It is also the most common vegetable in many regions. Nowadays, no matter what kind of planting, we pay attention to green safety monitoring, and tomato is no exception.

So, how can this requirement be met when growing tomatoes? Let's learn about the green control technology of tomato diseases and pests.

Field cultivation is important.

In early spring, open-field cultivation can be carried out by using plastic film + straw + small arch shed for chilling injury control. In order to prevent high temperatures and heat damage, the planting boundary can be covered with straw for cooling and moisturizing. In the dry season, flood irrigation should be avoided and drip irrigation should be used.

In the middle and late autumn, the top and interior of the greenhouse can be covered with double-layer plastic film to prevent cold damage and frost damage, and the square shouting rock type covering frame can be covered with plastic film + straw.

Integrated pest management.

1. Before planting.

Before planting, weeds should be completely removed, and seedlings should be treated intensively to reduce the occurrence of bacteria and insects and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied during land preparation to improve the disease resistance of plants, so as to ensure the nutrition of the growing period and enhance disease resistance. Advocate the skillful planting of tall furrow species to facilitate drainage, waterlogging prevention and moisture reduction.

In order to effectively control soil diseases and pests, 100 kg of quicklime is sprinkled into the soil per mu, and then the soil is turned.

2. Adult stage.

1) In order to prevent aphids from spreading viruses, anti-insect nets should be used in greenhouses; fumigation with sulfur powder before greenhouse planting;

2) In early spring, the shed should not be closed for too long to prevent the temperature and humidity in the shed from being too high and slow down the spread of various diseases;

3) In order to increase the temperature in the Zhengkuan Yugao greenhouse and reduce the humidity in the greenhouse, the management of ventilation and temperature changes should be strengthened;

4) On cloudy days, open the air outlet for ventilation; Watering should be done in the morning. Watering should be controlled at the beginning of the disease to prevent condensation;

5) After the onset of the disease, the diseased fruits, leaves and side branches should be removed in time, and burned or buried in a centralized manner to avoid human transmission;

6) Maintaining ventilation and light transmission in greenhouses and dry ground can improve disease resistance.

7) In order to avoid flood irrigation, disease-free fields should be selected for seedling raising, and grafting and high furrow cultivation should be adopted.

8) Yellow plates can be set up in the shed to trap and kill adults, and 30-35 pieces can be placed per mu, and the row spacing is the same as the plant height; This paper is used to trap and kill adults. At the peak of adult occurrence, 15 trapping points are set up per mu, and a piece of paper is placed at each point. The paper is changed every 3-4 days.

The above is the control of pests and diseases in tomato cultivation. As long as the tomato cultivation is carried out according to the above methods, it is believed that it is not only green and healthy, but also has high yield and quality. What else would you like to add about tomato farming?

When planting, we must choose the soil is more fertile and broad land, and when fertilizing, we must use farmhouse fertilizer, do not use fertilizer bought outside, but also to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, but also to water the plants frequently, if there are small insects, then we must spray insecticides in time. I think that if we can do these things well, we will be able to prevent insect infestations.

Be sure to spray pesticides in a timely manner, and at the same time should regularly prune branches and leaves, and then you should also master the planting technology, you must pay attention to the proportion of pesticides, and you must pay attention to the amount of pesticides.

You can spray some pesticides on the tomatoes, so that you can control pests very well, and you can also make the tomatoes grow bigger and red.

When planting tomatoes in greenhouses, soil disinfection methods: Sunlight disinfection Spread the soil thinly and expose it to the sun for 3 15 days, which can kill a large number of pathogen spores, hyphae and eggs, pests, and nematodes.

Tomato late blight, also known as tomato blight, is a common and serious disease on tomatoes. This disease is caused by fungi and mainly damages the leaves and fruits, but also the stems and petioles. It can be infected from the seedling stage to the adult stage.

When infected at the seedling stage, the lesions spread from the main stem of the leaves, the young stems shrivel and rot, and the branches and leaves above the diseased parts die. When the humidity is high, a white mold layer will form on the surface of the diseased area. Pattern of onset:

The disease likes high temperature and high humidity environment, with a suitable temperature of 18-25 and a relative humidity of more than 95%. The growth period of susceptible diseases is from the adult stage to the fruit-setting stage, and the incubation period of the disease is 3-5 days. In rainy years, the disease is serious, the low-lying, poorly drained fields are serious, the planting is too dense, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, and the improper management of fertilizer and water is serious.

Crop rotation with non-solanaceae crops for more than 3 years; Sick and disabled bodies, remove diseased leaves and bury diseased fruits in time during the onset season, and timely sick and disabled bodies after harvesting.

Strengthen field management, improve plant disease resistance, easy to water on sunny days, and prevent flooding. After irrigation of the protected land, it is necessary to release the wind in time, plant reasonably densely, prune and fork in time, remove the old leaves in the lower part of the plant, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, and increase the air release under the premise of ensuring humidity. Viral diseases are diseases caused by viruses, and the main symptoms in the field are:

Mosaic disease, fern leaf disease, streak disease, cluster disease, leaf curling disease, yellow top disease. This disease occurs severely in the growth of autumn-sown tomatoes. Some green spots appear on the back of the leaves in the early stages of the disease, and later they turn into gray or dark purple irregular mold layers.

The front of the leaf turns green and yellow in the corresponding position. In severe cases, the leaves tend to appear dry and curly. The general sequence of diseases spreads from the lower part of the plant upwards, and the fruit is infected, forming black round or irregular patches near the fruit stalks.

The disease prefers a high temperature and arid environment, with mild nights and high ground temperatures, less rainfall, and more aphids. Fertilizer and water are uneven, and the fields with partial nitrogen fertilizer application are more serious. The suitable ambient temperature is 20-35.

The relative humidity is below 80%, and the susceptible growth period is from the five-leaf stage to the middle and late stage of fruit set, and the incubation period of the disease is 10-15 days. In general, persistent high temperatures and dry weather are conducive to the occurrence and prevalence of diseases. Scientific management, cultivating strong seedlings, increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, promoting plant growth, and improving disease resistance.

Leaf mold prefers high temperature and high humidity environment, the optimal temperature is 20-25, and the relative humidity is above 95%. Over-dense planting, multi-year replanting, premature seedling, and flood irrigation will all lead to the occurrence of diseases. The incidence is higher in early spring when it is low temperature and rainy, even rainy or rainy, and higher in late autumn when it is high temperature and rainy.

Prophylactic agents can be selected: chlorothalonil, mancozeb, copper preparations, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and other alternate drugs for prophylaxis. The resistance of a single agent is relatively poor, and the compound use of the agent can be considered.

For the prevention and control of tomato diseases and pests, disease-resistant tomato varieties are generally selected, weeds in the tomato field are removed in time, temperature and humidity are scientifically controlled, and chemical agents are used rationally to prevent them.

I think that if we want to better treat the invasion of tomato diseases and insects, we must take various measures to strengthen the protection of tomatoes, take protective measures around it, and spray some potions appropriately to prevent pests from attacking.

Tomato early blight is a disease of tomato plants, and in severe cases, all the old leaves will die, and finally completely wilt. Prevention and control methods: reasonable dense planting, timely pruning disease to wipe buds and shoots, take plastic film cover to cultivate, reduce ground humidity, bacterial wilt mainly harms the stems, leaves and fruits of tomatoes, the leaves are withered and withered in the early stage of the disease, the color is dull into wilt, the stem appears water-stained spots The epidermis is rough, and the milky white mucus can also flow out when pressed by hand.

Aphids can be found in many vegetable plantings, which mainly feed on the sap in the plant stems, which is very harmful to vegetables, it mainly harms plants in the flowering to swelling stage, so killing aphids plays a very key role in vegetable planting and harvest.

<> leaf mildew, mainly damage the leaves, the back of the infected leaves is gray-white, the middle part of the gray-yellow brown velvety mold, when the disease is serious, the leaves are curled from the bottom to the top, until the final death, leaf mold not only infects the leaves, but also infects tomato stems, flowers and fruits. During the disease season, remove the leaves and fruits that are already diseased. Avoid overwatering and prune promptly.

At the beginning of the disease, it can be diluted 800 to 1000 times with 72% downy mildew net wettable powder.

Cultivation control: strengthen field management, improve plant disease resistance, watering is easy to carry out on sunny days, and prevent flood irrigation. After irrigation for cultivation in the protected area, it should be ventilated and drained in a timely manner, planted reasonably densely, pruned and forked in time, and removed the old leaves in the lower part of the plant.

Seed treatment: soak seeds in 52 warm water for 30 minutes before sowing, or mix seeds with 70% sodium disulfonate soluble powder by seed weight before sowing. Adopt new soil seedling cultivation or bed soil disinfection:

When disinfecting the bed soil, 80% carbendazim per cubic meter of bed surface is used.

After the harvest of the previous crops, deep ploughing and drying should be carried out in time, or the method of frozen soil can be used, which can reduce the source of insects and diseases. The soil is treated before the tomato is planted to disinfect the soil. Install insect nets:

The vent of the shed is closed with an insect-proof net, with an aperture of 25 40 mesh and a width of 1 meter, covering the vent.