Precautions for tempering, what is the purpose of tempering?

Answer: Tempering precautions: tempering must be timely, and the parts should be tempered within 4h after quenching. Commonly used tempering methods include self-tempering, furnace tempering and induction tempering.

Tempering is to reheat the workpiece to a certain temperature below AC1, keep it warm for a period of time, and then take it out to cool it down in a certain way.

Tempering is divided into low temperature tempering, medium temperature tempering, and high temperature tempering;

Low temperature tempering (150 150) yields tempered martensite.

structure, while preserving high hardness, reduces the quenching stress and brittleness of steel;

Tempering at medium temperature (350 500) yields a tempered tostenite structure with a hardness of HRC40 50. This kind of tissue has a high elastic limit and yield limit, has good toughness, and is mainly used for elastic elements, etc.;

High temperature tempering (500 650 ) High temperature tempering yields ferrite.

Fine-grained cementite.

The mixture is the tempered sostenite structure. It has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, and is mostly used for tempering after quenching of structural parts. Quenching + high-temperature tempering is called quenching and tempering.

The structure of the quenched steel is martensite and residual austenite, which is in a metastable state, and tempering is the treatment to make it tend to a stable state. With the increase of tempering temperature, the hardness and strength decrease, while the plasticity and toughness increase.

A: In production, it is often based on the requirements for the performance of the workpiece. According to the different heating temperatures, tempering is divided into low-temperature tempering, medium-temperature tempering, and high-temperature tempering.

The heat treatment process of quenching and subsequent high-temperature tempering is called quenching and tempering, that is, it has a high degree of strength and good plastic toughness.

1) Low temperature tempering: 150-250, m back, reduce internal stress and brittleness, improve plastic toughness, and have high hardness and wear resistance. It is used to make gages, knives and rolling bearings, etc.

2) Medium temperature tempering: 350-500, t back, with high elasticity, certain plasticity and hardness. It is used to make springs, forging dies, etc.

3) High temperature tempering: 500-650, s back, with good comprehensive mechanical properties. It is used to make gears, crankshafts, etc.

The purpose of tempering:

1) Reduce or eliminate the internal stress generated during the quenching of the workpiece, and prevent the deformation and cracking of the workpiece.

2) Improve the toughness of the steel through tempering, and adjust the strength and hardness of the steel appropriately to meet the performance requirements of different workpieces.

3) Stabilize the organization, so that the workpiece does not change in the process of use, so as to ensure that the shape and size of the workpiece remain unchanged, and ensure the accuracy of the workpiece.

Common tempering methods:

According to the different tempering temperatures, it can be divided into low temperature tempering (150 250), medium temperature tempering (250 450) and high temperature tempering (450

The heat treatment process of high-temperature tempering of the quenched steel is called quenching and tempering treatment, which can make the steel obtain comprehensive mechanical properties with good strength, toughness and plasticity.

Reduce or eliminate the internal stress of panicle deficiency generated during quenching; Prevent deformation or cracking of the workpiece; reduce the brittleness of steel; Stabilize the tissue to stabilize shape and size; Get the tissue you need to shoot and perform the clan brothers.

The purpose of tempering is to reduce or eliminate the internal stresses in the hardened steel, or to reduce its hardness and strength to improve its ductility or toughness.

Many friends in the heat treatment industry know the four fires in the heat treatment process: annealing, normalizing, quenching, and tempering. In the heat treatment process, the tempering process is an operation step that is followed after quenching, and it is generally the final process procedure for heat treatment of the workpiece.

The main purpose of tempering is to reduce or eliminate the internal stresses in the hardened steel, or to reduce its hardness and strength to improve its ductility or toughness.

Tempering is a metal heat treatment process in which the quenched workpiece is reheated to an appropriate temperature lower than the lower critical temperature, and then cooled in air or water, oil and other media after holding it for a period of time.

Or the quenched alloy workpiece is heated to the appropriate temperature, kept warm for a certain period of time, and then cooled slowly or quickly. It is generally used to reduce or eliminate the internal stress in the hardened steel, or reduce its hardness and strength to improve its ductility or toughness.

Low temperature tempering. The workpiece is tempered at 150 250.

The purpose is to maintain the high hardness and wear resistance of the quenched workpiece, and reduce the residual stress and brittleness of quenching.

Tempered martensite is obtained after tempering, which refers to the structure obtained when quenched martensite is tempered at low temperature. Mechanical properties: 58 64HRC, high hardness and wear resistance.

Applications: cutting tools, measuring tools, molds, rolling bearings, carburizing and surface quenching parts, etc.

Tempering at medium temperature. Tempering of the workpiece between 350 500.

The aim is to obtain a higher elasticity and yield point with proper toughness. After tempering, tempered tropite is obtained, which refers to the complex structure of extremely fine spherical carbide (or cementite) distributed in the ferrite matrix formed during martensite tempering.

Mechanical properties: 35 50HRC, high elastic limit, yield point family and certain toughness.

Applications: springs, forging dies, impact tools, etc.

Tempering is a process of metal heat treatment in which the quenched workpiece is reheated to an appropriate temperature lower than the lower critical temperature ac1, and then cooled in air or water, oil and other media after holding it for a period of time. It is generally used to reduce or eliminate the internal stress in the hardened steel, or to reduce its hardness and strength to improve its ductility or toughness. Tempering is generally carried out immediately after quenching, the purpose of which is to eliminate the residual stress generated during the quenching of the workpiece and prevent deformation and cracking; Adjust the hardness, strength, plasticity and toughness of the workpiece to meet the performance requirements; Stabilize the structure and size, ensure accuracy, etc.

Low temperature tempering: 1. The workpiece is tempered at 150 250.

2. The purpose is to maintain the high hardness and wear resistance of the quenched workpiece, reduce the residual stress and brittleness of quenching, and obtain tempered martensite after tempering, which refers to the structure obtained when quenched martensite is tempered at low temperature.

3. Scope of application: Mainly used in all kinds of high-carbon steel tools, cutting tools, measuring tools, molds, rolling bearings, carburizing and surface quenching parts, etc.

Low temperature tempering temperature (150-250), medium temperature tempering temperature (350-500), high temperature tempering temperature (500-650).

Engine backfire is mainly caused by the combustion of fuel in the exhaust duct without sufficient combustion in the cylinder. The reasons for this failure are:

1. The mixture is too thin

Failure of the oil circuit or air intake system: The failure of the oil circuit is mainly caused by too little fuel injection in the injector.

The main reasons for too little fuel injection in the injector are: the oil pressure is too low and the injector is blocked.

The failure of the air intake system is mainly due to excessive air intake.

The main causes of excessive air intake are: the failure of the sensor that controls the air intake, and the leakage of the intake manifold.

2. There is a problem with the ignition system

The main reason is that the ignition energy is insufficient (the resistance of the high-voltage line is too large; Damage to the ignition coil; The power supply voltage is insufficient) or the spark plug is faulty.

3. The ignition advance angle is too large

The main reasons are: CKP (crankshaft sensor) clearance is not suitable; CKP loosening; The temperature sensor is damaged; engine load; The ECU is damaged.

4. The ignition advance angle deviates too much from the correct position.

Fault phenomenon: If there is both backfire and cannon sound, and it is very serious, it is mostly caused by the wrong insertion of the high-voltage line of the sub-cylinder. If the phenomenon is not serious, but occurs intermittently, and seems to be regular, it is mostly caused by cracks in the distributor cover, which causes the fire between the cylinders.

Tempering is a heat treatment process that heats the quenched metal or parts to a certain temperature, keeps warm for a certain period of time, and cools in a certain way.

The main purposes of quenching and tempering are:

1) Reduce internal stress and brittleness, quenched parts have great stress and brittleness, if not tempered in time, it will often produce deformation and even cracking.

2) Adjust the mechanical properties of the workpiece, after the workpiece is quenched, the hardness is high and the brittleness is large, in order to meet the different performance requirements of various workpieces, it can be adjusted by tempering, hardness, strength, plasticity and toughness.

3) Stabilize the size of the workpiece. The metallographic structure can be stabilized by tempering to ensure that it will not be deformed in the future use process.

4) Improve the cutting performance of some alloy steels.

1. The stove is burned and tempered.

The so-called tempering is a phenomenon in which the flame is retracted back to the head of the burner through the fire hole and burned at the fire nozzle of the mixing tube when the gas is burned. When the flame burns, there is a lot of noise, the flame becomes shorter, and the inner and outer cone is not clear. Tempering disrupts normal combustion, the heat is not utilized, but can destroy the stove and even cause accidents.

In the event of backfire, the stove valve should be closed immediately, the cause should be found out, and the treatment should be carried out.

1. The burner or nozzle is clogged with dirt and causes backfire, which needs to be cleaned up.

2. There is air in the new hose.

3. The air volume is too large.

4. If the pressure in front of the stove is too low, it is also easy to produce backfire.

5. When the stove is ignited, the burner itself will also produce backfire if the body temperature is too high.

6. The nozzle and the mixing pipe are not on the same axis and are tempered, which needs to be adjusted.

2. Gas lamp tempering.

If the air valve is adjusted too large when the gas lamp is in use, it will cause the phenomenon of backfire: the flame retracts into the pipe and burns, so that the temperature of the lamp continues to rise, and the whistling sound is very easy to cause scalding accidents. Therefore, when you see the flame turning green, or hear an abnormal whistle, you should immediately turn off the gas lamp and wait for the lamp to cool down before re-igniting.

Tempering is caused by the supply pressure being lower than the external pressure.

Answer: Hello, tempering is a metal heat treatment process in which the quenched workpiece is reheated to an appropriate temperature below the lower critical temperature, and then cooled in air or water, oil and other media after holding it for a period of time.

Reduce or eliminate internal stresses in hardened steels, or reduce their hardness and strength to improve their ductility or toughness.

These are all benefits.

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Ask questions about whether it is better to have a high-frequency fire or a salt furnace.

Question: How many degrees of thick steel are the temperature of the fire, and the flexibility is good.

Do you know [hee-hee].

Tempering is an operation in which the quenched steel is reheated to a certain temperature below the A1 point, and after holding for a certain period of time, it is cooled to room temperature.

Usually, the heat treatment process of quenching + high temperature tempering to obtain tempered sostenite structure is called quenching and tempering treatment.

The purpose of quenching and tempering is to obtain comprehensive mechanical properties with good matching strength, hardness, plasticity and toughness. Quenching and tempering treatment is widely used in automobiles, tractors, machine tools, airplanes, trains and other important structural parts, such as connecting rods, bolts, gears, shafts, pins, etc. The hardness of steel after quenching and tempering is generally 200 350HB.

Compared with normalizing, the strength, plasticity and toughness are significantly higher than those in normalizing at the same hardness. Therefore, important structural parts are generally quenched and tempered. Quenching and tempering is also often used as a preparatory heat treatment for case-hardened parts.

The reason why the quenching and tempering treatment can obtain more satisfactory comprehensive mechanical properties is related to the internal structure after quenching and tempering treatment. The cementite in tempered sostenite is granular, while the sostenite (post-normalization structure) obtained directly from the austenite is in the form of flakes. Because of this, under the premise of the same hardness, tempered sostenite has high comprehensive mechanical properties.