What are the differences between the ancient vernacular and the written language?

Classical Chinese is a processed written language based on ancient Chinese. It may have been processed in the earliest written language based on spoken language.

Classical Chinese is a written language composed of ancient Chinese texts, mainly including written languages formed on the basis of the spoken language of the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the items used to record the text have not been invented, and the recorded text is made of bamboo slips, silk and other things, and the silk ** is expensive, the bamboo slips are bulky and the number of words recorded is limited, in order to be able to write down more things on the "one roll" bamboo slips, the unimportant words will be deleted. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the ruling class's habit of using "official documents" had been formalized, and the use of "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.

Classical Chinese is relatively vernacular, and its characteristics are based on words, focusing on allusions, battles, and neat rhythms, including strategies, poems, words, songs, eight strands, and ancient Chinese and other literary styles. In order to make it easier to read and understand, classical Chinese in modern books is generally marked with punctuation marks.

When people use the term "ancient Chinese", it is given three different meanings in different contexts: ancient Chinese, ancient Chinese, and classical Chinese. Ancient Chinese first refers to "ancient Chinese".

That is to say, the language spoken by the Han people before the Opium War can be broadly referred to as ancient Chinese. We can't hear the spoken language of the ancients, the oracle bone inscription, counting from the oracle bone inscription, such ancient Chinese has a history of about 3,000 years. Like everything evolves, language evolves.

Over the past 3,000 years, the Chinese language has changed a lot. According to the changes in Chinese grammar, vocabulary and phonetics, scholars divide ancient Chinese into three periods of development: the ancient period, the middle period, and the modern period.

The Antiquity period refers to the period before the 3rd century, that is, the historical Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han dynasties;The Middle Ages refers to the 4th century to the 12th century, that is, the Six Dynasties, the Tang and Song dynasties in historyThe modern period refers to the 13th century to the 19th century, that is, the historical Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

1. The definitions are different.

Ancient Chinese: Ancient Chinese is divided into written and spoken languages, and due to the oral language of the ancient people, it is now impossible to hear, and what we often say about ancient Chinese only refers to the written language.

Ancient vernacular: Ancient vernacular is a relatively close spoken language that has changed with the actual development of language in different eras since the Han and Wei dynasties. For example, the Tang Dynasty's variations, Dunhuang popular literary works, Song people's scripts, Jin Yuan opera, Ming and Qing dynasties, etc. are all representatives of ancient vernacular.

2. The characteristics are different.

Ancient Chinese: Concise and concise. There are few words, but the meaning of the expression is clear, accurate, not verbose, not repeated. Monosyllabic words are dominant, developing towards two-syllable words, and the phenomenon of multiple meanings of the word is extremely common.

Ancient vernacular: more refined than the vernacular.

3. The origin is different.

Ancient Chinese: The written form of ancient Chinese has a history of more than 3,000 years, from the time it was recorded in writing to the May Fourth Movement. Generally speaking, ancient Chinese can be divided into four periods: ancient times, ancient times, middle ages, and early antiquity.

Ancient refers to the Yin and Shang periods, ancient refers to the Zhou, Qin and Han dynasties, Middle Ages refers to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang and Song dynasties, and modern antiquity refers to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

Ancient vernacular: Ancient vernacular is a written language formed on the basis of northern dialect after the Tang and Song dynasties. For example, the Tang Dynasty's variations, Dunhuang popular literary works, Song people's scripts, Jin Yuan opera, Ming and Qing dynasties, etc. are all representatives of ancient vernacular.

Although the ancient vernacular is a vernacular language, it is different from the vernacular language we call today, which is generally based on the spoken language and mixed with some literary elements. Even colloquial language, due to regional and epochal differences, is not so easy to read today, therefore, we call it "ancient vernacular".

Ancient Chinese, also known as classical Chinese. Classical Chinese is a written language in China, which mainly consists of a written language based on the spoken language of the pre-Qin period. It is commonly known as "the one who is also".

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the items used to record the text have not been invented, and the words used to record the text are bamboo slips, silk and other things, and the silk ** is expensive, the bamboo slips are bulky and the number of words recorded is limited, in order to be able to write down more things on the "one roll" bamboo slips, it is necessary to delete the unimportant words. It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the world's earliest "compressed" format for written records. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the ruling class's habit of using "official documents" had been formalized, and the use of "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.

The vernacular is relative to classical Chinese, that is, articles written in the vernacular, also known as linguistic texts. The official style of writing in ancient times was classical Chinese. In ancient times, before the Eastern Han Dynasty, the use of bamboo slips and silk silk as document carriers inevitably required concise writing.

Vernacular. The invention of papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty, along with the improvement of the process, coupled with the invention of movable type printing in the Song Dynasty, laid the material foundation for the emergence of the vernacular style.

I feel that the structure of the above Chinese is compact and obscure compared with modern languages, but the capacity of words is high, and one word often contains a lot of content, and the vernacular language is relatively easy to understand and the content is plain.

Do you mean classical Chinese when you say classical Chinese? Classical Chinese is a style used by the ancients to write, and at that time, paper printing was not invented, and the text was written on bamboo slips. The area on it is small, so it should be written in a concise style, so the ancients invented classical Chinese to unify the style of writing articles.

In life, the ancients did not speak classical Chinese, but vernacular Chinese was the style that the ancients often said in their lives. Later, after the invention of papermaking and printing, because the number of words was no longer so strict, people directly recorded vernacular characters in books.

Ancient Chinese should cover two major parts, namely classical Chinese and ancient vernacular. The literary language and the ancient vernacular are inextricably linked, and they are both common and different. Because they are interconnected, not knowing the classical Chinese will inevitably affect the depth of learning the ancient vernacular; Because there is a difference, the learning of the two cannot be substituted for each other.

Wenyan and the ancient vernacular have a relationship of inheritance, and of course there are elements of the ancient vernacular, but the classical Chinese and the ancient vernacular are different stages and branches of the ancient Chinese, and learning the classical Chinese does not mean that you can naturally understand the ancient vernacular. In addition, there are two major systems of classical Chinese and vernacular, and whether there is a complete system of knowledge of ancient Chinese directly affects the ability to read ancient books, and also affects the depth and accuracy of understanding and interpreting modern Chinese. What's more, in addition to being helpful for modern Chinese learning, the ancient vernacular also has its independent social cognitive value.

We cannot ignore the grim reality that the students majoring in Chinese language and literature in universities often have a one-sided perceptual understanding of ancient Chinese, do not have a broad field of vision, attach importance to the ancient and ignore the Middle Ages, lack the desire for knowledge about the Middle Chinese and the ancient vernacular, and know very little about it. According to the survey, when they are engaged in work related to Middle Chinese after graduation, they often feel that the theory they have learned is out of touch with practice, and their ability to apply ancient Chinese knowledge is weak, indicating that the knowledge theory of classical Chinese based on the pre-Qin language has problems that cannot be solved in the ancient vernacular.

The Middle Ages and the Modern Era were the periods when the vernacular system matured from its infancy. In the Middle Ages, the face of the Chinese language underwent great changes, and the separation of the literary language from the vernacular, and the large production of colloquial vocabulary, were the main signs of the language in this period. Tatsuo Ota believes that "the Middle Ages was a period of qualitative change in ancient Chinese", and the spoken language of this period was very different from that before the Qin and Han dynasties, but due to the conservative nature of the written language, the spoken language component could only show a scale and a half claw here and there, and it was not until the late Tang Dynasty that another written language had the upper hand in addition to the traditional language.

On the other hand, the documents of the Han and Wei dynasties not only have a colloquial component of "one scale and half a claw", but also have "the appearance of words in which the colloquial component prevails", such as Ren Fang's "Playing and Playing Liu Quan", the folk songs of Yuefu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties of the Jin Dynasty, Jia Sixian's "Qi Min's Technique", the vivid and slang dialogue descriptions in some historical books and biographies, and the very popular and simple short stories in the translation of Buddhist scriptures, all of which show that Middle Chinese has undergone essential changes compared with ancient classical Chinese, and it is known for its colloquial language It should be separated as part of the teaching content of ancient Chinese, which is of great benefit to the in-depth study of ancient Chinese.

Ancient Chinese includes ancient vernacular Chinese, and vernacular Chinese is only one type of ancient Chinese.

We delve into the differences so that we can study and research further!

I don't know ......Hehehe

Although the ancient spoken language is not the same as the one, but it is also difficult for modern people to understand, for example, you look at Shi Nai'an's Water Margin, the dialogues in it are all spoken in the Ming Dynasty, Li Kui will also say What does this matter have to do with you, it is estimated that modern people do not speak like this.

The written language is literary language, and the spoken language is ancient vernacular (such as Water Margin, Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc.). The vernacular began after the May Fourth Movement, and it was colloquial and had the flavor of the old vernacular, and many of the words now sound wrong.

Hello, what is the linguistic difference between classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese: classical Chinese is the spoken language of ancient gentleness, and then the sensitivity gradually detached from everyday communication and became a written language. Vernacular writing is a form of written language that originated from popular literature in the Tang Dynasty and was not gradually popularized until after the May Fourth New Culture Movement.

They differ mainly in three aspects: meaning, characteristics, and formation and development. 1. Different concepts1. Classical Chinese is a written form based on the elegant spoken language of ancient Chinese, and in ancient times, the difference between classical Chinese and ordinary spoken language was minimal.

Modern classical Chinese is a written language composed of ancient Chinese texts, mainly including written language based on the spoken language of the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the items used to record writing had not yet been invented, and the writing was written with bamboo slips, silk and other things. With the changes of history and the evolution of spoken language, the difference between classical Chinese and spoken language has gradually expanded, and "classical Chinese" has become the exclusive use of readers.

2. Vernacular Chinese refers to a kind of "written Chinese". It was formed on the basis of spoken language since the Tang and Song dynasties, and was initially only used for popular literary works, such as the variations of the Tang Dynasty, the texts of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, **, etc., as well as some academic works and official documents after the Song and Yuan dynasties. It was not until after the May Fourth New Culture Movement that it was widely applied in the whole society.

2. Different characteristics 1. The characteristics of classical Chinese are: separation of words and texts, concise writing. The characteristics of the literary language are relative to the vernacular (both spoken and written), mainly in terms of grammar and vocabulary.

2. Vernacular writing, simple and popular, in language, vivid, pungent, rough, strong life atmosphere, expressive. Looking at the "May Fourth" vernacular literary movement, it extensively absorbed Western lexical resources and grammatical structures, and in many aspects such as language, writing, and thought. This movement is not just a "self-contained change within the language", it is closely linked to the whole ideological reform and the movement to modernize the country.

The contest between "vernacular" and "literary" is also a collision between two different value systems and social ideologies to a large extent.