Conditions for the reaction of salts with metals examples of reaction types

Answer: The type of salt and metal reaction is both displacement reactions.

Reaction conditions: 1. It must conform to the order table of metal activity.

2. The higher the metal position in the order of metal activity, the stronger its activity.

3. The metal in front of hydrogen can replace the hydrogen in hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid.

4. In the order of metal mobility, the metals in front can displace the metals in the back from the solution of their compounds (except for K ca Na).

5. Note that the salt must be soluble.

Reaction example: Fe + CuSO4 == FeSO4 + Cuzn+CuSO4=ZnSO4+Cu

zn + h2so4 == znso4 + h2↑mg+ 2hcl === mgcl2 + h2↑cu + hg(no3)2 === cu(no3)2 + hg

1.Replacement, the one in front of the row displaces the one in the back.

2.Reaction of iron with ferric, redox, compounding.

3.Reaction of ferric iron with copper, redox.

Junior high school: zn+cuso4=znso4+cu

fe+ag2so4=feso4+2ag

2al+3cuso4=al2(so4)3+3cu

mg+ag2so4=mgso4+2ag

The solution to such problems is to investigate the order of metal activity in essence.

1. First of all, we must be familiar with the order table of metal activity: the order of various metals.

2. Secondly, the order of metal activity will be used.

Metal Activity Order Table.

k ca na mg al zn fe sn pb (h) cu hg ag pt au

The activity of metals decreases sequentially

Description: The more the metal in front, the stronger the metal activity, the easier it is to have chemical reactions with other substances;

Metals located before h can undergo a displacement reaction with acids to generate hydrogen;

Zinc metal can react with dilute sulfuric acid, whereas copper metal cannot react with dilute sulfuric acid.

The metal located in the front can be removed from its salt solution by removing the metal from the back (Note; This salt must be dissolved in water) (except for KCA Na).

For example, iron can replace copper Fe + CuSo4 = Cu + FeSo4 in copper salts; (Principle of Wet Copper Smelting).

Copper can replace silver Cu + 2agno3 = 2ag + Cu(No3)2 in silver salts;

Application: This table can judge the activity of the metal; Determine whether the metal can be replaced by the acid.

Determine whether the metal and the salt solution can undergo a displacement reaction;

Note: The above knowledge: junior high school students should master.

1. The metal is in the order of metal activity before the metal element of the metal salt in the solution.

2. Reactive metal replaces inactive metal.

3. The salt solution must be soluble in water.

For example, Fe+CuSO=FeSO+Cu, Cu+2AGno = Cu(NO)2AG2AG, while Cu+AGCl= does not react because AGCl is insoluble in water, Fe+ZNCL = does not react, because Zn is more active than Fe (FE is ranked after Zn in the metal activity order table).

If the metal is K, Ca, Na is very active metal reaction with salt solution, the reaction with water should be considered first, and then the alkali generated by the reaction reacts with salt, such as Na and CuSO4 solution reaction: 2Na + H O = 2NaOh + H, 2NaOh + Cuso = Na so + Cu (OH).

The reaction of a metal and a salt solution results in the formation of another metal and another salt, and a displacement reaction occurs.

The chemical equation for the reaction of salts with metals.

For: Elemental metal + salt (solution) = = another metal + another salt (displacement reaction).

1. Iron and copper sulfate reaction: Fe+Cuso ==Cu+Feso

Phenomenon: Iron can react with copper sulfate to form ferrous sulfate.

and copper, the copper sulfate solution is blue, the ferrous sulfate solution is light green, the generated copper covers the surface of the iron, and the solution gradually changes from blue to light green.

2. Put the aluminum sheet into the copper sulfate solution: 2AL+3CUSO4 AL2(SO4)3+3CU

Phenomenon: Aluminum can react with copper sulfate to form aluminum sulfate.

and copper, the color of the aluminum sulfate solution is colorless, and the copper is covered on the surface of the aluminum, and the solution gradually changes from blue to colorless.

3. Put the copper sheet into silver nitrate solution: 2AGno +Cu==Cu(NO) 2AG

Phenomenon: The early solution of the silver nitrate hole is colorless, the copper nitrate solution is blue, and the silvery-white substance produced covers the surface of the copper. The solution gradually changes from colorless to blue.

1. Reaction between salt and metal: salt reacts with some metals, and can generally produce another salt and another metal.

2. Reaction between salt and acid: salt reacts with acid, and generally generates another salt and another acid.

3. Reaction between salt and alkali: salt reacts with alkali to generally generate another salt and another alkali.

4. Reaction of salt and salt: the reaction of two salts generally produces two other salts.

The reaction between a metal and a salt solution results in the formation of another metal and another salt, and this reaction is called a displacement reaction.

The displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which an element reacts with a compound to form another element and a compound, and is one of the four basic reaction types in chemistry, including the reaction between metal and metal salt, the reaction between metal and acid, etc. It is a reaction of one element with one compound to produce another element with another compound. The redox reaction is not necessarily a displacement reaction, and the displacement reaction must be a redox reaction.

The displacement reaction can be expressed as a+bc=b+ac

Or. ab+c=ac+b, it is generally considered that the displacement reactions are redox reactions, but some special reactions, such as the displacement between metal carbonyl compounds, are not redox reactions.

Extended information: There is a clear boundary and difference between the displacement reaction and the other three basic reaction types: from the perspective of the type of reactants, the reactants of the displacement reaction must be two, and one must be a elemental substance and the other must be a compound.

Depending on the category of the reaction environment, there are two cases of displacement reactions:

1. Solid-state displacement: The displacement reaction between solids and solids or solids and gases under heating or high temperature conditions.

2. Liquid displacement in aqueous solution.

Special attention: can not use concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other strong oxidizing acids, when they react, the metal is first oxidized to the corresponding oxide, the oxide is dissolved in the acid, and then continue oxidation, dissolution, the reaction can continue. The metal needs to be in the activity sequence before hydrogen (h).

Displacement of metal with acid: The reaction between metal atoms and hydrogen ions (H+) in an acid solution.

If it can be reacted, it is generally a displacement reaction, and there are special ones, such as the reaction of ferric chloride with iron and copper, which is not a displacement reaction, but it is definitely a redox reaction.

Generally speaking, it is a table of metal activity sequences, and the first metal can replace the following metal from its soluble salt.

Since K, Ca, and Na are highly metallic and react directly with water, they cannot be replaced with the metals behind them.

1. The salt and the metal are replaced to form another metal and another salt.

2. Salt and acid should be reversed to form another salt and another acid.

3. Salt reacts with alkali to form another salt and another alkali.

4. Salt reacts with salt to form two other kinds of salt, salt is divided into single salt and combined salt, single salt is divided into normal salt, acid salt and basic salt, and combined salt is divided into double salt and complex salt.

Metal and salt reactions include: ion reaction, displacement reaction, and redox reaction.

1. Ionic reaction: When the metal meets the salt solution, the ions in the metal can exchange with the ions in the salt solution to generate new compounds. For example, the reaction of silver and silver chloride can be written: 2ag + 2cl- 2agcl.

2. Displacement reaction: some metals can replace the more active metal ions from the salt solution to form new compounds. This reaction is also known as elemental reducibility.

For example, iron can displace copper ions, producing iron ions and copper metal: Fe + Cu2 + Fe2+ + Cu.

3. Redox reaction: In the reaction of metals and salts, metals can be oxidized or reduced. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons by a metal, and reduction refers to the acquisition of electrons by a metal.

This reaction is also known as a redox reaction. For example, when zinc and hydrochloric acid react, zinc is oxidized to zinc ions, while hydrogen ions in hydrochloric acid are reduced to hydrogen: Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2.

Precautions for performing metal and salt reactions

1. Safety measures: Some metals react with salts and may produce gas, heat or other harmful substances. When conducting experiments or operations, please wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as lab coats, gloves, goggles, etc., to ensure your own safety.

2. Reaction vessel: choose a suitable reaction vessel. Some metal and salt reactions produce gases or release heat, so it is necessary to use a corrosion-resistant vessel and ensure that the vessel is strong enough to withstand the pressure changes caused by the reaction.

3. Stir thoroughly: ensure that the reactants are fully mixed. By means such as stirring or stirring rods, the metal and salt are completely in contact to speed up the reaction rate.

4. Control the reaction conditions: the rate and result of the reaction between metals and salts may be affected by the reaction conditions, such as temperature, concentration, acidity and alkalinity. According to the experimental requirements, select the appropriate reaction conditions to implement the reaction.

5. Treatment products: After the end of the reaction, the resulting products need to be properly treated. Some reactions can produce toxic or hazardous substances that should be properly disposed of in accordance with relevant regulations to avoid environmental or health impacts.

When you say non-metallic, do you mean non-metallic elemental substances? If yes, please let me know in the question supplement and I can now.

Metals and non-metals.

Synthesis reaction 3Fe+202=Fe3O4 (Condition is ignition) Decomposition reaction None (Decomposition reaction refers to the reaction of one substance to form multiple substances, so the reaction of two substances cannot be a decomposition reaction. The same hereinafter).

Metathesis reaction.

None (no metathesis reaction between metals and non-metals).

Displacement reaction Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2 (H2 has an upward gas sign) non-metal and non-metal.

Chemical reaction 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O (condition is ignition) Decomposition reaction None.

Metathesis reaction.

There is no displacement reaction.

No acids or salts.

Chemical reaction None.

Decomposition reaction None.

Metathesis reaction.

HCl+AGNO3=AGCL+HNO3 (AGCL has a downward precipitation sign) displacement reaction None.

Acids and non-metals.

Chemical reaction None.

Decomposition reaction None.

Metathesis reaction.

There is no displacement reaction.

Free of acids and bases.

Chemical reaction None.

Decomposition reaction None.

Metathesis reaction.

hcl+naoh=nacl+h2o

Displacement reaction: None.

Alkalis and non-metals.

Chemical reaction None.

Decomposition reaction None.

Metathesis reaction.

There is no displacement reaction.

No alkali or metal.

Chemical reaction None.

Decomposition reaction None.

Metathesis reaction.

None Displacement reaction: None.

There are two conditions for the reaction of metals with salts:

reactive metals replace inactive metals (i.e., the metals listed earlier in the metal activity order table replace the metals that come later);

The saline solution must be soluble in water.

For example, Fe+CuSO=FeSO+Cu, Cu+2AGno = Cu(NO)2AG2AG, while Cu+AGCl= does not react because AGCl is insoluble in water, Fe+ZNCL = does not react, because Zn is more active than Fe (FE is ranked after Zn in the metal activity order table).

If the metal is K, Ca, Na is very active metal reaction with salt solution should be considered first, and the reaction of the alkali generated by the reaction should be reacted with salt, such as Na and CuSO4 solution reaction: 2Na + H O = 2NaOh + H osmotic car, 2NaOh + Cuso = Na so + Cu (OH).

According to the type of reactants and products, it is divided into four categories: chemical reaction, decomposition reaction, displacement reaction, and metathesis reaction.

According to the gain and loss of electrons, it can be divided into: redox reaction, non-redox reaction; Redox reactions include: self-redox, and the reaction of the reducing agent with the oxidant.

Isomerization: (a b): A compound is the formation of a structural recombination without changing the chemical composition.