What is the current structural proportion of the diet in our country?

The Oriental dietary system, represented by China, which consumes a large amount of starch and monounsaturated fatty acids, has created different health conditions due to different dietary systems. After the reform and development, the economic income of the Chinese people has continued to increase, but the incidence of "wealth disease" has also been increasing. The affluence of the economy is a stark contrast to the "poverty" of our health.

The "Third International Conference on Essential Fatty Acids" held in Shanghai in 2002 made a very classic summary of the fatty acid status of Chinese, "the shortage still exists, and the excess is worrying". That is, the -3 unsaturated fatty acids that the Chinese really lack have not been supplemented, while other fatty acids are too much to be in surplus. At present, the domestic awareness of -linolenic acid is still very insufficient, and the use of -linolenic acid is also extremely uncommon, and the diet of the Chinese population is generally lacking in -linolenic acid, with a daily intake of York, which is far less than the recommended amount of the World Health Organization.

Experts have called for national legislation to specifically supplement - linolenic acid. In the usual food, the amount of -linolenic acid is very small. Only a very small number of foods such as flax seeds, perilla seeds, hemp seeds, walnuts, silkworm pupae, and deep-sea fish are rich in linolenic acid and its derivatives.

1. Dietary structure based on plant foods

This diet is based on plant-based foods, supplemented by animal-based foods, and is also known as a subsistence diet, which is the case in most developing countries. It is characterized by large consumption of cereal food, dietary energy can basically meet the needs of the human body, the energy provided by plant food accounts for about 90% of the total energy, but the intake of protein and fat is obviously insufficient, especially the intake of animal protein generally only accounts for 10% of the total protein, the intake of iron, calcium, vitamin A is low, and the nutritional deficiency disease is more prominent in the population, resulting in the decline of the population's physique, poor health, and reduced labor ability.

2. Dietary structure based on animal foods

This dietary structure is mainly due to the excessive consumption of animal foods, while the consumption of food is very low. It is characterized by high energy, high protein, high fat, and insufficient dietary fiber, which is a typical model of three highs and one low, which mainly exists in some economically developed European and American countries. Compared with the plant-based diet, overnutrition is the main health problem faced by people with such a rough diet, resulting in a high incidence of civilization diseases such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and diabetes.

3. The dietary structure of animal and plant food

Vegetable food accounts for a large proportion of the diet, animal food to maintain an appropriate amount, the proportion is reasonable, with rice, vegetables and fruits, beans, green tea and fish and shrimp and other seafood intake is more characteristic, energy and various nutrients can meet the needs of the human body without surplus, protein, fat and carbohydrate energy supply ratio is more reasonable, not only conducive to preventing the occurrence of nutritional deficiency diseases, but also conducive to preventing the occurrence of overnutrition diseases, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality, obesity, diabetes, The incidence of fractures is significantly lower than in the West. Clearly, this is one of the healthier dietary structures, and Japan is a typical representative of this dietary pattern.

Fourth, the structure of the Mediterranean diet

This dietary structure is unique to the countries bordering the Mediterranean coast of Europe, mainly Italy, Spain and Greece. The dietary structure in the selection of ingredients are mostly based on natural nutrients, supplemented by a unique seasoning cooking method, residents of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases which birth rate is low, long life, is a modern nutrition recommended dietary pattern, but also the world's four major dietary structure model, there are many countries have referred to this dietary pattern to improve their own national dietary structure, we China is no exception.

At present, the dietary structure of Chinese residents is still dominated by plant foods, supplemented by animal foods. However, China is a vast country, and there are great differences in the dietary composition between regions, ethnic groups, and urban and rural areas, and there are large differences between rich and poor areas. Moreover, with the social and economic development, the dietary structure of Chinese residents has changed to the direction of "affluent" dietary structure.

The dietary quality of Chinese residents has been significantly improved, the amount of energy and protein intake of urban and rural residents have been basically satisfied, the consumption of animal foods such as meat, poultry and eggs has increased significantly, and the proportion of high-quality protein has increased. The dietary structure of rural residents tends to be reasonable, the proportion of high-quality protein sodium leakage increases, the ratio of fat to energy increases, and the ratio of carbohydrate energy supply shows a downward trend.

Problems: The dietary structure of Chinese residents is not reasonable, and the nutrition and health problems of residents still need to be paid close attention. In the dietary structure of urban residents, the consumption of livestock meat and oil is excessive, and the consumption of cereals is low. High fat intake.

Low intake of milk and soy products remains a widespread problem across the country. Micronutrients such as iron and vitamin A are still common problems among urban and rural residents in China. The national urban and rural calcium intake is only 389mg per standard person-day, which is less than half of the appropriate intake.