Questions about the coordinate calculation of the total station pay off!

The question is too big and empty.

Total stations are widely used in urban planning, topographic cadastral surveying, industrial and civil construction, roads and bridges, water conservancy projects, landscaping, deformation monitoring and other projects. Total station loft coordinates may be used for each project. However, the way in which the coordinates are calculated is different.

For example, in industrial and civil construction, the coordinates are mostly calculated according to the relationship between the axis of the building; For roads and bridges, it is necessary to calculate the design alignment and station number. Compared with the two, one is simple and one is complex, one is easy and one is difficult, and the gap is very large.

If you don't have the right knowledge of engineering surveying, how can you explain how to use a calculator to calculate coordinates?

Or take roads and bridges as an example, I will first explain to you what is a straight line, a circular curve, a spiral curve, a vertical curve, and then explain what is a reference ellipsoid, geodetic coordinate system, what is a curve element, how to write coordinates to solve equations...

It's like a new intern in a hospital asking the attending physician, how to do a craniotomy?

This is not something that can be explained in a few words. It's up to you to learn, understand, and practice.

There is no shortcut, even if you are given a good lofting program, you can't even enter, how can you calculate?

Buy a few books on surveying, find a good teacher, and study with an open mind.

If you don't know the principle, just use the program compiled by others to calculate, go to the Internet to find it, there are more. However, it is still recommended that you find this book on engineering surveying and take a closer look.

I sent you an assembly of the Casio 5800 with detailed instructions as well. Hope it helps.

The station is at a known point: Then start building the station, first enter the site coordinates, and then enter the coordinates of the rear sight point according to the root model prompt, align the instrument at the rear view point, and then press the ranging, and the station will be built after the measurement.

At this time, you should reverse measure the backsight point to see how much the measured backsight coordinates are different from the coordinates you entered, if it is within the allowable range, you can proceed to the next step of lofting.

Enter the coordinates of the lofting point according to the instrument prompt, and after the input, the general instrument will display the angle **distance***, which means that according to the input data instrument calculates the relationship between the point to be lofted and the station, regardless of him, and then press the key such as the extreme button or the next step, it will enter an interface where the horizontal angle will change, and the instrument will be turned to the horizontal angle data to be around 0 ° 0 minutes and 0 seconds, and then use the horizontal micro motion to adjust the instrument to 0 degrees 0 minutes and 0 seconds, which means that the point to be lofted is on this line.

Summary. Generally, the architectural design institute will select the more representative roads or buildings in the area to be built as the incremental direction of the A and B coordinates according to the situation of your location, combined with the geodetic coordinates given by the Planning Bureau, and then give the conversion relationship between you and the geodetic coordinates (translation amount and rotation angle), that is, the n and e coordinates of the total station lofting.

How are the coordinates on the drawing calculated when the total station is lofting?

Generally, the architectural design institute will select the more representative roads or buildings in the area to be built as the incremental direction of the A and B coordinates according to the situation of your location, combined with the geodetic coordinates given by the Planning Bureau, and then give the conversion relationship between you and the geodetic coordinates (translation amount and rotation angle), that is, the n and e coordinates of the total station lofting.

Hello dear, the answer has been sorted out for you.

The coordinates of the measuring station are determined by electronic total station measurement, and the specific process is as follows:

1. Set the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring station.

2. Set the coordinates of the backsight point or set the horizontal dial reading of the backsight direction as its azimuth angle. When setting the coordinates of the backsight point, the total station automatically calculates the azimuth of the backsight direction and sets the horizontal dial reading of the backsight direction to its azimuth.

3. Set the prism constant.

4. Set the atmospheric correction value or air temperature and pressure value.

5. The measuring instrument is high, the prism is high and input into the total station.

6. Illuminate the target prism, press the coordinate measurement button, and the total station will start to measure the distance and calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of the display measurement point.

A lot of software can be calculated, such as excel and other programmable software, from this data, this is a straight line, with the starting station, coordinates and azimuth can be calculated in the pile coordinates and side pile coordinates.

The formula is: xn=x+cosa*l

yn=y+sina*l

A represents the known azimuth, l represents the length from the calculated station to the starting station (to be calculated), xn, yn represents the coordinates of the calculated point (known), and x,y represents the start coordinates.

The steps are: for example, to calculate the K0+ coordinates, then calculate the distance L=, and substitute the above formula to calculate the center coordinates of K0+ (X(70), Y(70)), because to calculate the left pile, the azimuth angle of the left pile A1=A-90 degrees (the right pile is +90 degrees), L1=15 meters, and then substitute these data into the above formula, you can calculate the coordinates of the left pile 15 meters.

Note: The above formula becomes: x(15)=x(70)+cos(a1)*l1y(15)=y(70)+sin(a1)*l1

The total station automatically calculates the coordinates, and the calculated coordinates can be divided into: coordinate positive calculation (known point A coordinates, azimuth angle, distance, find point B coordinates), coordinate reverse calculation (know point B coordinates, find distance, coordinate angle).

The error of the instrument itself is mainly in 2 aspects: angle error and distance error, and the forward and inverted mirror error of the instrument with a precision of 2 seconds is no problem within 6 seconds. The distance error is basically 2+2ppm, that is, the error is 2mm+2mm km

1. The error of the instrument itself (systematic error). This kind of error can generally be eliminated or reduced by appropriate observation methods, but the observation of angles in total station mapping is semi-round, so its influence on the accuracy of angle measurement should be considered here. The main basis for the error of the analytical instrument itself is the nominal accuracy of the instrument by its manufacturer, that is, the error m mark in the direction of a return measurement in the field, which is known by the law of error propagation, the error m1 measurement = m mark in the backmeasurement angle of a field measurement and the error m and a half measurement = m1 measurement = 2m mark in the field half measurement and backmeasurement angle.

2. The influence of the instrument alignment error on the horizontal angle accuracy, and the influence of the instrument alignment error on the horizontal angle accuracy are analyzed in detail in the textbook "Surveying", and its formula is m = e sab s1s2 where e is the eccentricity, and the eccentricity of the skilled instrument operator in the work generally does not exceed 3mm, here e=3mm. S1 takes the distance between the station (the root point of the figure) and the backward direction (the root point of the other view) when taking the total station mapping, and S2 takes the maximum distance between the station and the ground point to be measured. From the formula, the effect of the alignment error on the accuracy of the horizontal angle is proportional to the distance sab between the two targets, i.e., the horizontal angle has the greatest effect at 180, and only its maximum effect is considered in the discussion in this article.

3. The influence of the target eccentricity error on the horizontal angle measurement angle, the formula derived from the textbook of "Surveying" is m bias = 2 e1 s1)2+(e2 s2)2, the method of s1 and s2 is the same as that in the alignment error, e1 takes the error of the backward direction when the instrument is set up, this error generally does not exceed 5mm, take e1=5mm, and e2 takes the deviation of the total station in the mapping to be measured. Because the center of the prism in the conventional mapping is often impossible to coincide with the ground point, the deviation is the radius of the prism r=50mm, and the fixed e2=50mm because the alignment error and the target eccentricity error are both errors of the "alignment" nature, as far as the alignment itself is concerned, it is an accidental error, and once the instrument is placed, they will be affected by all the angles on the station at the same time as the error of the instrument itself, according to the error propagation law, the error m = in the angle measurement.

Hello landlord, first of all, you have to judge whether it is a problem with the instrument or the original coordinates (lined up people, or not aligned and other factors).

There are two possibilities for the rear parallax of 2 cm, one is that the site and the rear view coordinates are displaced, and the other is the error of the instrument itself.

If it is the first type, then you use 50 meters as the rear view, and then measure 200 meters away, the coordinate scale will be magnified by 4 times, that is, 8 centimeters error. Of course, there are positive and negative errors, so it may be 4 cm or 16 cm.

If it is the error of the second instrument itself, it depends on whether it is an ETH error or an EDM error. We know that the coordinates are converted from angles and distances, that is to say, the difference between these two centimeters is almost 1 centimeter, and if all are converted into a distance, the distance is almost 3 centimeters.

If you measure 200 meters, it will be about centimeters if it is caused by an angle.

If it is a distance, it depends on whether the error is a constant error or a multiplication error, if the constant is added, it is still 2 centimeters, if it is a multiplication, it is not easy to say, each manufacturer's instrument is set differently, and you are a close range, a long distance, the multiplication constant has a great impact.

In short, this kind of cause is generally caused by many aspects, and it will not be as coincidental as I assume, so if you measure a difference of more than 10 centimeters, it is normal, and a difference of a few centimeters is normal.

Since it's a lofting, it's recommended to take it to a regular place to adjust it, and it's really good to adjust it yourself.

If you still have any questions, please feel free to share them.

Loyalty.

First of all, there is no problem with the instrument ranging, and there is no problem with the addition constant of the prism, then the difference between the two points is about 3 cm, the focus is on how to ensure the accuracy of the lofting point, the directional side length is 50 meters, the lofting point is best not to exceed much, try to control it within the range of the double side length (that is, within 60 meters), the lofting point is super long, and the branch station can continue to put (the length of the branch station should not exceed the length of the directional side as far as possible), because the accuracy required for lofting is relative accuracy, in order to ensure this accuracy, Therefore, the rearview point should not be used as a station, all points start from the first station, and if you stake out in this way, the relative error of your point position can reach within 2 cm.

If you ignore various other factors, the simple point is calculated as a centimeter error of 200 meters according to the difference of 50 meters x and y by 2 centimeters! However, in the case of the same precision measurement, the error in the measurement remains unchanged, that is to say, the error in the point measured by you measuring 50 meters and 200 meters is the same, that is, centimeters!

The total station calculates the coordinates in two steps, the first step is to measure, and the second step is to calculate.

Coordinate measurement steps and calculations for total station.

First, the method and steps of coordinate measurement.

1. Placement of instruments.

Select one point A6 as the measuring station on the experimental field, and find another point as the rear view point 00 to measure the coordinates of the other four points.

Place the total station at point A6, align and level.

Place a prism at the backsight point and at the point to be measured.

2.Operation of the instrument.

Power on Press the Menu button F2 (Data Acquisition) F1 (Input) Enter a file name F4 (OK) F1 (Station Setting) F4 (NEC) F1 (Input) Enter the station number A7 After confirmation, the coordinates of the station (N, E, Z) are confirmed, and after the input is OK F3 (Record) F2 (Rear View Setting) F1 (Input) Enter the backsight point number 00 F2 (Backsight) After confirmation, enter the coordinates of the backsight point (N, E, Z), and then determine the input azimuth angle "xx, OK Press F3 (Measure) to check whether the coordinates are correct after the backsight point is determined After confirming that there is no error, press ESC to exit Measure on the coordinates page, measure the coordinates of the 4 points respectively and record them.

IICoordinate Measurement Calculation Formula:

Coordinate Increment Calculation:

xab=sab·cosαab

xb=xa+δxab

yab= sab·sinαab

yb=ya+δyab

xa；YA --- the value of the x-axis and y-axis of the station.

xb；yb --- the value of the x-axis and y-axis of the measurement point.

xab ；δyab --- the x-axis of the station's coordinates, and the coordinate increment of the y-axis.

ab--- azimuth of the measurement point.

Establish small coordinates, 100, and measure the coordinates azimuth at an angle of the rearview wall....

It's not clear enough, isn't the coordinates already marked? Do you want to calculate the coordinates of other points or convert them to construction imaginary coordinates?