What are multiple intelligences? What are the eight types of multiple intelligences?

The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner, a psychological developmental scientist at the Graduate School of Education of Harvard University in the United States, in 1983. Gardner developed this theory by studying patients with brain trauma and discovering differences in their learning abilities. Traditionally, schools have focused only on the development of students in Logic, Mathematics and Language (mainly reading and writing).

But that's not all there is to human intelligence. Different people will have different combinations of intelligence, for example, architects and sculptors have a stronger sense of space (spatial intelligence), athletes and ballet dancers have a stronger physical strength (physical intelligence), public relations have a stronger interpersonal intelligence, and writers have a stronger introspective intelligence.

Linguistic intelligence mainly refers to the ability to effectively use spoken language and writing, that is, the ability to listen, speak, read and write, which is manifested in the ability of individuals to use language smoothly and efficiently to describe events, express thoughts and communicate with others.

This kind of intelligence is more prominent in professions such as writers, orators, journalists, program hosts, announcers, and lawyers. Logical-mathematical intelligence: This intelligence of effective use of numbers and reasoning is especially needed by those who work with numbers. They learn to think by reasoning, like to ask questions and perform experiments to find answers, to find the laws and logical order of things, and are interested in new developments in science.

Even the words and actions of others have become a good place for them to look for logical flaws, and they are more receptive to things that can be measured, categorized, and analyzed. Nature Exploration Intelligence has the ability to recognize plants, animals, and other natural environments such as clouds and stones. People with strong natural intelligence are more prominent in hunting, farming, and biological sciences.

Natural exploratory intelligence should be further reduced to exploratory intelligence, including the exploration of society and the exploration of nature.

Gardner, an educational psychologist at Harvard University in the United States, proposed the theory of multiple intelligences in 1983. It promotes a positive view of the student, where each child has different intelligences, learning types and methods, and with the right education, each child can be intellectually developed to the highest level. Supporting multiple intelligences are the eight intelligences that exist in each child, namely verbal intelligence, ** intelligence, logical and mathematical intelligence, visuospatial intelligence, body movement intelligence, self-knowledge intelligence, interpersonal intelligence and natural observation intelligence.

Each child has different potentials, and the theory of multiple intelligences can be used in different ways to effectively train each child, children's intelligence is diverse, and the theory of multiple intelligences can also change the traditional concept of education, to bring better learning to children.

In November 1957, the former Soviet Union successfully launched its first artificial satellite. The United States, which successfully tested its first artificial satellite four years earlier, launched 83 days later than the former Soviet Union. This shocked the Americans and made them feel ashamed.

As a result, the United States began to reflect on it, believing that the reason lies in education. After more than 20 years of research, Howard Gardner, a professor of developmental psychology at the Harvard Research Institute, proposed a new theory of cognition - the theory of multiple intelligences. He thinks:

Human beings have at least seven or more kinds of intelligence - speech-language intelligence, rhythmic intelligence, logical and mathematical intelligence, visual-spatial intelligence, body-kinesthetic intelligence, self-knowledge-self-reflection intelligence, communication-communication intelligence, should be comprehensively educated, develop the seven intelligences in each person, and maximize the potential of people. This theory eventually led to a major educational revolution in American history.

1. Verbal and linguistic intelligence: refers to people's ability to grasp and use language flexibly, which is manifested in thinking with words and expressing complex meanings in a variety of different ways of language and words;

2. Mathematical and logical intelligence: refers to people's ability to understand, reason, and express the relationship between logical results, with prominent characteristics such as using logical methods to solve problems, understanding numbers and abstract patterns, and understanding and applying reasoning to solve problems;

3. Visual spatial intelligence: refers to people's correct perception and expression ability of color, shape and spatial position, and the prominent characteristics are accurate perception of the visual world, generating thinking images, thinking ability in three-dimensional space, and being able to distinguish and perceive the connection between spatial objects;

4. Prosodic intelligence: refers to people's ability to feel, discriminate, remember, and express, and is characterized by sensitivity to non-verbal sounds in the environment, including prosody and melody, rhythm, pitch and sound quality;

5. Body movement intelligence: refers to the coordination, balance and strength, speed and flexibility of the human body, and the prominent characteristics are the use of the body to communicate and solve problems, proficient in object manipulation and activities that require good motor skills;

6. Interpersonal communication intelligence: refers to the sensitivity to others' expressions, speeches, gestures and movements, as well as the ability to respond effectively, which is manifested in the ability of individuals to perceive and experience the emotions of others and make appropriate responses;

7. Self-knowledge intelligence: refers to the ability of individuals to recognize, perceive and reflect on themselves, and the prominent characteristics are sensitive to their own feelings and emotions, understand their own strengths and weaknesses, and use their own knowledge to guide decision-making and set goals;

8. Natural observation intelligence: refers to the ability to observe various forms of nature, identify and classify objects, and gain insight into natural or man-made systems.

The eight theories of multiple intelligences are: linguistic intelligence, ** intelligence, logical and mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, physical motor intelligence, introspective intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and natural intelligence.

1. Linguistic intelligence.

It refers to the ability to listen, speak, read and write a foreign language, which is manifested in an individual's ability to use language smoothly and efficiently to describe events, express thoughts and communicate with others. This intelligence is more prominent in journalists, writers, orators, and political leaders, such as Winston Churchill, who turned journalist, writer, and political leader. It's an innate ability to speak, but it's not intellectual.

2. Intelligence.

It refers to the ability to feel, discriminate, remember, change and express, which is manifested in the individual's perception of rhythm, pitch, timbre and melody reflected by the aesthetic sense, as well as the ability to express through composition, performance and singing. This kind of intelligence is more prominent in composers, conductors, singers, performers, instrument makers and instrument tuners, such as the genius Mozart;

3. Logical and mathematical intelligence.

It refers to the ability to operate and reason, which is manifested in the sensitivity to various relationships between things, such as analogy, contrast, cause and effect, and logic, as well as the ability to think through mathematical operations and logical reasoning. It is a more significant intellectual embodiment of rational and logical thinking. He has extraordinary performance in numbers, physics, geometry, chemistry, and even various advanced knowledge of science.

It is a habit of rational thinking; Some mathematicians and physical scientists often have no low intelligence points in this area! Detectives, lawyers, engineers, scientists, and mathematicians are prominent, such as Albert Einstein, the proposer of the theory of relativity.

4. Spatial intelligence.

It refers to the ability to feel, discern, remember, change the spatial relationship of objects and express thoughts and emotions through this, which is manifested in the sensitivity to lines, shapes, structures, colors and spatial relationships, as well as the ability to express them through flat graphics and three-dimensional modeling. At the same time, the grasp and understanding of the universe, time and space, dimensional space, and direction.

It is the embodiment of a higher level of intelligence, and it is based on the premise of a considerable rational thinking foundation and habits. This intellect is more prominent in painters, sculptors, architects, navigators, naturalists, and military strategists, such as the painter Leonardo da Vinci.

5. Physical motor intelligence.

It is an intellectual requirement for all sports athletes and world Olympic champions. The ability to use limbs and torso is characterized by the ability to control one's body well, to respond appropriately to events, and to use body language to express one's thoughts and emotions.

This intelligence is more prominent in athletes, dancers, surgeons, race car drivers, and inventors, such as American basketball player Michael Jordan. The motor aspect is the characteristic of this intelligence, which can effectively organize and coordinate the limbs of the person, so as to achieve effective motor energy.

Those who do not belong to the multiple intelligences are: ().

a.Leadership intelligence.

b.Natural observation intelligence.

c.Speech intelligence oak stupidity.

d.Introspective intelligence.

The correct answer is in bold code: leadership intelligence; Speech intelligence.