What plot is told in The Mean ?

At that time, I liked to memorize the Analects, and I felt that the reason why those simple words became classics had a charm that lasted for a long time, and in today's words, the reason why they still become teaching materials for us to study and read is that these classics have the charm of keeping pace with the times, so that we of different ages and different periods can find what we need from these words. The contact with [Zhongyong] originated from the eldest brother who went to Peking University to study calligraphy in a research class, and the teaching of Wang Yuechuan, a professor at Peking University, benefited the eldest brother a lot. When I came back, he asked me to memorize the "University Mean", saying that there are many ideas in the "Analects" and that there are ** in it.

The book says that impartiality is called neutrality, and immutability is not called mediocrity; Zhong is the right way of the world, and Yong is the theorem of the world. Moderation is the highest moral standard of Confucianism. The golden mean takes honesty and neutrality as the basic concept, and describes the ideal of the unity of nature and man.

In the book, it is said that one sex should not leave oneself for a moment, and it is necessary to cultivate one's own morality from the aspects of caution, fear, concealment, prudence, and independence, master the golden mean, and achieve neutrality.

When neutralization is achieved, all things in heaven and earth will be in their place, and all things will grow and develop, and they will continue to grow. The Tao originates from itself and is separated from the self, and a gentleman must learn to seek from himself in order to obtain it. A true gentleman must be able to learn from things, to remove selfishness from external temptations, and to be good as it is.

This quality of self-cultivation and self-reflection has made me understand that no matter who or what we encounter, no matter what setbacks we will encounter in the future, we must learn to look back on ourselves and find the cause of everything from ourselves. Human beings have a pair of eyes, and they can observe the boundless world outward, and they can see the infinite depth of their hearts inward. However, many people look outward and boundlessly, but inward, but never go deeper.

There is another important word in the mean, that is, sincerity. There is a saying that as long as you are honest with yourself, the world will not deceive you. And the reason why honesty is difficult to do is mostly due to some of the shortcomings of people.

For example, hypocrisy, love one-face, to pursue some external things such as fame and fortune that are not very important to life itself. And people lose their own purity of nature. A greedy word, let the word Cheng execute how tortuous it is.

In Buddhism, there are three poisons in human beings: greed, hatred, and ignorance. Since ancient times, greedy people have lived a very miserable life, but it seems that many people can't get out of this strange circle, and the mean can overcome the greed of human nature, so that people can be content and happy.

That kind of cautious treatment of what everyone can't see, and fear of what everyone can't hear, don't dare to slack off, this kind of cautious attitude in everything, let me understand, quantify every detail, and do every detail seriously. It has been said that the details determine success or failure, and the details are manifested in every aspect of our lives. In short, after reading the mean, Yu has benefited a lot from being a person and dealing with the world, and has been used for life.

There is no shortage of dreams in this world, but there is a lack of people who make dreams come true. The philosophy of moderation tells us that no matter what the situation, we should maintain a relaxed mind to face things and treat nature with a natural heart.

The book emphasizes that the golden mean cannot be left for a moment, and that the innate nature must be respected. Human nature is God-given. To obey nature is to obey the Word.

It is believed that human nature is inherently good, and the role of education is to govern Confucianism, so the promotion of moderation is not only a matter of recklessness, but also a problem of monasticism. People must adhere to the Confucian tradition of loyalty and forgiveness, and conform to the golden mean in their interpersonal relationships.

It tells that people must respect talent, and people's character is given by talent, so they must follow their nature and develop.

The author of "The Mean" is Kong Ling.

Kong Ling, the word Zisi, the grandson of Confucius and the son of Confucius, Kong Li. Born in the 37th year of King Jing of Zhou and died in the 24th year of King Weilie of Zhou, at the age of 82.

A famous thinker of the Spring and Autumn period in China. The ideological doctrine of Confucius was passed on by Zi Si by Zeng Shen, and then passed on to Mencius by Zi Si's disciples. Later generations called Zisi and Mencius the Simeng school, which played an important role in the inheritance of Confucius and Mencius's "Taoism".

Zisi occupies an important position in the history of the development of Confucianism and has had an important and positive influence on Song Dynasty. During the reign of Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zisi was posthumously named "Marquis of Yishui"; In the first year of Yuan Wenzong's reign, he was posthumously awarded the title of "Shu Shenggong".

Historical status. The Mean is a moral and philosophical treatise on the realm of life cultivation in ancient China, and is one of the Confucian classics, which was originally the thirty-first article of the Book of Rites, which is said to have been written by Zisi during the Warring States Period. He regards "sincerity" as the ontology of the world, and believes that "sincerity" reaches the highest state of life, and proposes a learning process and understanding method.

There is a difference between thinking and learning.

The main content of "The Mean".

The Mean is written by Confucius's grandson Si, which discusses the core idea of Confucianism: the mean. "The Mean" wrote:

The gentleman is also the mean, and the gentleman is in the middle. "The meaning of the Confucian mean is not mediocre, but moderate, without fault. The "Three Character Classic" discusses the golden mean:

It is not easy to be biased, and it is not easy to be mediocre. Cheng Yi said: "What is not biased is in the middle, and what is not easy is mediocre; The middle is the right way of the world, and the mediocre is the theorem of the world.

Figure 1-2 shows the main elements of the mean.

There are three main principles of moderation, one is to be cautious and self-cultivation, which is for oneself. "The Mean" wrote: "A gentleman is cautious of what he does not see, and fearful of what he does not hear."

Don't see it, don't show it, so the gentleman is cautious. This means that a virtuous person is also cautious when he is alone.

The second is loyalty and tolerance, how to treat others. "The Mean" wrote: "Loyalty and forgiveness are not far from the way, do to yourself and do not do to others." It means that if you don't want to do something, don't impose it on others.

The third is sincerity, which is the perfect realm of moderation and the whole. "The Mean" wrote: "Only the world is sincere, in order to be able to do its best; If you can do your best, you can do your best; If you can fulfill the nature of people, you can fulfill the nature of things; If you can exhaust the nature of things, you can praise the transformation and education of heaven and earth; You can praise the transformation and education of heaven and earth, and you can participate in heaven and earth.

People who are extremely sincere are able to give full play to their own nature, and thus bring into play the nature of all people and all things, so that the whole can prosper. This is similar to what Adam Smith said in The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Adam Smith said

Man is born to make a difference, to use his talents in order to bring about changes in the external environment of himself and others that seem to be most conducive to the happiness of all mankind. "Adam Smith advocated justice in order to create an environment for humanity to make a difference. Confucius, on the other hand, advocated sincerity, so that human beings could give full play to their true nature and prosper as a whole in such an environment.

The article discusses the positive and negative effects of moderation. On the positive side, achieving the mean makes everything prosperous. The text reads:

To neutralize, heaven is in the ascendancy, and all things are nurtured. "From the opposite side, there is no thing without moderation. The text says:

Sincerity is the beginning of the end of things; Insincerity, nothing. ”

"The Mean" was written by Zisi.

The Mean is a moral and philosophical treatise on the realm of life cultivation in ancient China, and is one of the Confucian classics, which originally belonged to the thirty-first article of the Book of Rites, and is said to have been written by Zisi during the Warring States Period.

Its content affirms that "moderation" is the highest standard of moral behavior, believes that "sincerity" reaches the highest state of life, and puts forward the learning process and understanding method of "erudition, interrogation, prudence, discernment, and practice".

Scholars of the Song Dynasty extracted the Zhongyong from the Book of Rites and called it the "Four Books" together with the University, the Analects, and Mencius. After the Song and Yuan dynasties, it became the official textbook of schools and the compulsory reading of the imperial examination, which had a great impact on ancient Chinese education and society.

The ideological system of "The Mean" is as follows:

The Mean is the deepest and most constant truth of heaven and humanity. Moderation is the way of neutrality. The main thrust of the whole article is on neutralization, and the method of neutralization.

Neutralization is the original state of the universe. The education of a person lies in the ability to neutralize; The role of politics and religion lies in neutralization.

The Mean" begins with the idea that "the mandate of heaven is sexuality, the spontaneity is the Tao, and the cultivation of the Tao is teaching." It seems that "sexuality, Taoism, and religion" were first defined, but in essence, it laid a theoretical foundation for the book "The Mean". He believes that the essence of nature grants man is human nature, that following man's true and good nature is the Tao, and cultivating his true and good nature is teaching.

The essence of the Tao is to follow the true and good nature of human beings to deal with the affairs of heaven and man, big and small, silently, breathlessly, tastelessly, and colorlessly. The Tao is spontaneous, spontaneous is natural and ordinary, and ordinary reason is conventional common sense.

The author of the mean is Kong Ling, the word Zisi, a native of Lu Guo, and the grandson of Confucius.

The Mean is actually a Confucian work in the Qin and Han dynasties, and it is also an important treatise on educational theory in ancient China. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi of the Northern Song Dynasty strongly respected "The Mean". Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote "Notes on the Mean".

After the Song and Yuan dynasties, the "Middle Mean" became the official textbook of the school and the compulsory reading for the imperial examination, which had a great impact on ancient education

Introduction to the mean

The mean was originally one of the "Little Dai Li Ji". The author is Zisi, a descendant of Confucius, and was later revised and sorted out by scholars of the Qin Dynasty, and it is also an important treatise on educational theory in ancient China.

The golden mean was mentioned to a prominent position by the scholars of the Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty explored the golden mean of the Wen Yu Jian chapter of no less than 100 articles, but the first to explore the "golden mean" was not Confucianism, but died in the first year of the Song Zhenzong Qianxing people.

a.Kong Ling. b.Dai Sheng.

c.Zengzi. d.Zhuzi.

Zhengyan Xun talked about the answer: Changlu A

"The Mean" is written by words. The Mean", a total of more than 3,500 words, according to Zhu Xi's division, divided into 33 chapters, four parts, is the Confucian Taoist unified mind method since the ancient sage, its content involves the way of life, moral standards and learning methods and many other aspects. Chapters 1 through 19 focus on the universality and importance of the golden mean from multiple perspectives.

Chapter 20 begins with Lu Aigong's inquiry to Confucius about the method of handling government affairs, and through Confucius's point out the close relationship between administrative affairs and the strengthening of people's self-cultivation, and further expounds the five ethical relations, the three virtues, and the nine principles of governing the country.

At the end of this chapter, the core of the second half of the book is introduced, "sincerity", and five specific aspects of "sincerity" are emphasized. Chapters 21 to 33 revolve around "sincerity."