How to solve the problem of substitution reaction, substitution of reaction problem

Specific problems are analyzed on a case-by-case basis.

1.For example, the esterification reaction (also a substitution reaction) of acetic acid with ethanol has no electron transfer.

2.There is no elemental formation in the above reactions; There are examples of elemental formation, such as ethanol reacting with sodium to form H2.

In organic reactions, the reaction conditions are crucial, so when writing chemical equations, it is important to represent the necessary reaction conditions. The typical reversible reaction of organic reaction is the esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols and the hydrolysis of esters.

The addition reaction between ethylene and bromine water occurs and the unsaturated carbon in it becomes saturated carbon.

Hexene cannot have a substitution reaction with bromine, only an addition reaction. Benzene is catalyzed by iron (in fact, iron bromide) undergoes an addition reaction with liquid bromine to form bromobenzene.

That's wrong, I'm the chemistry representative of my class. First of all, the second step reaction you wrote should require 2mol of chlorine. Because half of it replaces hydrogen, half of it is combined with hydrogen to form HCl

In the end, there are all five reactants. Because he is not an inorganic reaction, organic reactions are more complex. It's just that the amount of substances that end up forming HCl is the largest.

It's very simple.

This is more complicated, using bromine as an example, in fact, it is carried out at the same time, but the probability is large, that is, the amount generated!!

The first substitution, i.e., monobromobenzene, occurs in liquid bromine under light or high temperature, and nucleophilic substitution reactions occur.

The second substitution, in fact, when the generation of dibromosubstitution is in progress, it may also be when other benzenes carry out a bromine substitution, that is, at the same time, generally ortho and para-positioning, there are also meta-positions, but the probability is very small, the third substitution, that is, p-dibromobenzene, or o-dibromobenzene, is also carried out at the same time, but the activity is weaker than the first two, the fourth substitution, it is already more difficult, but it is also possible, if the yield is large, the temperature can be raised, and the light can also be carried out, it is also carried out at the same time, but the usual yield is small, Fifth, the principle is the same.

In addition, the first substitution and the second substitution also have different yields due to the problem of quantity.

Sixth, the same is true, constantly increase the temperature and the amount of bromine.

In addition, the IWO is just an example of bromine, and some of them are difficult to replace to 6 bits.

Living groups, such as amino groups, can also be hydroxyl groups.

However, it is more difficult to get to the tonyl group, such as the nitro group.

The degree of reaction of the substitution reaction is uncontrollable. For organic chemical reactions, you can only try to control the reaction conditions so that the reaction takes place as much as possible in the direction of the main reaction. The occurrence of side effects is inevitable.

Just like the substitution of methane, under light conditions, it is the substitution of both methylene chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform and tetrachloroform. Once it happens, it is difficult to control it, replacing only one or more hydrogens. Often, they are all replaced, but only less.

Like toluene, its ortho and para sites are easy to be replaced, but there will still be substitution reactions in other positions. For your question, there may be something like this, depending on the conditions of your reaction. But as far as I know, there are basically none.

One h is replaced by one cl, i.e. the c—h bond becomes a cl—cl bond. The remaining Cl produces HCl with the substituted H. The features are:

One H is replaced, one Cl2 is consumed, and one HCl is produced. "Trade-in".

Because I was a high school student, I didn't pay much attention to this issue, but I just heard the teacher say, "In organic reactions, it is common for the substances to be the same, and the reaction results are different because of the same conditions, and side reactions often occur." ”

I don't know exactly what it is.

Substitution reactions: A class of chemical reactions.

Substitution reaction refers to the reaction in which an organic compound is attacked by a certain type of reagent, causing a group (or atom) in the molecule to be replaced by this reagent.

Actually, if you think of it conveniently, you can think of a substitution reaction as a displacement reaction in an organic compound, which is a reaction in which an organic compound reacts with some element (halogen) or compound to replace a certain group (or atom) in a molecule to form a new substance.

Let's take two examples.

1) CH4+CL2 -- light CH3Cl+HCl ......CHCL3 + Cl2 - light CCL4 + HCl (a series of reactions that occur when methane is replaced by chlorine gas to form chloromethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrachloroform (carbon tetrachloride)).

2) The structure of benzene (I can't type) + ho-no2 (nitric acid but must be written in this form in organic reactions) - concentrated sulfuric acid, heated Nitrobenzene structure short formula + H2O

In this reaction, a hydrogen atom of benzene is replaced by a nitro group (—NO2) in nitric acid and combined with a hydroxyl group (—OH) to form water, and the remaining structure of benzene is combined with nitro (—NO2) to form nitrobenzene.

Alkanes can be substituted with halogen elements.

If you are not familiar with discernment, it may be that you see less, read more, write more, and memorize more, and you will naturally be familiar with it, and I hope you can find the feeling as soon as possible.

The main thing to look at is that the atoms in the molecule are replaced from time to time.

The two species react to form two products, and there is no double bond and triple bond change, and there is no ring opening.