How did Chinese characters develop from oracle bone inscriptions, and what stages did they go throug

1. Regarding the origin of Chinese characters, there are various theories in ancient Chinese literature, such as "knotted rope", "gossip", "pictures", "book deeds", etc., and the Yellow Emperor is also generally recorded in ancient books.

The legend of the historian Cangjie making words. In terms of development: Oracle.

Late Shang period) - Jin Wen (Western Zhou.

Small seal (Qin) - Lishu (Han) Cursive script (Han) - regular script (Six Dynasties) - Xingshu (mature in the Jin Dynasty, prevailing in the Tang and Song dynasties).

What we call seals, subordinates, Kai, grass, and line calligraphy, that's it.

2. What is the oracle bone inscription and the golden inscription (pre-Qin) oracle bone inscription?

The oracle bone inscription is the earliest mature calligraphy that can be seen at present. Because in 1899, Wang Yirong stumbled upon some carved symbols on a Chinese medicinal material called "dragon bone". The "dragon bone" is the turtle shell, and the carved symbols on it were later proved by archaeologists and paleographers to be the "oracle bone inscription".

The most important thing here is also unearthed in Anyang, Henan Province.

Yin Ruins in Xiaotun Village.

It is a relic of the Shang Dynasty about 3,400 years ago. Later, after continuous excavation, as many as 100,000 oracle bone fragments were unearthed; There are a total of 4,500 carved symbols, of which 1,700 have been deciphered and explained one by one. The oracle bone content is mostly"Divination", which records the events of divination.

<> Jinwen? Jin Wen is also called Zhong Dingwen. Simply put, it is the words engraved on bronze.

The Shang and Zhou dynasties were the age of bronze, and the ritual vessels of bronze were represented by tripods, and the musical instruments were represented by bells, which were synonymous with bronze. Therefore, the gold inscription is the inscription engraved on the bronze, compared with the slenderness of the oracle bone inscription, the gold inscription is slightly thicker, simple, and has the gas of gold and stone.

<>3. Xiao Seal (Qin) Xiao Seal was after Qin Shi Huang unified China, and implemented the policy of "the same book and the same track" and unified weights and measures, which was led by Prime Minister Li Si.

Responsible, in the state of Qin.

On the basis of the original use of the Great Seal script, it was simplified, the other six scripts were abolished, and a unified Chinese character writing form was created.

After the unification of Qin, the text was called Qin Seal, also known as Xiao Seal, which was simplified on the basis of the Jin script and the stone drum script. The representative of the famous calligrapher Li Si as a stone carved in Qintai Mountain, has been highly praised in all dynasties. The Qin Dynasty was a period of change of inheritance and innovation. "Explanation of the Word Order".

Said: "The Book of Qin has eight bodies, one is called the big seal, the second is the small seal, the third is the engraved character, the fourth is the insect book, the fifth is the copy seal, the sixth is the signature book, the seventh is the book, and the eighth is the official book. This basically summarizes the appearance of the font at this time.

The formulation of the small seal was the first systematic process of standardizing the style of writing in China.

Fourth, the official book in the official book mature at the same time, and there was a broken body of the subordinate change, and the development of the chapter grass, the line of the book, the real book.

It has also sprouted. In the Three Kingdoms period, it was the coexistence of subordinates and Kais.

Lishu, also known as Han Li, is a kind of solemn font common in Chinese characters, the writing effect is slightly wide and flat, the horizontal drawing is long and the straight drawing is short, it is rectangular in shape, and pays attention to "silkworm head and goose tail", "wave and three folds".

As for cursive, regular script, and line script, I believe it is more familiar.

The Chinese characters have passed: oracle bone script (Shang) Jin Wen (Zhou) Xiao Seal (Qin) Lishu (Han) Kaishu (Han) Cursive script (late Han Dynasty) Xingshu.

The evolution of Chinese characters in China from oracle bone inscriptions to today's Chinese characters has taken about 3,000 years.

Chinese characters are a sign of the development of China's unique civilization, and the oracle bone inscription that appeared in the Yin Shang period in the 14th century BC is considered to be the initial form of the evolution of Chinese characters, and its evolution process has experiencedOracle bone inscription, golden script, small seal, official script, cursive script, regular script, line script

In ancient times, people did not understand words, so they often appeared in front of everyone's eyes in the form of graphic symbolsThese "pictures" are the original "ideograms" and the origin of writing.

Late Yin Shang in the 14th century BCThose "ideograms" developed into "oracle bone inscriptions" with specific meanings, which are also considered to be the first form of writing evolution. These oracle bone inscriptions are engraved on the shell of a turtle or on the bones of animals, so they are called "oracle bone inscriptions", and their original function was to divinate good fortune and evilPeople record things about dreams, illnesses, or hunting outings on turtle shells or bones, and then roast them over fire, and guess the good luck of the event based on the cracks that result.

Jin Wen appeared in the Western Zhou DynastyAt that time, it was the prosperous period of bronze, so the golden inscription was engraved on the bell and stone drum made of bronzeTherefore, Jin Wen is also called Zhong Ding Wen and Shi Gu Wen.

After Qin Shi Huang unified the six kingdoms, he was killedAt that time, the prime minister Li Si deleted and beautified the text and sorted it out, and finally formed a unified text "small seal", which was also known as "Qin seal".

During the Qin Dynasty, because the writing of the small seal was too standardized, some simple fonts appeared in the folk to change the curve of the small seal to a straight oneThis font is called "Qin Li", and in the late Western Han Dynasty, a more convenient Han Li appeared.

At the same time that the Han Dynasty was popular, it was also the period when regular script was buddingWang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi of the Jin Dynasty were the founders of regular script. During the Tang Dynasty, regular script became a very popular script at that time, and many great calligraphers emerged, such as Yan Zhenqing and Ouyang Xun.

LaterIn order to improve the speed of writing and make writing more beautiful and fluent, it has gradually developed into calligraphyBecause of its flexible writing and strong practicality, it has been loved by many people.

By the 21st century, Chinese characters have been around for more than 6,000 years.

Chinese characters are one of the oldest scripts in the world, dating back more than six thousand years. In terms of form, it gradually changes from a figure to a stroke, a pictogram to a symbol, and a complex to simple; In the principle of word making, from the form, ideogram to shape and sound. Except for a very few Chinese characters (such as 瓩, 兛, 兣, 呎, 嗧, etc.), they are all one Chinese character and one syllable.

From the development of oracle bone inscription to today's Chinese characters, our country has experienced more than 3,000 years, and Chinese characters have gone through oracle bone inscriptions, golden scripts, small seals, official scripts, cursive scripts, regular scripts, and line scripts.

After a total of more than 3,000 years, the oracle bone inscription was issued and used in the late Shang Dynasty, and has undergone many changes until now, and the history is also very long.

The oracle bone inscription is about 3100 to 3400 years old. The Chinese nation has left many treasures in the process of staying for a long time, and the oracle bone inscription is one of these treasures. The evolution process from oracle bone inscriptions to Chinese characters spanned thousands of years from the Yin Shang dynasty to the end of the Qing DynastyOracle bone inscription, golden inscription, large seal, small seal, official script, regular script, cursive script, line scriptand so on.

What is Oracle? The oracle bone inscription is one of the oldest writing in China, also known as the "oracle bone divination", which was formed in the late Shang Dynasty, when the nobles of the Shang Dynasty would choose to record the text on the tortoise shell and animal bones, which was used for narrative and divination.

The story of the discovery of the oracle bone inscription is also very wonderful, at that time the oracle bone inscription was first found by the villagers of Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province, because the cultural level of the villagers is relatively low, so they do not know that the oracle bone inscription is a cultural relic left over, and they think that the oracle bone inscription is a kind of "dragon bone", and even the "dragon bone" is ground into powder as a medicinal material to cure all diseases. Later, in the 25th year of Guangxu, Wang Yirong, a ** in the late Qing Dynasty, came to Anyang for some special reasons and discovered the oracle bone inscription.

The popularity of the small seal is related to a historical story, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei, Han, Qin seven countries, have their own different scripts, Qin Shi Huang in the unification of the six countries, the implementation of the "book with the text, the car with the track" policy, requiring the people of the seven countries to learn the small seal.

Although Qin Shi Huang's move made some people feel dissatisfied, the popularization of the small seal played a very important role in the history of the development of China's writing history.

When I was a child, I practiced calligraphy, and the first thing I practiced was regular script, and I have always felt that regular script is the most beautiful text in the world. It evolved from Lishu, but it is more square than Lishu. Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and many other calligraphers have made outstanding contributions to the development of regular script.

There are about 3100 3400 years, so the history of the oracle bone inscription is very long, the oracle bone inscription is a little bit evolved into Chinese characters, and it has experienced a lot of calligraphy in the middle, such as cursive regular script small Kai small seal and the like.

More than 3,000 years ago. The oracle bone script is a type of hieroglyphic script, which was later transformed into a golden script, and then developed into official script, regular script, and now there are line scripts and cursive scripts.

As of today, the oracle is 3,321 years old. The evolution process from oracle bone script to Chinese characters went through 8 stages: Jinwen, Da Seal, Xiao Seal, Lishu, Cursive, Kaishu, and Xingshu, until it developed into real Chinese characters.

It has a history of more than 3,600 years, and the process of evolution is still full of complexities, starting from oracle bone inscriptions to some ancient Chinese characters, and finally directly evolving into the current script.

The emergence of oracle bone inscriptions has allowed Chinese civilization to be passed down from generation to generation, and has played an important role in the development of Chinese characters.

1: Before the appearance of oracle bone inscriptions, the text was only a legend of holding branches, including knotted rope records, Xi'an Banpo pottery inscriptions, Cangjie characters, etc., and had not yet formed a writing system. Not really words in the sense of the word.

2: With the advent of the oracle bone inscription, the text has a system, and the oracle bone inscription has the three elements of calligraphy, that is, the use of the pen, the knot, and the chapter. At the same time, the oracle bone inscription also has the "six books" doctrine of the construction rules of Chinese characters summarized by Xu Shen in the preface to Shuowen Jie Zi, that is, six methods of character making, the six books refer to pictograms, referring to things, understanding, morphophonic, transcribing, and borrowing.

The oracle bone inscription is mainly based on three types: pictograms, pretenses, and shapes.

3: At the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the oracle bone inscription gradually evolved into the Jin script, and in the Zhou Dynasty, the Jin script slowly evolved into the Zhou script. In the Qin Dynasty, it evolved from a small seal to a small seal.

In the Han Dynasty, the small seal evolved into the official script, and the official script evolved into cursive script, regular script leather sedan chair, and line script. At this point, the five types of Chinese characters have been basically formed. Therefore, oracle bone inscription is the originator of Chinese characters.

The four oldest writing systems in the world.

The first is the cuneiform script created by the Sumir people in the two river basins 5,500 years ago, the second is the sacred script created by the ancient Egyptians in the Nile Valley more than 5,000 years ago, the third is the oracle bone inscription of the Yin Shang period in China 3,300 years ago, and the fourth is the Mayan script that originated in Central America 1,500 years ago. The reason why Chinese civilization has been inherited for more than 5,000 years is because Chinese characters have played an important role as a carrier. Chinese characters are the crystallization of the great wisdom of the Chinese nation.

Oracle bone inscription is the originator of Chinese characters and has played an important role in the development of Chinese characters.

The oracle bone inscription is an ancient script of the middle finger base country, which is the early form of the Chinese character in the early filial piety period, and is sometimes considered to be one of the calligraphy styles of Chinese characters, and it is also the oldest mature script in the existing Chinese dynastic period, which was first unearthed in Yinxu, Anyang City, Henan Province. It belongs to Old Chinese, not Ancient or primitive languages of other language families.

The oracle bone inscription is also known as the "deed inscription", "oracle bone inscription", Yinxu script or "tortoiseshell beast bone inscription". The oracle bone inscriptions recorded and reflected the political and economic conditions of the Shang Dynasty, mainly referring to the inscriptions on tortoise shells or animal bones used by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty (14th and 11th centuries BC) in China for divination. After the fall of the Yin Shang dynasty and the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, the oracle bone inscription was also used for a period of time, which is an important material for studying the social history of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.

The shape and structure of the oracle bone inscription has tended to be combined with independent bodies, and a large number of morphophonetic characters have appeared. It inherits the original carved symbols on the top and the bronze inscriptions on the bottom, which is the key form of the development of Chinese characters and is known as the "earliest Chinese character". Modern Chinese characters evolved from oracle bone inscriptions.

In a total of more than 100,000 pieces of oracle bones with characters, there are more than 4,000 different characters and graphics, of which about 2,800 characters have been recognized. The oracle bone has a symmetrical and stable pattern. Some people believe that Chinese calligraphy began with oracle bone inscriptions, because oracle bone inscriptions have prepared the three elements of calligraphy, namely, the use of brushes, knots, and chapters.

The oracle bone inscription was found in Yinxu, Anyang City, Henan Province, China, but it was not unique to the Shang Dynasty and existed long before the Shang Dynasty. Archaeological research has found that the Yin Shang oracle bone inscription is very likely to originate from the Jiahu inscription symbol at the Peiligang cultural site in Henan Province 8,500 years ago.

Judging from the number of fonts and the way they are structured, oracle bone inscriptions have developed to a more rigorous and systematic script. The principle of "six books" of Chinese characters is reflected in the oracle bone inscriptions. However, the traces of the original pictorial text are still relatively obvious.

It has evolved many times. At least 6 changes have occurred. From the original oracle bone inscription evolved into a large seal, and later became a small seal, then a lishu, and then a line script and a regular script. In the end, it became Chinese Simplified.