Witnesses reveal the details of the excavation of the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han, how was this tomb

The discovery of this tomb is known based on the confessions of the tomb robbers. At an auction in the United States, several black terracotta figurines that were stolen out of the country were on the auction catalogue of foreign countries, and finally our country took these cultural relics back through diplomatic channels. After careful investigation by the relevant state departments, it was determined that these cultural relics were stolen and excavated by tomb robbers from the ancient tombs of Jiangcun.

1. The tomb of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty - Baling.

According to historical records, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty decided to bury himself after his death, not to set up a tomb, and to use the mountain as a mausoleum. Before defining the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han in the true sense, Baling was often referred to as the "Jiangcun Tomb". The whole tomb presents the shape of "Asia", more than 70 meters long from north to south, more than 70 meters wide from east to west, and there are hundreds of burial tombs around the tomb.

Archaeological excavations began in 2017 and unearthed a large number of cultural relics such as terracotta figurines, copper belt hooks, crossbow machines, and seals. In the archaeological community, there are different opinions on the definition of this tomb, whether it is the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han or not, still needs in-depth archaeological excavation.

Second, the facts are revealed.

About a few hundred meters away from this tomb, there is another "Ya" shaped tomb, which has been confirmed by archaeologists to be the mausoleum of Empress Dou, the wife of Emperor Wen of Han. After comprehensive analysis and judgment by archaeologists, it was determined that the Jiangcun Tomb was the tomb of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. From the unearthed cultural relics, it is confirmed that the age of this tomb is the early Western Han Dynasty, which is in line with the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty.

On the morning of December 14, 2021, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage announced that the Bailuyuan Jiangcun Tomb in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province is the Mausoleum of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty.

3. Unearthed cultural relics.

The tomb of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty unearthed more than 1,000 pieces of copper seals, iron tools, etc., the shape and scale of the tomb are in line with the highest level of tomb specifications in the Western Han Dynasty, and also unearthed stone and law pipes, which are related to the ** at that time. There were even bronze gears and other things, which shows that the wisdom of the ancients at that time had to be admired and awe-inspired. Regarding Baling, Li Bai's poems have more "Send Jun Ba Ling Pavilion, and the water flows mighty."

of emotion.

At an auction in the United States in 2002, cultural relics from the Western Han Dynasty of China appeared, and China ** brought them back to China, and through interrogation of tomb robbers, they knew that the cultural relics came from the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han, and finally determined the location.

According to the information provided by the tomb robbers, the tomb was discovered, and the tomb robbers took out the contents of the tomb and put it up for auction.

According to reports, the tomb will be found to have a lot to do with an auction in the United States.

The discovery of the address of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's tomb is undoubtedly the biggest news in the archaeological world at the end of 2021. The virtuous emperor who created the "rule of Wenjing" adopted a thin burial system after his death, coupled with the fact that it was not in the "ancestral tomb", and there was no documentary record, which led to the fact that for nearly a thousand years, the Bailuyuan Phoenix Mouth area was regarded as the tomb of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. However, due to the robbery hole in the Jiangcun tomb, with the approval of the Cultural Relics Bureau, the nearby tombs were explored and rescued excavations, and it was precisely because of this incident that the location of the tomb of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was finally determined, and the veil of dust was unveiled for thousands of years

1. Specifications of tombs

Personally, I think the first thing worth paying attention to is the tomb specifications of Baling, because the tombs before the Western Han Dynasty were almost destroyed by Dong Zhuo, and Baling is the most well-preserved, so the tomb specifications of Baling have the most research value and have reference significance for the subsequent excavation of imperial tombs.

2. Funeral items

Another detail worth paying attention to is the burial items, because Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty admired thin burials, so there were no large number of gold and silver utensils in the excavated burial pits, which were almost too far away compared to the tomb of the Marquis of Haiding, but a large number of terracotta figurines were found in the burial pits, and there were also prisoner figurines that had never been found before. This burial article provides a valuable reference for the study of the historical system of the Western Han Dynasty.

3. The location of the mausoleum

Another detail worth noting is that the geographical location of Baling is not in the northwest of Xianyang City like other emperors of the Western Han Dynasty, but in the east of Xianyang City, closer to the dynasty before Emperor Wen of Han. Although experts did not explain why Emperor Wen of Han chose this location for the mausoleum, I personally guess that Emperor Wen of Han is more filial, and he wants to be closer to his mother, Empress Dowager Bo.

The geographical location of the mausoleum, close to the dynasty before Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, the tomb specifications, the most well-preserved, the burial items did not appear a large number of gold and silver utensils, there are a large number of terracotta figurines.

The discovery of the tomb of Emperor Ba of the Han Dynasty stemmed from the detection of a tomb robbery case, which unearthed thousands of terracotta figurines and stone seals. In 2002, at an auction in the United States, 6 pieces of black terracotta figurines stolen from the Jiangcun tomb appeared in the auction catalogue of Sotheby Auction House in the United States. After the stolen items traced in the process, two robbery holes were found in the Jiangcun tomb, with the approval of the Cultural Relics Bureau, and then the Jiangcun Han Tomb was rescued exploration and excavation, as a result, when the experts explored the phoenix mouth, they found that there was no tomb under the phoenix mouth, but solid soil, which made the experts who have always thought that the phoenix mouth was the one who buried the tomb of the Han Emperor and couldn't help but be suspicious, but as the exploration work of the Hanjiang tomb continued, the discovery here made the experts extremely happy, and gradually suspected that the tomb would be located in Jiangcun. Let's talk about the specific discovery process and the unearthed cultural relics:

First, the specifications are amazing

Experts in the exploration of the Jiangming Macun tomb found that the Jiangcun tomb actually used only the emperor can use the sub-zigzag structure, which made the experts who previously thought that it was the tomb of the princess of Guantao had doubts in their hearts, with further excavation, found a stone seal symbolizing the six parts, which further confirmed that this is an imperial tomb.

2. Final confirmation

Although it was determined that it was the emperor's mausoleum, it was not yet confirmed that it was Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, until the remains of the cemetery wall were discovered, and the rammed earth layer of the entire wall surrounded the Jiangcun tomb and the mausoleum of Empress Dou, so that the identity of the owner of the Jiangcun tomb was revealed.

3. Funeral goods

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty admired thin burial, the most found in the burial pit is pottery products, in the pottery products clothed pottery figurines occupy a large proportion, in addition to this quarrel, there are some stone seals symbolizing the official seal, a small number of metal products.

The tomb of Emperor Wen of Han was finally discovered because of a tomb robbery case. The tomb has a lot of cultural relics on a business trip, most of them are some pottery products at that time, there are many pottery figurines, there are many official false letter seals, and a small number of gold chains.

The tomb of Emperor Ba of Han was discovered when the tomb robbers resold cultural relics; Cultural relics include phoenix mouth, in the Sikong seal, in the riding of a thousand people, the car, terracotta figurines.

Related to the Liangye tomb robbery case, expert Nai Jianxiao finally discovered the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han. There are pottery products, terracotta figurines, seals, metal products, copper seals, copper cars, horses and so on.

The discovery that the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han was identified as in Jiangcun instead of the previously thought Fenghuangzui corrects the more than 700-year-old understanding of the location of Emperor Wen of Han's tomb. Before the excavation of the Han Tomb in Jiangcun, historians believe that the phoenix mouth on the Bailu Plain is the real location of the Baling, after all, this statement is recorded in the "Chang'an Chronicles" of the Yuan Dynasty, and in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there are many times in the phoenix mouth to worship Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty. The reason why the tomb was relocated was due to an accidental case of theft of cultural relics, in order to better protect the cultural relics, the cultural relics bureau decided to carry out rescue exploration and excavation around the Jiangcun tomb, and as a result, the use of modern instruments under the phoenix mouth to explore and found that there were no tombs, so the location of the tomb was transferred to another place.

Let's talk about why Baling is so hard to find from a personal point of view:

1. Preconceived notions

Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, demarcated the royal mausoleum before his death, and the nine emperors of the Western Han Dynasty were also buried in the royal mausoleum, which also made people feel that the mausoleum of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty would also be nearby, and the erroneous records of scholars in the Yuan Dynasty were added, so it made people preconceived that the tomb was in that location, so they did not look elsewhere.

2. Advocating thin burial

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty did his best for the country during his lifetime, his personal life was extremely simple, he was unwilling to work for the tomb and hurt the people and money, and advocated thin burial, so the Baling was built by the mountain, and there was no sealed mound, and the exact location of the Baling was not recorded in the documents before the Yuan Dynasty, which created various difficulties for the search for the Baling.

3. Protection first

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the lack of cultural relics protection technology and other reasons, coupled with the painful lessons of the excavation of the Wanli Mausoleum, so China's attitude towards the emperor's mausoleum is not to take the initiative to excavate, unless it is destroyed and then carry out rescue excavation, which is why there is no need to find the location of the tomb. This time, the tomb will not be further excavated, but will be protected by establishing a heritage park.

The tomb of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was found, located in Bailuyuan City, Shaanxi Province. The reason why it is so difficult to find is because ancient emperors would bury themselves in a relatively safe place after their deaths to prevent tomb robbery.

According to reports, the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han would be so difficult to find because archaeologists were influenced by archaeologists from the Yuan Dynasty and were misled.

Probably because no one knows that his mausoleum is in**, and it is also very well hidden.

The tomb of Emperor Ba of the Han Dynasty unearthed terracotta figurines, copper seals, copper chariots and horses, ironware, pottery and other cultural relics

Jiangcun Cemetery is located at the west end of Bailuyuan in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an, about 800 meters northeast is the Mausoleum of Empress Dou, about 2000 meters southwest is the southern mausoleum of Empress Dowager Bo, and about 2100 meters in the north is the "Phoenix Mouth" site where the former national security unit is located. Archaeological exploration confirmed that there were no Han Dynasty tombs at the "Phoenix Mouth" site, ruling out the possibility of being a tomb.

The remains of the cemetery wall were found on the periphery of the Jiangcun Tomb and the Mausoleum of Queen Dou, and it is speculated that they coexist in the same cemetery, which is about 1,200 meters long from east to west and 863 meters wide from north to south. Archaeological excavation of the Jiangcun tomb of 8 external pits, unearthed more than 1,500 pieces of terracotta figurines, copper seals, copper chariots and horses, ironware, pottery, etc., the copper seal inscription has "Chefu", "Qifu", "Zhongqi Qianren", "Fu Yin", "Cang Yin", "Zhong Sikong Yin", etc., indicating that the outer pit around the Jiangcun Tomb should be built to imitate the reality of the government office and the government treasury.

The shape and scale of the Jiangcun Tomb are in line with the specifications of the highest level of tombs in the Western Han Dynasty, and the surrounding areas are the Mausoleum of Empress Dou and the Mausoleum of the Empress Dowager Bo, and experts confirm that the Jiangcun Tomb is the tomb of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty.

Emperor Ba Mausoleum of the Han Dynasty found that the "Tufuzi" behind the scenes was frequently infested

On the morning of December 14, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage held an online meeting in Beijing to announce an important archaeological achievement: the Bailuyuan Jiangcun Tomb in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, is the tomb of Emperor Ba of the Han Dynasty.

This achievement subverted the general perception of historiography for 700 years since the Yuan Dynasty and confirmed the true location of the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han. Regrettably, however, it was a group of people who have been despised for thousands of years: tomb robbers.

The place where the tomb of Gangcun is located and its surroundings have been repeatedly harassed by "Tufuzi" (i.e., tomb robbers) in recent years. In view of the severe situation of continuous theft of cultural relics in Baling Mausoleum District in recent years, with the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology began to rescue and excavate the external pit of Jiangcun Tomb and Nanling Tomb in 2017. The results of the four years of archaeology were announced on December 14.

The above content refers to The Surging News - Bailu Yuan focuses on the tomb of Emperor Ba of the Han Dynasty, and the three major archaeological announcements of the Han and Tang Dynasties.

Maoling is the mausoleum of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. It is located in Maoling Village, 40 kilometers northwest of Xi'an City, in the northeast of Xingping County.

Whether it was stolen is unknown!