What substances are commonly used in the production of detergents

Here are some commonly used types of detergents::

1.Laundry detergents: Chemicals used to wash laundry, including laundry detergents, laundry detergents, laundry soaps, etc. It contains stain removers, surfactants, brighteners and other ingredients to remove stains, grease and perspiration from clothing, and to keep it clean and soft.

2.Dishwashing detergent: Detergent used to wash dishes, dishes, knives and forks, etc. They often contain fatty acid salts, alkaline substances, and surfactants that remove food debris, grease, and dirt, and maintain the hygiene of dishes.

3.Household cleaners: Chemicals used to clean the home environment, such as dish soap, glass cleaners, bridge hill floor cleaners, etc. These cleaners remove stains, dirt, and bacteria, keeping your home clean and hygienic.

4.Hand sanitizer: Chemicals used to clean hands, including liquid hand soap, hand gel, etc. They contain surfactants, antibacterial, and moisturizers that remove bacteria and dirt and keep your hands clean and moisturized.

5.Shampoos and body washes: Chemicals used to clean the hair and body, including shampoos, conditioners, and body washes, among others. They contain ingredients such as cleansers, moisturizers, and fragrances that remove dirt and sweat stains and keep hair and ** clean and soft.

The above are just some of the common types of chemical detergents, and there are various other detergents and cleaners available in the market to meet different cleaning needs. <>

Summary. Dear, I'm glad to answer for you The selection and use principle of detergent for liquid organic matter is to choose detergent according to different water quality characteristics; selection of detergent according to the washing equipment; Select the detergent according to the washing object; Choose a detergent according to the characteristics of the dirt.

Dear, I'm glad to answer for you The selection of detergents for liquid organic matter and the principle of making the detergent use is to choose detergents according to different water quality characteristics; selection of detergent according to the washing equipment; Select the detergent according to the washing object; The choice of detergent is based on the characteristics of the dirt.

Washing machines are used to wash linen, and it is advisable to use low-foaming or non-foaming detergents, and it is not advisable to use high-foaming and medium-foaming washing and laughing thicket detergents. This is because high and medium foam detergents will produce a lot of foam during washing, which affects the effect of the washing machine force on the washed objects and the interaction between the washed objects; Excessive foam makes it difficult to pass the water thoroughly, or it takes a lot of time to pass the water, which leads to water consumption, power consumption, time-consuming and reduced equipment utilization. These weaknesses can be overcome by using low-foaming or non-foaming detergents.

The process of ethyl acetate synthesis is described.

There are many synthesis methods of ethyl acetate, such as: it can be prepared by the reaction of acetic acid or its derivatives with ethanol, and can also be synthesized by the reaction of sodium acetate with ethane halogen. One of the most commonly used methods is the equation for the preparation of ethyl acetate by direct esterification of acetic acid and ethanol by acid-catalyzed:

CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH = reversible reaction pants closed ear = (concentrated sulfuric acid, heated) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O.

Usually refers to sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids that are soluble in water. Soap is made by saponification reaction of refined oil (to remove impurities in the oil) and caustic soda solution; It can also be made by neutralizing higher fatty acids and caustic alkali (or Na2CO3, K2CO3). In order to increase the decontamination effect and adapt to various washing needs, a variety of fillers are also added, such as rosin, water glass, clay, essence, colorant, disinfectant, bleach, etc.

Soap is mainly used as a detergent for civil or industrial use, it has a good decontamination effect in soft water, but the washing effect is very poor in hard water, and it will completely lose its washing ability in acidic media. Commonly used detergents Substances that have the ability to decontaminate are called detergents. Commonly used detergents include soaps and synthetic detergents.

The function of detergent is mainly to change the surface activity of water, reduce the surface tension of water, and the detergent has an affinity with the dirt on the clothes, so that the dirt can be separated from the clothes. It can be simply expressed as:

Fabric, dirt + detergent Fabric + dirt, detergent.

dirty laundry) (dirty detergent).

The main ingredient of commonly used detergents is surfactants. Such as sodium of high-grade fatty acids in soap, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate in household laundry detergent, etc. Most of the surfactants in synthetic detergents are made of petrochemical products as raw materials, and then combined with various additives (such as sodium triphosphate, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, etc.) and fillers (such as brighteners, enzymatic agents, pigments, fragrances, etc.), commercial synthetic detergents can be obtained.

The decontamination effect of synthetic detergents is not affected by hard water, and some are also suitable for aqueous solutions containing salts or acids.

The main ingredient is sodium dodecylbenzoate or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, which is neutralized by adding alkaline solution to pH tends to be neutral, flake alkali is used in industry, and then 6501 is added, and citric acid is the usual detergent.

The main component of detergent is surfactant, which is an organic compound with two parts of the molecular structure, hydrophilic and lipophilic. Generally, according to whether surfactants can be decomposed into ions in aqueous solution, they are divided into two categories: ionic surfactants and non-ionic surfactants. Ionic surfactants can be divided into three types: cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants.

naoh+hcl==h2o+nacl

c17h35coo）3c3h5

3naoh3c17h35coona

3c3h5（oh）3

Glyceryl stearate).

sodium hydroxide), sodium stearate).

Glycerol) washing powder is sodium hypochlorite.

or calcium hypochlorite.

Both can be combined with carbon dioxide in the air.

The reaction produces hypochlorous acid, which has a bleaching effect.

2Naclo+CO2+H2O===Na2CO3+2HClo hypochlorous acid is unstable and will decompose.

2HCO===2HCl+O2 (Generally do not write this one, this is the equation for the failure of detergent.)

stacked. 2naclo+co2+h2o===na2co3+2hcl+o2↑

Generally, it is enough to write 2naclo+co2+h2o===na2co3+2hclo.

Calcium hypochlorite.

ca(clo)2+co2+h2o===caco3+2hclo

(1) Alkaline additives.

Sodium carbonate plays a role in enhancing alkalinity in detergents, and sodium tripolyphosphate plays a role in weakening alkalinity in detergents.

It can neutralize acidic dirt and turn it into hydrophilic dirt, and it also has the effect of preventing the formation of metal soap and free fatty acids in soap detergents.

2) Acid additives.

Acidic additives such as phosphoric acid can dissolve metal oxides and form an iron phosphate covering film on the surface of iron, which has the effect of preventing surface corrosion.

3) Reduce the surface tension of the surfactant solution.

For example, sodium silicate itself has almost no effect of reducing surfactant, but when it coexists with soap, it has an enhanced effect on reducing the surface tension of soap.

In the solution of alkylbenzene sulfonic acid-based surfactant, various inorganic salt additives can be added to reduce its surface tension under low concentration conditions.

4) The effect of additives on the formation of micelles in detergent solutions.

Due to the action of the micelle charge, the dirt can be adsorbed more effectively, and the critical concentration of the micelle is reduced, and the ability to disperse the dirt in the solution is enhanced.

5) I prevent reattachment by the dispersed dirt.

For example, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) can prevent the dispersed dirt from adhering to the fiber, because after the dirt is separated from the fiber surface, CMC replaces the dirt and adsorbs on the cleaned fiber surface, thus preventing the dirt from coming into contact with the fiber.

6) Softening hard water.

For example, sodium tripolyphosphate turns calcium salts and magnesium salts into soluble phosphates, thereby preventing the formation of metal soaps.

7) Closed integration of metal ions.

The presence of metal ions, especially iron ions, has a negative effect on the detergent effect, such as the addition of sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate salt (EDTA), which has a good sealing effect on metal ions.