What are the characteristics of aquatic plants and what are the types of aquatic plants

Characteristics of aquatic plants (cedars:) The water environment is very different from the terrestrial environment. The water environment has fluidity, gentle temperature changes, and light intensity.

Weak, low oxygen content and other characteristics. In the process of long-term evolution, aquatic plants have formed many morphological structures that are suitable for the water environment, so they can reproduce themselves and occupy a certain position in the whole plant group.

The light intensity of the water environment is weak, so the leaves of aquatic plants are usually thin, and some of the leaves are thin and filamentous or linear; Some are ribbon-shaped; Some leaves are broad, hyaline, chloroplasty.

It is distributed not only in mesophyll cells but also in the cells of the epidermis, and chloroplasts are able to move towards the photoface with the flow of protoplasm, which makes it possible to effectively use the weak light in water for photosynthesis.

The oxygen content in the water environment is less than 1 20 in the air, and in order to adapt to the anoxic environment, aquatic plants have a well-developed aeration system. The stomata of the lotus root leaf can enter the leaf through the oxygen in the air, and the oxygen concentration is higher than the oxygen concentration of the various organs of the lotus root, and the oxygen spreads to the ground through the ventilation tissue of the petiole in all directions, so as to ensure the normal respiration and metabolism of the underground organs. This type of ventilation system is open.

The aeration system of goldfish algae is closed, and the plant can store the carbon dioxide released during its own respiration.

It is used for the needs of photosynthesis, and at the same time, it can store the oxygen released by photosynthesis to meet the needs of respiration.

The somatic intercellular space of aquatic plants is large, and the huge cavities form a coherent system and are filled with air, which can not only meet the needs of life activities, but also regulate buoyancy.

Aquatic plants are readily available for water, so the vascular bundles of their conductive tissues all exhibit varying degrees of degeneration. The roots are generally underdeveloped, and the leaf surface is not thickened, waxy, or plugged. Sufficient water is a favorable condition for aquatic plants, but too much water can also have adverse consequences, so aquatic plants have drains, which can not only discharge excess water from the body, but also continuously obtain inorganic nutrients from the water body.

The size of many submerged plants varies with the depth of the water, for example, in 10 cm of water, it is only 10 cm tall and has very short internodes, but in 2 m of water, its plants can reach more than 2 m high. Plants are very adaptable to water depth.

Due to the abundance of water, the vegetative reproduction of aquatic plants plays an important role. Broken goldfish algae, water duckweed, etc. can grow into new plants, reeds.

The rhizomes of Helian can also produce new plants, some of which are propagated by special winter buds. Aquatic plants can also reproduce sexually.

The seeds and fruits of many aquatic plants are spread by flowing water. Such as seeds.

The fruit contains more seeds, and each seed is covered with two layers of well-developed and air-filled arils. When the pericarp rots, the seeds scatter and float on the surface of the water, drifting with the water until the aril is destroyed, then it loses its buoyancy and sinks to the bottom, overwinters in the mud, germinates and grows the next year, and develops in new areas.

Plants that can grow in water are collectively known as aquatic plants. Aquatic plants are excellent swimmers or divers. The leaves are soft and transparent, and some form filamentous, like goldfish algae.

The filamentous leaves can greatly increase the contact area with water, so that the leaves can maximize the light that can rarely be obtained in the water, absorb the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water, and ensure the progress of photosynthesis.

The types of aquatic plants are as follows:

1. Water plants: the stems and leaves are standing out of the water, and the plants are upright and straight. The roots or stems grow and develop in the mud. Most of them have stems and leaves, and the flowers are brightly colored, and they leave the water surface when they bloom.

Representatives of water-raising plants: yellow calamus, lotus, etc.

2. Floating-leaved plants: they grow in the underwater soil, their petioles are slender, the stems are weak and cannot stand upright, and the leaves float on the water. When flowering, they can not only absorb minerals in the water, but also use the leaves floating on the water surface to shade the sunlight entering the water, thereby inhibiting the growth of algae.

Floating-leaved plant representatives: gourd, water lily, water poppy, royal lotus, etc.

3. Submerged plants: It is rooted in the underwater soil, some stems are also born in the soil, and the whole plant is sunk under the water surface, in order to facilitate the gas exchange of plants under the conditions of extreme lack of underwater air, so the aeration tissues are particularly developed, and the leaves are mostly narrow or filamentous.

These plants are mostly algae, and they can grow normally in low light underwater. Water purification makes sense due to their ability to produce oxygen during the day, which helps to balance the chemical composition of the water body and promote the growth of fish.

Representatives of submerged plants: Grass, watermill, bitter grass, goldfish algae, eyeweed, etc.

4. Floating plants: that is, the stems and leaves float on the surface of the water or in the water, and the roots hang in the water to absorb nutrients but there is no fixed point to make the plant float. Floating plants are generally used in garden waterscapes to decorate water surfaces and courtyard pools.

Plant a few floating plants, and then stock a few goldfish, the environment is elegant and natural, and there is a cave.

Representatives of floating plants: Giant stalk, sea cauliflower, water grass, water hyacinth.

5. Wet plants: plants that live in meadows, rivers, lake shores and swamps like humid environments, cannot tolerate long-term lack of water, and are plants with low drought resistance.

Wet plants: canna, barracuda, wolf's tail.

1. The intercellular space of aquatic plants is particularly developed, and special aeration tissues are often developed to ensure that there is enough oxygen in the underwater part of the plant.

2. The leaf area of aquatic plants is usually increased, and the epidermis is weakly developed or, in some cases, there is almost no bright epidermis. There are no stomata on the epidermis of the leaves that are submerged in the water, while the stomata on the surface of the leaves floating on the water are often increased.

3. Due to long-term adaptation to the water environment, the mechanical tissues in the stems of plants living in still water or slow-flowing water bodies have almost completely disappeared. The development of the root system is very weak, and in some cases there are almost no roots, and it is mainly the leaves that are in the water that replace the absorption function of the roots.

4. A prominent feature of aquatic plants is that they have a very developed aeration tissue.

a.The ventilatory tissue is well developed.

b.The mechanical organization is well developed.

c.The foliar surface is small.

d.The root system is well developed.

Correct answer: Ventilatory tissue is high and talk is well developed.

Plants that can grow in water are collectively known as aquatic plants.

According to the lifestyle of aquatic plants, they can generally be divided into the following four categories: upright plants, floating leaf plants, submerged plants and laughing floating plants.

The upright aquatic plants are tall and have bright flowers, most of which are divided into stems and leaves; It stands upright, the lower part or base sinks into the water, the roots or stems grow in the mud, and the upper part of the plant sticks out of the water. The common ones are lotus, calamus, yellow calamus, shallot, flower-leaf reed, bamboo sedan chair, cattail, Ze Yuan, umbrella grass, reed, etc.

The rhizomes of floating-leaf aquatic plants are well developed, the flowers are large, the colors are bright, there is no obvious above-ground stem or the stem is weak and cannot stand upright, and the leaves float on the water surface. Common species include Zheng Xuhan water lily, Pingpeng grass, gourd, water chestnut and so on.

The rhizomes of submerged aquatic plants are born in the mud, and the whole plant is submerged in the water, which has a well-developed aeration tissue, which is conducive to gas exchange. The leaves are mostly narrow or filamentous, which can absorb some nutrients in the water, and can grow and develop normally under the condition of low light underwater. The flowers are small, the flowering period is short, and the foliage is the mainstay.

There are few species of floating aquatic plants, and the roots of such plants do not grow in the mud, and the plant body floats on the water surface, drifting around with the current, wind and waves, and most of them are mainly foliage-oriented.

1. Water-raising plants: common lotus, celandine, calamus, yellow calamus, shallot, Zaili flower, etc. 2. Floating-leaved plants:

Common ones include royal lotus, pinny grass, water lily, gourd, and wattle. 3. Floating plants: The plant body floats on the water surface, which is easy to become a pest in the water.

4. Submerged plants: all the plants are in the water, and there are common black algae, goldfish algae, etc. 5. Water-edge plants:

It is commonly found at the edge of pools. 6. Moisture-loving plants: not real aquatic plants, just like places with water.

1. Water-growing plants.

1. Usually the plant is tall, the flower color is gorgeous, upright and straight, the lower part or base sinks in the water, the roots or ground stems are rooted in the mud to grow, and the upper plant stands out of the water.

2. There are many types of books, such as lotus, celandine, calamus, yellow calamus, shallot, Zailihua, barracuda grass, flower leaf reed, bamboo, cattail, Ze Yuan, umbrella grass, reed, etc.

2. Floating-leaved plants.

1. Usually the rhizome is developed, the floating leaf plant has large flowers and bright colors, there is no obvious above-ground stem or the stem is weak and cannot stand upright, and the leaves float on the water surface.

2. Common floating-leaf plants include royal lotus, pinny grass, water lily, gourd, viburnum and so on.

3. Floating plants.

1. The plant is not born in the mud, the plant body floats on the water surface, generally mainly leaves, and reproduces rapidly, which is easy to become a pest in the water.

2. If water hyacinth is a floating plant, it is very difficult to remove such plants from large ponds.

Fourth, submerged plants.

1. The rhizome is born in the mud, and the plants are all sunk into the water, and the leaves are mostly narrow and leaky or filamentous, which can absorb some nutrients in the water, and can grow normally when the light is low.

2. This kind of plants are commonly known as black algae, goldfish algae, Malayan eye green, bitter grass, and weed.

5. Water-edge plants.

1. It is commonly found on the edge of the pool, and its varieties are varied, often used for ornamentation, and the water-edge plants will spread in pieces under natural conditions.

2. In small pools, it can be controlled by pruning, or it can be planted in flat-bottomed cultivation pots and placed directly in shallow water.

6. Moisture-loving plants.

1. It usually grows in moist soil along the edge of a pond or stream, but the roots cannot be submerged in water, and it is not a real aquatic plant, but it prefers places with water.

2. Common plants such as primroses, hostas and brides, in addition to woody plants such as willows and mangrove plants are also moisture-loving plants.

Tarano: Perennial aquatic herbaceous plant. Water lilies:

The petals are white and broadly lanceolate. Water hyacinth: A splanktonic herb that grows in ponds or ditches.

Water bamboo leaves: Grow on the edge of rice fields or in ponds. Reeds:

Wet, tall grass plants that grow in wetlands near rivers or ponds.

1. Taran

Calla is a perennial aquatic herbaceous plant, the cylindrical root system creeping growth, can grow up to 50 cm long, the stem nodes have fibrous roots, the leaves are lanceolate, the outer side of the Buddha flame bract is green, the inner color is white, the flowering time is in June and July.

2. Water lilies

Water lily, also known as meridian lily, is an aquatic herbaceous plant, the leaves are paper-heart-like oval, the petiole is up to 60 cm, the diameter of the flower is 3-5 cm, the petals are white and broadly lanceolate, the flowering time is from June to August, mainly growing in swamps.

3. Water hyacinth

Water hyacinth is a planktonic herbaceous plant, between 30-60 cm in height, the root system grows and sprouts, the leaves are clustered at the base, the shape is round or wide diamond-shaped, the color of the petals is purple-blue, the flowering time is from July to October, it grows in ponds or ditches.

4. Water bamboo leaves

The leaves of the water bamboo are perennial herbaceous plants of the duck plantar family, the stem nodes are horizontal and the distance between the nodes is about 6 cm, the leaves are bamboo-shaped, there is no petiole, the flowers are solitary on the branches, the color of the petals is pink, blue-purple, etc., mainly growing in rice fields or ponds.

5. Reeds

Phragmites australis is a wet tall grass plant, the rhizome grows well, the stalk grows straight, the height is between 1-3 meters, the shape of the leaf is lanceolate, there is a ring of short cilia on the edge, and the spikelet forms a large panicle, which generally grows in the wetlands by rivers or ponds.