How is oil extracted and how is it extracted?

Exploitation of seabed oilThe production process of seabed oil is generally divided into two stages: exploration and exploitation. The principles and methods of offshore exploration are basically the same as those of onshore exploration, and they are also divided into two steps: general awakening and investigation. The method is mainly based on geophysical exploration method and drilling exploration method, and its task is to find out the structure, oil-bearing area and reserves of oil and gas reservoirs.

The survey starts with geological survey and research, mainly through the search for oil and gas structures through **, strategy and magnetic survey methods. On the basis of geophysical analysis, we will use geophysical analysis to understand the distribution of submarine underground rock formations, the types of geological structures, oil and gas separation and stability, natural gas purification and treatment, light oil, sewage treatment, water injection and gas injection systems, mechanical oil recovery, natural gas compression, fire systems, oil storage and export systems, etc. The engineering measures for offshore drilling of production wells and oil and gas exploitation mainly include:

Artificial islands, mostly used in shallow water near the shore, are more economical. Fixed oil and gas production platform, in the form of pile platform (jacket platform), cable tower platform, strategic platform (steel disc concrete gravity platform). Floating oil and gas platforms:

Its forms are divided into: a removable floating platform (also known as movable platform), such as a seated platform (also known as a sinking floating platform), a jack-up platform, a semi-submersible platform and a ship-type platform (i.e., a drilling ship). b.

Floating platforms that do not migrate, such as tension platforms and articulated platforms. Subsea oil production device: The method of drilling underwater wellhead is used to install the wellhead on the seabed, and the extracted oil and gas are directly sent to the onshore or into the submarine oil and gas gathering facilities with pipelines.

Engineering facilities for the concentration, processing, transfer, storage and export of gas for exploitation and production: Platforms equipped with oil and gas gathering, processing, metering, power and compression equipment. Oil storage facilities, including offshore oil storage tanks, oil storage tanks and oil storage vessels.

Submarine oil and gas pipelines. Oil and gas terminals, including single-point moorings and conventional offshore terminals (fixed and floating). (Modern scientific knowledge, hot issues).

Oil is the most important raw material for industry and life, and we call it industrial blood, so where does it come from?

Let's take a look at how oil is extracted.

There are two main types of oil recovery methods: self-injection oil recovery and artificial lifting. In the process of oil well development, when the oil well is tested, the appropriate exploitation method will be selected according to the physical properties and pressure of the oil well.

In actual production, oil and gas can be self-injected to the surface of oil wells with good physical properties and high pressure, that is, self-injection oil production. In oil wells with poor physical properties and low pressure, when the ground layer energy is not enough to lift the oil and gas to the surface, the energy should be manually supplemented and lifted manually.

The self-injection production of oil wells generally goes through four flow processes:

1) ** Flow from the oil layer to the bottom of the well;

2) ascend from the bottom of the well along the wellbore to the wellhead;

3)**After reaching the wellhead, pass through the grease nozzle;

4) Flow along the ground pipeline to the separator and metering station.

1. Click View Information in the upper left corner of the game interface.

2. Click on Natural Resources in the information panel.

3. In the displayed natural resources, the distribution of various resources will be displayed, and the black one is the oil resource.

4. Build a road that goes directly to the resources, and keep an eye on the simple curves with a small amount of base, so that there will be no traffic jams, or directly build a high speed block.

5. Then divide the area.

6. Click Industry Specialization next to the Divide Zones panel.

7. Select the petrochemical industry, after which click on the area that has been divided to extract oil.

8. Then establish an industrial zone in the area to be mined.

9. Finally, when there is an industrial demand, an industrial zone will be automatically established to extract oil. <>

1. Drilling oil field drilling is a crucial step in discovering oil and gas fields, but drilling geological traps is the last step in discovering oil fields, mainly to verify whether there is oil and reserves in the discovered geological traps. It is also the first step in the process of oil extraction. 2. Drilling coring and borehole coring In the process of drilling, a special tool is used to remove rock samples from the underground formation.

This extracted columnar rock is called a core by oil workers. The most important work of drilling and coring in the process of oil extraction is to determine the coring section. In order to facilitate the analysis and comparison with the relevant data of the adjacent chain file wells, and ensure the accuracy of the depth of the reservoir or the required coring section, it is necessary to carry out drilling coring work.

Use borehole coring to obtain additional rock analysis samples to serve other geological tasks. So this can play a judgment role in the oil extraction process. 3. According to the judgment results of rock prudence and ingenuity, the most common drilling method is rotary drilling, and the drilling method derived from rotary drilling is called eddy current drilling and screw drilling.

A turbine is attached above the drill bit, and mud is pumped into the drill tool to push the drill bit to rotate at the bottom of the well, so that the entire column drilling tool does not rotate. 4. The process of oil production engineering is to lift oil and gas from the bottom of the well to the wellhead. At this time, the rise of oil and gas can be lifted by the self-injection of formation energy, and at the same time, it can also be lifted by artificial energy supplementation such as oil pumps and gas lifts.

Self-injection oil production is ideal on the road to oil well production, which is much simpler and cheaper than mechanical oil recovery and thermal oil recovery. However, only oil fields with good geological conditions and excellent properties and sufficient formation energy can self-injection oil production. We should pay attention to and cherish the management of self-blowing wells, and extend the self-blowing period of oil wells as much as possible.

Petroleum is used in a wide range. After oil is processed and refined, the products that can be obtained can be roughly divided into four categories:

1. Petroleum fuels.

Petroleum fuel is the most used retarding oil. According to its purpose and scope of use, it can be divided into the following five types:

1. Ignition engine fuel includes aviation gasoline, vehicle gasoline, etc.

2. Jet engine fuel (jet fuel) has aviation kerosene.

3. Compression-ignition engine fuel (diesel engine fuel) There are high-speed, medium-speed and low-speed diesel.

4. Liquefied petroleum gas fuel is liquid hydrocarbon.

5. Boiler fuel: Fuel oil for furnaces and fuel oil for ships.

2. Lubricating oils and greases.

Lubricants and greases are used to reduce friction between parts, protect parts to extend their service life and save power. They account for only about 5 per cent of all petroleum products, but they are diverse.

3. Wax, bitumen and petroleum coke.

They are further processed from the production of fuels and lubricants, which are measured at about a few percent of the processed**.

4. Solvents and petrochemicals.

The latter is an important basic raw material and intermediate in the organic synthesis industry.

Theoretically, oil will not be extracted. Petroleum refers to a mixture of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons with a natural occurrence. Petroleum is divided into the forms of **, natural gas, natural gas liquid and natural tar, but it is customary to use "oil" as the definition of "**".

The former is widely accepted, believing that oil is formed by organisms in ancient oceans or lakes after a long period of evolution, which belongs to biological sedimentation to oil and is non-renewable. The latter believes that oil is generated from the carbon within the earth's crust itself, is biologically independent, and is renewable.

Petroleum is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, and is also a raw material for many chemical industry products such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics.

Mine is - oil will not drain. Surely someone will say that I am talking nonsense, as we all know, oil is a non-renewable resource, since it is not renewable, sooner or later it will be used up one day, how can it not be drained?

For example, if you have a large warehouse full of delicious pine nuts (take pine nuts for example because I love them, haha), you can eat them for free, but after eating, you have to throw the shells directly into the warehouse and ask how long it will take for the pine nuts to be eaten. On the surface, pine nuts are limited, and they will be eaten one day, but in reality, they are not. At first, there were fewer shells and more pine nuts, and it was easy to find something to eat, but later there were more and more shells, and there were fewer and fewer pine nuts.

If this continues, there will definitely be fish that slip through the net, and this is the secret that pine nuts will never run out, and the same goes for oil.

There is a cost to oil extraction, and in the beginning the cost is very low, and people can extract a lot of oil more easily. As oil is gradually used, there is less and less oil left, and the difficulty and cost of extraction are becoming more and more difficult, and eventually there will be a tipping point where the cost of extracting oil exceeds the benefits, and people will stop using oil. Even before the day comes, people will abandon the extraction of oil by using alternative resources.

Some people say that the economy is not finished without oil, and how much equipment runs on oil. Before the invention of papermaking, people were worried about the fact that there were more and more books and that there would be not enough bamboo. With the rapid development of technology, there are more and more resources that can be developed, so there is no need to worry about finding alternative resources.

Take a large number of cars that use more oil as an example, new energy vehicles are currently being promoted, and many countries have even launched a timetable for the withdrawal of fuel vehicles. At present, new energy vehicles are mainly lithium batteries, and electricity is used to replace oil. New energy vehicles equipped with hydrogen fuel cells have been successfully developed, but have not yet been mass-produced, after the technology is mature and promoted, due to the high efficiency of hydrogen fuel energy utilization, no pollution, excrement only heat and water, is expected to become a new generation of new energy vehicles.

In addition, solid-state batteries and other batteries that charge quickly and have good safety are in the research and development stage, so it can be said that there are still many alternative resources for petroleum in automobiles.

Just as many people now understand that the value of diamonds is primarily the result of commercial propaganda, so is the theory of the oil crisis. We only need to seriously consider the theory of oil formation, most people say that the formation of oil is the theory of biological oil formation in textbooks, simply put, plants form coal, and animals form oil. However, if you think about it the other way around, can modern laboratories complete experiments on turning animals into oil in the first place?

No! Even if it is possible, huge Middle Eastern oil depots, how many animals at almost the same time, in almost the same place, commit mass suicide, collectively buried to a certain depth, under certain temperature conditions, to form. What an incredible natural experiment this would be!

Speaking of which, the other theory is easy to understand. In fact, "" shows that there are two theories about the formation of oil, one is the theory of biological oil, and the other is the theory of abiotic oil. The theory of abiotic oil formation explains it this way:

Astronomer Thomas Gold developed on the basis of the theories of Russian petroleum geologist Nikolai Kudryavchev. This theory is that there is already a lot of carbon within the earth's crust, and some of this carbon naturally exists in the form of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are lighter than water in rock crevices and therefore permeate upwards along rock crevices.

Biomarkers in petroleum are caused by heat-loving microorganisms that live in rocks. Nothing to do with the oil itself. This theory is supported by only a few geologists and is generally used to explain unexplained oil inflows from some oil fields, although this phenomenon rarely occurs.

Note the three sentences, "on the basis of the theory of Nikolai Kudryavchev in Russia", "supported by a minority", and "generally used to explain. But this phenomenon rarely happens." Kudryavchev is actually a Soviet expert, after the founding of the Soviet Union, in order to break the blockade of capitalist countries, began to comprehensively build its own scientific theory system, including the theory of abiotic oil, many oil fields in the Soviet Union are the product of this theory, according to this doctrine, oil ** in the mantle, can be exploited for about 2000 years.

As for why the Soviet Union did not advertise this, the reasons for this are complicated, and I will leave it alone for the time being. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Soviet theoretical system was also neglected. The point is that this theory is not good for the oil tycoons, not good for the international capital in the cloak of environmental protection supported by the carbon theory, and not good for the huge interest groups supported by "black gold".

Just as the Apollo moon landing was fake, many of the so-called great sciences are just false propositions of interest groups! <>

Although science cannot give a definite answer to the cause of the formation of oil, as the most important fossil energy in the world, oil affects all aspects of human activities from production to life. So the question is, what if oil is not a renewable energy source in the short term, if it is squeezed dry?

Some scientists have pointed out that according to the current demand for oil by human beings, the world's oil reserves are enough for mankind to "squander" for hundreds of years. Will humanity be saying goodbye to oil in a few hundred years?

Of course not, economists may be more plausible in the case of oil depletion.

First of all, the development of human society is dynamic, when the oil reserves are getting smaller and smaller, the extraction is becoming more and more difficult, and the cost is getting higher and higher, investors will definitely start to try to use new alternative energy sources in order to obtain high returns. For example, if a person is placed in a room full of pistachios, he can pick up the pistachios and eat them effortlessly at first, and after a while, he may only get the peel every time he tries to pick up the pistachios, and when he picks them a hundred times and only once he gets the pistachio, he will no longer bother looking for that pistachio, but will go out of the room and look for other food.

Secondly, as humans continue to use oil, so does the technology associated with it. From the 70s of the last century to the present day of the 21st century, the means of oil development, refining technology and utilization rate have undergone several technological upgrades. For example, some people have said that the oil industry has developed so far that it can be said that the lowest and best fruits on the tree have been picked, and the length of the ladder will need to be increased in the future.

In recent years, shale oil, which has had a great impact on the traditional oil industry, is a good illustration of this.

In fact, from the use of new energy sources such as natural gas, solar energy, wind energy, and electric energy, it can be seen that human beings have been constantly planning new paths for themselves. This process is not deliberately arranged by anyone, it is the spontaneous behavior of the market, the objective law of economic development, just like an invisible hand, coordinating all aspects of human life.