What are the chemical components of petroleum and what are the chemical components in petroleum?

It is a mixture of several substances. The chemical elements it contains are mainly carbon and hydrogen, of which carbon accounts for 83% 87%, hydrogen accounts for 11% 14%, and other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, a total of only 1%. Various substances in petroleum differ in molecular size and structure, forming a wide variety of hydrocarbons.

These hydrocarbons are a class of organic compounds.

Oil and gas is a mixture of chemical compounds mainly composed of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), and is a liquid and gaseous combustible mineral that occurs in the pores of underground rocks. By mass, carbon accounts for about 83-87% and hydrogen about 12-14%. Combined, these two elements account for about 97%-99% of the total amount of oil!

In the remaining 1%-3%, there are sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and very small amounts of phosphorus, vanadium, potassium, nickel, silicon, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium and other elements. However, it is this trace element that forms a large number of non-hydrocarbon compounds.

Carbon is a chemical element like no other. Other chemical elements combine with hydrogen to form only one or two compounds. For example:

HCl, H2S, H2O, H2O2, etc. Carbon is different. Carbon is everywhere in the world.

Bread and potatoes contain carbon, meat, fish, sugar are all made up of carbon compounds, and our human bodies are basically made up of carbon. There are as many as 3 million compounds composed of carbon, forming a complex discipline called organic chemistry; There are only about 50,000 kinds of compounds composed of other elements, and the discipline formed is called inorganic chemistry.

Non-hydrocarbon compounds.

Non-hydrocarbon compounds in petroleum refer to a large group of compounds that contain sulfur or nitrogen or oxygen, or metal atoms (mainly vanadium and nickel) in addition to the two main elements C and H. The amount of these elements in petroleum is not much, but there are many compounds containing these elements, sometimes up to 30% of the weight of the residue of the stone cover. Among them, they are mainly compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen.

Sulfur-containing compounds.

Sulfur is the third most important element after carbon and hydrogen, and sulfur-containing compounds are also the most common. At present, nearly 100 kinds of sulfur-containing compounds have been identified in petroleum, mostly in the form of mercaptans, thioethers, sulfides (H2S) and thiophenes (sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds, which are abundant in heavy oil.

Nitrogenous compounds.

Nitrogen-containing compounds in petroleum are rare, and the average content is less than that. At present, there are more than 30 kinds of nitrogen-containing compounds isolated from petroleum, mainly in the form of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. It can be divided into two groups, one group is basic compounds, including pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine and porphyrin, indole, carbazole and their homologues.

Among them, metal porphyrin compounds containing vanadium and nickel are the most important.

The porphyrin compounds in ** were first discovered by Trebs (1934). It includes primary porphyrins and deoxyrosa primary porphyrins, and proposes that porphyrins in petroleum are converted from chlorophyll in plants and heme chloride in animals. This discovery provides strong evidence for the theory of organic genesis of petroleum, and has attracted widespread attention and attention.

At present, the research on porphyrins has been gradually deepened and many types have been discovered. Porphyrins are nitrogenous compounds with four pyrrole nuclei as the basic structure and connected by the Jiachuan Bridge, also known as organ group compounds. In petroleum, porphyrins often form complexes with metal elements such as vanadium and nickel, so they are also called organometallized (complex) complexes, and their basic structure is very similar to the structure of chlorophyll.

However, not all of them contain porphyrins, and a significant number of them do not contain or only trace amounts. Generally, the ** porphyrins formed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata are more, while the Paleozoic strata contain little or no porphyrins. This may be related to the poor stability of porphyrins.

Under high caution (250) or oxidation conditions, porphyrins will undergo ring-opening cleavage and destruction.

In addition, the porphyrin type in ** is also closely related to the sedimentary environment, with marine oil rich in vanadium porphyrins and continental oil rich in nickel porphyrins.

Oxygenated compounds.

More than 50 oxygenates have been identified in petroleum. These include organic acids, phenols, and ketones. Among them, the main organic acids related to acid functional group-COOH are fatty acids of C1-24, naphthenic acid of C5-10, and isoprenyl acid of C10-15.

The organic acids and phenols (acidic) in petroleum are collectively referred to as Shikuanshen oleic acid, of which naphthenic acid is the most, accounting for 95% of petroleum acid, mainly five acids and six acids. Naphthenic acids are found in almost all petroleums, but the content varies greatly between. Naphthenic acid is easy to react with alkali metals to form naphthenate, which is particularly soluble in water.

Therefore, the presence of naphthenates in groundwater is one of the signs of oil searching.

1. Petroleum refers to a mixture of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons, which has a natural production state. Petroleum is divided into the forms of **, natural gas, natural gas liquid and natural tar, but it is customary to use "oil" as the definition of "original Huihuai early oil". Leaky Sparrow.

2. Petroleum is a viscous, dark brown liquid known as the "blood of industry". There are oil reserves in parts of the upper crust. The main ingredient is a mixture of various alkanes, naphthenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is one of the main objects of geological exploration.