What are the countermeasures when planting yam and encountering insect infestation?

In yam planting, plants belong to the vine class, with many leaves, which are more susceptible to pests, and cotton red spider is the most common pest in yam planting. In the process of yam cultivation, cotton red spiders are found to be controlled as soon as possible. Because this is a clan breeding, the reproduction rate is very fast, it can reproduce until it is more than 10 years old, and it takes about 10 days from the initial period to the pre-war spread, which will harm the whole yam plant, lose the leaves of the plant, lose photosynthesis, wilt and die, and eventually it is impossible to reduce the yield or harvest the planted yam.

The cotton spider is a global pest with a wide distribution range and is one of the most common and serious pests in various places.

The harm of cotton red spider to yam is mainly larval mites, medicine insects, adult mites, soft webs are pasted on both sides of the main vein on the back of yam leaves, and the mite colonies lurk under the web, sucking leaf juice, and the yellow-white-green spots appear in the early stage of yam leaves, and the whole leaf turns yellow, turns red again, and falls off quickly. The leaves turn yellow as a whole and dry to form a "drying rack", commonly known as "dragon". The infested yam plants spread from the bottom up, and the early yam plants were most commonly found with cotton-red spider pests.

Hot and dry weather is best for spider mites to breed. The optimal temperature of spider mites was 29C 31C, and the optimal relative humidity was 35% to 55%. When the temperature exceeds 34 and the humidity exceeds 70%, the reproduction of cotton red spider is inhibited, and rainfall, especially heavy rain, can significantly inhibit the occurrence of cotton red spider.

The cotton-red spider sucks the juice from the back of the leaf, the leaf turns blue, and yellow spots, red spots, and cork spots appear, and the leaves wilt when the loss is severe, and the plant withers and dies. It spreads in the wind by climbing or silk drooping, spreading in all directions. The cotton spider is highly fertile and fast.

2. The reason for the appearance of cotton red spider 3360

The abundance of cotton spiders has a lot to do with the weather and the way crops are cultivated. When there is a prolonged drought or heavy rain for a long time, many cotton-red spiders appear. Crops with many weeds and unreasonable sleeves are prone to red spiders.

For spider mites, it develops at an optimal temperature of 29C 31C and an optimal relative humidity of 35% to 55%. When the temperature exceeds 34% and the humidity exceeds 70%, the reproduction of cotton spider is inhibited, so the reproduction can be controlled by controlling the temperature. Rainfall, especially heavy rainfall, can significantly inhibit the occurrence of cotton red spiders.

Plant-specific pest control agents should be used and sprayed evenly on plant leaves. Do not use water while taking the drug, otherwise it will reduce the efficacy. Fertilization and water control in the cultivation process should be scientific and reasonable to effectively prevent insect pests.

Choose disease-resistant varieties, rotate crops, apply organic fertilizers, loosen the soil, maintain soil fertility, and eradicate weeds in the field.

Plant-specific insect repellent should be used and evenly sprayed on the leaves of the plant, and no watering should be done during the medication, otherwise the efficacy of the drug will be reduced. During the breeding period, it should be scientifically and reasonably fertilized to control water and effectively prevent plant diseases and pests.

If you encounter insect pests, you can use quicklime to kill insect pests, and then you should clean up the weeds in the field to prevent the breeding of pests and diseases, and also pay attention to the amount of watering, do not water too much to cause water accumulation, but also pay attention to the ventilation between plants, pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, so that the yam will not suffer too much loss.

Rotten leaves should be pruned off and pesticides should be sprayed in a timely manner. Top dressing is carried out regularly. Also be careful not to water too much. Don't let the environment get too humid. It should also be sprayed in time to control pests and diseases.

First of all, it is necessary to spray pesticides in time, and we must pay attention to temperature and humidity, and then we must do a good job of drainage when watering, and we also need to choose high-quality varieties, and then we also need to fertilize in time.

At this time, you can loosen the soil, at this time you can also apply more chemical fertilizers to increase its resistance, and then you can also spray some chemicals or pesticides. At this time, it is also necessary to water more, and then also observe its dynamics.

Anthrax mainly affects the leaves, stems and vines of yams. Brown depressions appear at first, and then turn dark brown. If the disease is severe, the plant will also die directly.

Prevention method: In order to improve the disease resistance of yam, crop rotation can be realized, burning diseased residues, digging deep into the soil, reducing the harm of pathogens, increasing the application of organic fertilizer, and applying less nitrogen, which can improve the disease resistance of plants. After the onset of the disease, 500 times of 58% nail cream, spirit, manganese, zinc wettable powder will be sprinkled every 7 10 days, and 800 1000 times of 25% Tomei wettable powder will be sprinkled each time.

<> control method: It can be rotated with wheat, sweet potato, potato and other crops for 3 years. In addition, soaking diseased plants with TMK before sowing has a good effect on disease prevention.

Brown spot disease is mainly harmful to leaves. In the early stages, the lower leaves will have yellow or yellowish-white spots with inconspicuous edges, with a light brown tinge. The leaves die like that, and the mycelium spreads.

Prevention and control methods: reasonable crop rotation, cleaning and burning damaged branches, cutting off diseased leaves after disease, using 75% 100 times of bacterial body damp powder 600 times liquid or 50% carbendazim wet powder 600 times liquid control, the effect is very good. The main pest control of yam is control.

The selection of disease-resistant varieties by yam cultivators is an effective countermeasure to prevent yam diseases and pests. In addition, it can also reduce or prevent the rot of sweet potato stems and the damage of root-knot nematodes. The implementation of water-drought rotation suggests that the control effect is more significant.

In the process of growth and development of yam, if nitrogen fertilizer is used excessively, the growth of **, stems and leaves is easy to be excessive, and it is easy to be invaded by pathogenic bacteria and reduce production. The principle of yam watering is that in order not to cause drought, it is necessary to pass through water, do not let water accumulate in the fields, and carry out drainage management frequently during the rainy season to avoid yam rotting.

The season of high temperature and rain develops rapidly, and the inside of the stem is damaged and rotted. Crop rotation should be implemented for transplanting heads to avoid continuous stubble. Spray once every two weeks in the first 2 to 3 times.

The larvae of cicadas are the main pests, and the yam is treated with soil before production, and a mixture of new Orin and fine soil is selected for control. Yam cultivators use well-decomposed organic fertilizers when preparing the land, and when they use microfertilizers such as organic nutrients, phosphorus, and potassium during top dressing, they become more resistant to pathogens. During the growth of long taro, the leaf stems are removed in the later stage to inhibit the re-infection of pathogenic bacteria.

Anthrax is a very common disease in life, with a lot of small yellow or white spots. Fujii wilting will appear. And brown spot disease is very likely.

There will be small black particles, and they will continue to spread, they will become brown, and eventually they may wither and die.

First of all, before planting, we must choose high-quality yam seedlings that are resistant to diseases and pests. And when planting, it is necessary to loosen the soil regularly and fertilize regularly. Improves soil fertility.

And deworming is done regularly. Maintain the ecology of the field. And pesticide spraying should be carried out regularly.

Effectively reduce yam pests and diseases. Let the production of yams increase.

Anthrax is a rarity in life, and it has a lot of small spots of color or white. Fujii wilting appears. Brown spots are also very likely. There are small black particles, and they are constantly dispersed, turning brown, and may wither and die.

When it is found that there are pests and diseases, it should be sprayed with pesticides in time to eliminate pests and diseases, regular watering and fertilization, to ensure adequate nutrition, loose soil, to ensure the permeability of the soil, temperature and humidity to be appropriate, and to find professional and technical personnel to strengthen management.

You can buy some planting books to find out the methods of pest control, generally choose to spray some pesticides, prune the branches that have been diseased, and pay attention to spraying pesticides in the early stage, and replenish nutrition and water in time.

In the case of anthrax, it mainly harms the leaf line and stem parts of yams, and the small disease spots will gradually spread into irregular spots, so diseases and pests should be prevented in time.

Anthrax mainly affects the leaves and stems of yams, and the small species appear brown depressions at the beginning of the disease, and then turn dark brown. When the disease is severe, it directly leads to the death of the plant. Prevention and control methods:

In order to improve the disease resistance of yam, crop rotation can be realized, disease residues can be burned, the soil can be turned deeply, the harm of pathogens can be reduced, the application of organic fertilizer can be increased, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the disease resistance of plants. After the onset of the disease, spray 500 times of 58% manganese-zinc wettable powder and 800-1000 times of 25% multi-mimic wettable powder twice every 7-10 days. Erythema is caused by nematodes and mainly damages the tuber roots of yams.

Reddish-brown round spots appear in the early stages of the disease, and later they become brown dry rot.

Control method: It can be rotated with wheat, sweet potato, potato and other crops for 3 years. In addition, before sowing, soaking diseased plants with TMK has a good effect on disease prevention.

Brown spot disease mainly damages leaves. In the early stages of the disease, yellow or yellowish-white spots with inconspicuous edges are produced on the lower leaves, and the middle is light brown. In the later stage, the leaves will die directly, and the hyphae will spread.

Prevention and control methods: reasonable crop rotation, clean up damaged branches and incinerate, cut off diseased leaves after illness, and use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600 times liquid for prevention and control, the effect is very good. The control of yam diseases and insect pests is mainly based on control.

The selection of disease-resistant varieties by yam growers is an effective measure to prevent yam pests and diseases. At the same time, reasonable crop rotation can also reduce or prevent the harm of yam stem rot and root-knot nematode. It is suggested that the water-drought rotation should be implemented, and the control effect should be more significant.

If too much nitrogen fertilizer is used in the growth and development of yam, it is easy to lead to excessive growth of plants, young stems and leaves, and it is easy to be attacked by pathogens and reduce the occurrence. The principle of yam watering is not drought, it must be watered thoroughly, there should be no stagnant water in the field, and drainage management should be done in time in the rainy season to prevent yam from rotting roots. The main disease of yam is root rot.

The main symptom is damage to the underground stem of the yam. When the stem is damaged, small spots appear like water stains and then gradually develop into dark brown spots.

The disease develops rapidly during the hot and rainy season, and the inside of the yam stem is damaged and then decays. Crop rotation should be implemented at the planting head to avoid continuous cropping. At the beginning of the disease, chlorothalonil is sprayed 2-3 times every two weeks.

The main pest is grubs, and growers can treat the soil before yam production, choose phosphine to mix evenly with fine soil and sprinkle it into the ridges for control. Yam growers should apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer when preparing the land, and it is recommended to apply micro-fertilizer containing organic nutrients, phosphorus and potassium when topdressing, which is more conducive to enhancing the ability of yam to resist pathogenic bacteria. In the middle and late stages of yam growth, the leaves and stems of diseased yam plants should be removed in time to reduce the reinfection of pathogenic bacteria.

When yam is harvested, the carcasses, weeds, and rotten stems on the ground should be burned or taken to the planting plot for deep burial to reduce overwintering pathogens.

In order to improve the disease resistance of yam to achieve crop rotation, burn diseased residues, turn the soil deeply, reduce the harm of pathogens, and increase the use of organic fertilizer, less nitrogen fertilizer can improve the disease resistance of plants.

The selection of disease-resistant varieties is an effective way to control yam diseases and insect pests. Crop rotation can reduce or avoid yam stem rot and root-knot nematode damage. The implementation of water-drought rotation has a better control effect.

Land preparation can directly eliminate pathogenic bacteria that overwinter in the soil. Fertilization and irrigation of yam are fertilizer-loving crops, and sufficient organic fertilizer must be applied when preparing the land.

Agricultural control. For example, choosing disease-resistant varieties of yam is an effective method, or crop rotation can also reduce the damage of pests and diseases.

Chemical control. After yam infection, spray to restore health or stop the spread of the disease.

Crop rotation with corn, wheat, radish, watermelon and other crops that are not infected at least once every 3 years. Choose high-dry, low-humidity, fertile and loose sandy loam soil for autumn land preparation.

Yam is a common vegetable with a high nutritional content and has become very popular in the market in recent years. At this stage, the key to planting yam is in the sandy loam fields of shallow hilly terrain and river flats in southern Shaanxi, but with the continuous development of the total area of yam planting, the disease is also very serious. The yam diseases and prevention measures I have sorted out below are shared with everyone.

Yams are commonly pests and diseases.

1. Needleworm, mole cricket, grub yam is also called diosces, in the whole process of planting, it is very easy to start a variety of pests and diseases, such as needleworm, mole cricket, grub these three kinds. They burrow many holes in the root rhizomes of the potatoes, sometimes hiding them dormant in the rhizomes. Needleworm itself has a layer of membrane, and the drug is not easy to penetrate into its body to kill, so it is good to be a chronic poison in the stomach.

Control methods: (1) The land can be subsoiled before winter, at least 25-30 cm deep, which can turn the adults and larvae that have passed the winter to the ground, so that they can die of cold, sunburn or be foraged by nemesis.

2) It can be fertilized, because the organic fertilizer of manure can change the ventilation and water absorption performance of the soil, so that the growth and development of crops can be healthy, and the disease resistance and insect resistance can be improved. Crop rotation is also a powerful countermeasure to prevent disease and moth, and it is generally good to rotate crops once every 3-4 years.

2. Nematode disease is a major disease of the rhizome of dioscaria.

Prevention and control methods: In addition to marketing and promotion of open hole planting, crop rotation should be advocated for more than 3 years, and the insecticide should be evenly sprinkled in a 10 cm deep planting furrow before planting, and 10% thiazolphosphine should be used.

1. Charcoal maggot diseaseThe leaves of dioramia dioramia are a little yellowish and small in the early stage of charcoal maggot disease, and then expand into irregular lesions, the edges are dark brown, the management center spreads black spots, and some lesions are broken in the middle and late stages. The conidia and conidia of the pathogenic bacteria spend the winter on the diseased leaves, and the disease is more serious from June to August, and the main stem often turns yellow and withered leaves. Prevention and control methods:

When obtained in winter, eliminate the residual leaves of diseased plants, usually do a good job of sewage ditch, reduce the environmental humidity in the field, and carry out prevention and control with 45% prochloraz in the early stage of the disease.

2. Brown spot disease: Dioscorea brown spot disease, also known as "branch disease", is the key disease of dioscores. In the early stage of the disease, it causes pale yellow or reddish-brown lesions on the lower leaves, and the edges are not obvious, and the periphery of the lesions becomes dark brown and slightly prominent in the middle and late stages, and a part of the management center is light brown, scattered gray-black hard granules, and sometimes cracked holes. When the total number of lesions is large, a whole leaf can turn brown and wither.

The fungus or conidia is attached to the victim for the winter, and the cells are produced after the early spring of the second year, which are spread by the wind and rain. Generally, it occurs gradually in mid to late July, and the damage is more serious in August, and it is very easy to develop in wet and cold and rainy conditions. Prevention and control methods:

Implement crop rotation. Clean up the idyllic scenery and solve the source of winter fungus. Immediately after the onset of the disease, cut off the diseased leaves, and then spray 65% zebsen, spray once every 7 days, spray 2-3 times in a row, can have a very good actual effect of prevention and control.