The pronunciation of initials and finals, what is the pinyin of initials and finals?

In view of the problem that individual students do not know how to read phonics, the phonics is not accurate, and the phonics is slow, I write out the essentials of phonics, and parents can choose the method suitable for their children to guide them, and strive to pass the pinyin test as soon as possible, and the whole class will go hand in hand.

When phonics, the initials should be read lightly and shortly, the finals should be read heavy and loud, and the initials and finals should be read quickly into syllables. It is made into a smooth mouth: the front note is light and short, the back note is heavy, and the two notes are connected and touched violently.

It is more abstract to say, but it is mainly practice, and children should practice phonics more, feel the process of phonics, and clarify the essentials of phonics syllables. In fact, it is a process of feeling, and once the feeling is found, the child will easily spell it out. For some children with phonics difficulties, there is a small method, such as "ba", you can read "b" and "a" all the time, repeat it several times and gradually increase the speed, with the increase in the number of times and the speed of acceleration, it will naturally make the sound of "ba", then encourage the child, let the child feel that phonics is very interesting.

Parents can let their children repeatedly use the pinyin method and their own summary of phonics formulas, and carry out a large number of multi-form reinforcement exercises, so that children can experience the rules of phonics and master the essentials of phonics. The content of the exercises should be in line with Hanyu Pinyin.

The rules of phonics. For example, b p m f can be used with single finals.

A o u can be spelled, b p m can be spelled with a single vowel i, but f cannot be spelled with i, b p f cannot be spelled with e, etc. Parents who are not sure about this, do not blindly come up with some unscientific alphabet phonics, should focus on textbooks, so that the syllables that appear in the textbooks can be spelled and practiced. In addition, the practice in life should not be underestimated.

For example, when writing homework, let the child try to spell out the syllables such as "book", "homework", "pen", etc., and can also be silently trained, parents take out a thing at will, let the child write the syllables of the item in the exercise book, and let the child spell what new things are encountered in life.

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The full list of initials and finals is as follows:

<> 24 Chinese Pinyin initials are: a, o, e, i, u, ü, ai, ei, ui, ao, ou, iu, ie, üe, er, an, en, in, un, ün, ang, eng, ing, ong.

The 23 initials of Chinese pinyin are: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s, y, w.

The 16 syllables recognized in Hanyu Pinyin are: zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si, yi, wu, yu, ye, yue, yin, yun, yuan, ying.

Precautions for pronunciation of Hanyu Pinyin

The i sound is similar to the y sound and the u sound is similar to the w sound, except that i and u are finals, and the finals are pronounced louder; Y and W are initials, and the initials are pronounced lightly and quickly.

ye (leaf), pronounced as ie, ye cannot be spelled, can only be read whole; yue (月), pronounced üe, like ye, cannot be spelled, can only be read whole.

yi, yin, ying, wu are pronounced as i, in, ing, u; yu, yue, yun, and yuan are pronounced as ü, e, ün, and üan, respectively.

j, q, x, y are not followed by u, only v, and two points are removed, ju, qu, xu, yu.

When marking the tone, there is a mark, a does not have a mark, o or e, and i and u are marked in the last one when they are together.

1. Initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s, y, w

2. Finals table: a, o, e, i, u, v, ai, ei, ui, ao, ou, iu, ie, ve, er, an, en, in un, vn, ang, eng, ing, ong

3. Recognize syllables as a whole.

zhi 、chi、shi、ri、zi、ci、si、yi、wu、yu、ye、yue、yuan、yin 、yun、ying

Extended content: Pinyin tones:

1. The first tone, (Yin Ping, or Flat Tone, (Tone 55 (Gao Ping) 2, the second tone, (Yang Ping, or rising tone, (Tone value 35 (high rise) 3, the third tone, (upper tone, or folded tone, (Tone value 214 (falling up 4, Fourth tone, (going to sound, or falling tone, (Tone value 51 (full fall).)

Initials: shēng mǔ yùn mǔ.

Initials (23): b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, r, car z, c, s, y, w. Finals (24):

6 single vowels: a, o, e, i, u, ü; 9 complex finals: ai, ei, ui, ao, ou, iu, ie, üe, er; 5 anterior nasal vowels:

an、en、in、un、ün；4 post-nasal vowels: ang, eng, ing, ong.

Overall pronunciation of syllables (16): zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si, yi, wu, yu, ye, yue, yin, yun, yuan, ying.

Error-prone knowledge points:

There are only 16 syllables to recognize as a whole, so don't mistake yan, you, wo, ya, er, etc. for the whole syllable. Where the tone is prone to error: The second tone is easily confused with the third tone, especially in syllable words, the third tone is marked as the second tone.

The polyphonic closure makes it easy to mark the wrong position of the tone in the vowel and syllables, and it is necessary to keep in mind the rules of standard tone: if there is a, do not let go, and if there is no a, find o, e; i, u are marked at the end.

j,q,x only spell with u, not spell with u j,q,x and u together, the two points on u should be removed, such as ju, qu, xu, jue, que, xue, juan, quan, xuan are all the ü with two points removed. Write u in these syllables, and remember to write ü when staring at the number. Also remember that the u in yu, yue, yun, and yuan is actually the ü with two points removed.

There are 21 initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s

The 24 single finals are A, O, E, I, U, and VThe vowels are ai, ei, ui, ao, ou, iu, ie, ve, er, an, en, in, un, vn, ang, eng, ing, ong

The tonal annotation rules of Hanyu Pinyin: a o e i u ü The standard tone is in the order of shu, i and u appear at the same time, and the rhyme of the state is touched by the head of the mark, and the dot is removed when ü touches j q x y. As long as there is a in the finals, it is marked on a, and if there is no a, find o e, give o if there is o, and give e if there is no o.

1. Initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, x, zh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s, y, w

2. Finals table: a, o, e, i, u, v, ai, ei, ui, ao, ou, iu, ie, ve, er, an, en, in un, vn, ang, eng, ing, ong

3. Recognize syllables as a whole: zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si, yi, wu, yu, ye, yue, yuan, yin, yun, ying

Pinyin initials and finals are as follows:

Initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, h, j, q, xzh, ch, sh, r, z, c, s, y, w. Finals:

Single vowel: a, o, e, i, u chixiao). Compound vowel:

ai, ei, ui, ao, ou, iu, ie, üe, er (9) Nasal vowels: an, en, in, un, ün (posterior nasal) ang, eng, ing, ong.

The difference between initials and finals

The initials are the consonants at the beginning of the syllable, which together with the finals form a complete syllable. For example, the initial of "big" is d, and the initial of "small" is x.

Some syllables begin with vowels without initials, such as ann (ān) and goose (é), which are also called "zero initials" syllables.

There are 21 initials in Mandarin Chinese. They are B, P, M, F, D, T, N, L, G, K, H, J, Q, X, ZH, CH, SH, R, Z, C, S. "Finals" are the parts that follow the initials in the Chinese syllables, such as the e in "歌" (gē), the ie in "sister" (jiě), and the uang in "huang" (huáng).

The vowel is composed of three parts: the beginning of the rhyme (the preposition), the rhyme (the main vowel), and the rhyme ending.

According to the structure of the finals, it can be divided into three categories: single and friendly finals, compound finals and nasal finals. Single vowels are composed of single vowels, such as: a, o, e, i, u, u.

Compound vowels are finals composed of compound vowels, such as: ai, ei, ao, ou, uai, uei, etc. Nasal vowels are finals that end with nasal consonants "n" or "ng", such as:

an, en, uan, ang, eng, iang, etc.

Data Extensions

Pinyin is the official promulgation of the People's Republic of China Chinese character phonetic Latinization program, which was studied and formulated by the Chinese Pinyin Program Committee of the former Chinese Character Reform Committee (now the State Language Commission) during the 1955-1957 character reform. The pinyin scheme is mainly used for the annotation of Mandarin Chinese pronunciation, as a kind of Mandarin phonetic transcription of Chinese characters. The National People's Congress of 11 February 1958 approved the promulgation of the programme.