Why did commerce shake feudal rule at that time?

The development of the commodity economy will change the nature of society, so the feudal society regards business as a relatively obscene occupation. This is also to suppress businessmen from the perspective of values.

Commercial development requires the protection of private property, which is in serious opposition to the whole world. In particular, the threat to the semi-feudal slavery regime established by ethnic minorities was even greater.

The economic base determines the superstructure, the feudal natural economy leads to the power of the landlord class, and the capitalist economy determines the new bourgeoisie to power, because economic development inevitably requires more power.

The commodity economy will inevitably break the feudal natural economy.

Emphasis on agriculture and suppression of business.

In order to maintain the smallholder economy.

Fundamentally, it was to maintain feudal rule.

The rulers believed that agriculture was fundamental, so they suppressed commerce.

Ancient rulers were not supportive of the development of commerce. The ruler inhibited commerce because he feared that the merchants would be too rich and that it would harm the interests of the peasants or the imperial court.

The ancients were not very optimistic about commerce because they believed that it had no value. In ancient times, what was needed was productivity, and if there were too many merchants, there would be fewer working people, and productivity would decrease accordingly.

The ancient Chinese rulers' attitude towards commerce was to value agriculture over commerce, because in their view, commerce only allowed merchants to make money, and it was not beneficial to the development of the country.

Influenced by the culture of valuing profit over righteousness, and then prejudiced and despised it. Because China's feudal society was a self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy, the suppression of commercial development was to maintain the feudal economic foundation.

In China's bai feudal society, the productive forces are not strong enough. Therefore, the production capacity of zhi grain is limited. If the grain production activities, which are difficult to continue for ten times, are encountered in a situation where all the manpower runs to do business, then the amount of grain production will inevitably be affected, which will eventually lead to social unrest and threaten the interests of the ruling class.

The reason for the peasant uprisings in ancient China was that they were forced to revolt due to a shortage of food.

1. In the pre-modern era when the production capacity was not high and there were no chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the yield of soil was upper limit. Commercial Edition.

The development of the right on the one hand.

It means that there are a large number of cash crops that will encroach on farmland, and on the other hand, it means that there are a large number of people who are out of production. In both cases, it will lead to a decrease in grain production, which in turn will lead to dynastic turmoil. For this reason, the rulers would adopt the strategy of "emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce".

2. In the case of linear and slow growth of productive forces, it means that the growth rate of the total social surplus is very slow. There is no way to accumulate capital quickly.

3. You may ask why there is no historical process of transformation of the landed aristocracy into a new aristocracy in China, as in ...... BritainTo put it simply, there are several by-products of the emergence and development of capitalism – landless peasants (sheep eating people, mulberry fighting for rice fields), and bankrupt landlords (affected by commodity dumping). The further forward capitalism goes, the stronger the enemies it creates. There were 1,600w people in Britain in 1800, compared to 400 million in the Qing Dynasty during the same period.

Britain also had a large number of colonies to export landless peasants, which China did not have (the fertile lands around East Asia were mostly occupied by the Chinese). If the contradictions cannot be exported, then these enemies can easily overturn the nascent capitalist germ. Therefore, China has not been able to pass this hurdle for a long time.

It wasn't until the 19th century that China was forced into the modern world, and it was under the pressure of the outside world that this transformation was completed at a high cost – that is, the modern China you see.

First, the industry is very mobile, which is not convenient for the imperial court to manage. Second, business can make a lot of money by interacting with other industries, so that many agricultural people will abandon agriculture and do business, which is not conducive to the development of agricultural society. Third, China has traditionally been an agricultural country, and grain is the most important, so the imperial court has always been a heavy agricultural businessman.

In China's long 2,000-year-long feudal history, the policy of "valuing agriculture and suppressing business" has always accompanied history. It was born in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period when the feudal system was consolidated, and developed in the Qin and Han dynasties when the feudal system flourished, and then it was inherited and carried forward by later dynasties as a long-term and traditional national policy. The policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce implemented by the Shang Yang Reform Law stipulates:

Land can be bought and sold; where there are two adult males in the household, the tax on them is doubled; Those who produced a large amount of corn were exempted from forced labor. In the final analysis, the adoption of this policy by China's feudal society was determined by its economic foundation. The basis of the economy of the feudal state was a self-sufficient natural economy, and the main sector of this economy was agriculture.

Agriculture was the decisive sector of production in ancient times, providing people with the most basic means of subsistence, and the state of agricultural production is directly related to the rise and fall of a country. For this reason, successive rulers have grasped agriculture as a fundamental matter, adopted a series of measures to supervise, encourage, and organize agricultural production, tilted the state's economic policy in a direction conducive to agricultural development, and tightly bound the peasants to the land.

Because the basis of the state apparatus of feudal society is the landlord class, and for the landlord class, land is its most important strategic resource, land can control the poor peasants, so as to maintain the feudal rule of the landlord class, and the development of commerce will inevitably lead to many peasants to get rid of the shackles of the land on them, so that the dominance of the landlord class will be affected to a certain extent, especially when the development of commerce, the emergence of businessmen who make a living from commerce, and businessmen have a lot of money, and money is another important support of the state. In feudal society, businessmen have no status (don't be deceived by TV dramas), and even in some dynasties, businessmen are still compared to the peasant class, when businessmen grasp the lifeline of the country's economy, the needs of businessmen will inevitably shift from economy to politics, which leads to businessmen are bound to enter the state apparatus and squeeze out the dominant position of the landlord class.

If it is expressed in the concise official language, it would be as follows:

There are three main aspects:

1.In feudal society, because agricultural products are the most basic means of subsistence in feudal society, industry and commerce cannot provide the most basic means of subsistence, and the development of industry and commerce will also cause the loss of agricultural labor.

2.Feudal states can guarantee fiscal revenue by imposing a stable land tax, while operating shops, workshops, etc., is not as secure as operating land.

3.Tying the peasants to the land is conducive to social stability.

In short, China's feudal society's emphasis on agriculture and suppression of commerce was a reflection of the natural economy and an inevitable product of a lower level of social productivity. In the early days of China's feudal society, the emphasis on agriculture and the suppression of commerce played a positive role in the development of agriculture and social economy, and in the consolidation of the politics of the emerging landlord class. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the development of the commodity economy and the emergence of capitalism, the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce violated the law of economic development, hindered the growth of capitalism, and was not conducive to social development and progress.

Because the ancient productive forces were not enough, in the Spring and Autumn Period, a large number of people chose to engage in business, which consumed not much social resources, resulting in a decline in social production. In fact, in the final analysis, it is still a question of productivity, and only when there is a large surplus of productive forces in society can business be developed.

If business wants to promote economic development as it does now, it must have a premise, that is, the land produces a surplus of products, so that there is the possibility of exchange, in order to realize Adam Smith's theory of comparative advantage, and to realize the wealth of the country. However, in the period of feudal society, the productive forces were not enough to produce a large number of products, and a large number of commodities would not be formed, so the logistics communication of merchants could not form a situation in which there were more commodities in the theory of comparative advantage, and the value of merchants was not as good as that of farmers, and more farmers would be more conducive to the production of a large number of products. It can be said that in an agrarian society, in a state of low productivity, it is a good thing that there are more farmers than businessmen.

In the industrial society, when the productive forces are greatly increased, the basis for commodity exchange can exist, the market economy can develop, and the existence of a large number of merchants more than peasants can enable society to realize the theory of comparative advantage and produce more commodities.

China is a big agricultural country, agriculture is a pillar industry, and the country has always valued agriculture over business. China is still a feudal society, closed to the self-contained, ignorant of business, ashamed of business, there is a saying that there is no business is not treacherous, for a long time to produce and self-consume, self-sufficient mode of production, peasants rely on themselves for all their living needs, grow their own grain, grow their own cotton, spin and weave, raise pigs and chickens and ducks, this kind of production and lifestyle is deeply rooted.

It does not pay attention to business, but it pays attention to the money ...... business

Di Renjie suggested giving up Anxi in his time.

However, the profits brought by ** made the Tang army continue to advance westward until it crossed the Green Ridge and just talked about it.

Because of the feudal society, the two words of heavy agriculture and suppression of business are the words of today's people.

The reason is very simple, there is no high-sounding and elegant reason, in a society with low productivity, food is the most important, the people take food as the sky, and if they can't eat enough, they will rebel.

Very much taken seriously. Zhang Qian of the Han Dynasty sent an envoy to the Western Regions and opened up the Silk Road, Zheng He went to the Western Ocean seven times, and the Maritime Silk Road was opened.

You must know that before the middle of the Qing Dynasty, China was extremely prosperous without military, economy, and foreign trade. From the East China Sea to the east, to the South China Sea to the south, to the Arctic Ocean to the north, and to the Himalayas to the west, everything that can be expanded has been expanded. Defeated in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, China weakened, lost its territory, and was left to be slaughtered.

In order to consolidate their rule, most of the rulers adopted a policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce.

The feudal society focused on agriculture, and both the rulers and the common people believed that the right way to live was to practice farming, and they believed that business was opportunistic.

In ancient society, the status of merchants was very low and was not welcomed.