The origin of the I Ching, and what is the origin of the I Ching?

1. I Ching

Chronology:

According to scholars, it should be 5,000 years ago, some people say that it was 7,000 years ago, and the age of the book was in the late Shang and early Zhou periods.

2. The origin of the Book of Changes:

Wenwang Zhou Yi was the earliest.

As for the origin of the Book of Changes, it is traditionally believed that the Book of Changes originated from "Hetu and Luoshu".

Legend has it that in ancient times, the Yellow River appeared with a dragon horse with a figure painted on its back, and Luoshui appeared a spirit turtle with a text on its back, so the sage Fu Xi drew the "innate gossip".

In the last years of the Yin Shang dynasty, King Wen of Zhou was imprisoned in 羑 (yǒu) [ancient place name, in the north of present-day Tangyin County, Henan Province], and deduced the "acquired gossip" according to Fuxi's "innate gossip", that is, "King Wen's gossip", and further deduced the sixty-four hexagrams, and made hexagrams and epigrams. Yi Chuan was written by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period.

Therefore, the Book of Changes has the saying that "people are more sage, and the world is three ancients". It means that the book of the Book of Changes went through three eras: ancient times, middle ages, and lower antiquity, and was completed by the three sages of Fuxi, King Wen, and Confucius.

3. In history, it is said that there are three kinds of "I Ching", that is, the so-called "Three Changes":

1) "Lianshan", which was produced in the Shennong era, is the first to start from the "Gen hexagram", symbolizing "the clouds of the mountain, endless".

2), the second is called "Returning to Tibet".

Produced in the era of the Yellow Emperor, "Return to Tibet".

It starts from the "Kun hexagram", which symbolizes that "all things are hidden in it", indicating that all things are born in the earth and eventually returned to the earth, and everything is based on the earth.

3), three called "Zhou Yi".

The "Zhou Yi", which was produced in the last years of the Yin Shang Dynasty, starts from the two hexagrams of "Qian" and "Kun", indicating the difference in learning between heaven and earth, as well as "on the occasion of heaven and man".

The Book of Changes is one of the oldest texts in China, and let's trace its origin and history. The I Ching is revered by Confucianism as the first of the "Five Classics"; Three strange books of antiquity: "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon".

I Ching, "Classic of Mountains and Seas".

Yi is actually a collection of ancient "Lianshan", "Guizang" and "Zhou Yi", but "Lianshan" and "Guizang" have been lost. The Book of Changes uses a system of symbols to describe the change of state, expressing the philosophy and cosmology of classical Chinese culture. Its central idea is to describe the changes in the world with the yin and yang monism of the two elements of yin and yang.

Yuli City, Tangyin County, Anyang City, Henan Province. Yili City is the birthplace of "Zhou Yi", located in the open field between the two rivers of Bahuali and Tang in the north of Tangyin County, and is the place where King Yin Wen imprisoned King Zhou.

Zhou Yi is the theoretical root of the philosophy and humanistic practice of self-harmony in traditional Chinese thought and culture, the crystallization of the thought and wisdom of the ancient Han nation, known as the "source of the avenue", an outstanding representative of Chinese traditional culture, and the source of Chinese civilization.

Zhou Yi Qiaohui sedan chair is one of the important traditional classics, according to legend, it was written by King Jichang of Zhou Wen, including two parts: "Sutra" and "Biography".

Due to the low productivity and underdeveloped science in the early Chinese society, the ancestors could not make scientific explanations for natural phenomena, social phenomena, and human physiological phenomena, so they produced the worship of gods, believing that there was a supreme god behind things, which ruled everything in the world. When people are repeatedly subjected to natural and man-made disasters, they germinate the desire to use filial piety to help God foresee the sudden disasters and the consequences of their own actions, so as to achieve advantages and avoid harms. In the long-term practice, he has invented various methods of communicating with people and gods, among which the "Zhou Yi", which can best reflect the will of God, was produced under this condition.

The correct is "Yi Chuan: Uploading Words", "Yi has Taiji, which is to give birth to two instruments, two instruments to give birth to four elephants, and four elephants to give birth to gossip." The meaning of the whole passage is that all things and phenomena in the vast universe contain yin and yang, as well as the two sides of the surface and the inside.

However, they are both opposed to each other and dependent on each other, which is the general law of the material world, the program and origin of many things, and the root cause of their emergence and destruction. The way of heaven and earth, with yin and yang, creates all things. Heaven and earth, the sun and the moon, thunder and lightning, wind and rain, the four o'clock, in the early afternoon, as well as male and female, rigid and soft, dynamic and static, conspicuous, everything and everything, Changsen does not distinguish between yin and yang.

The origin of Zhou Yi: Zhou Yi originated from the Book of Changes, which is said to have been written by the ancient sage Fu Xi, and was later annotated by Zhou Gong Ji Dan as "Zhou Yi". Evolution:

Zhou Yi is the Book of Changes, one of the "Three Changes" (there is another point of view: the Book of Changes is the Three Changes, not the Zhou Yi), is one of the traditional classics, according to legend, it was written by King Ji Chang of Zhou Wen, including two parts of the "Sutra" and "Biography".

The Sutra is mainly sixty-four hexagrams and three hundred and eighty-four hexagrams, and the hexagrams and hexagrams have their own explanations (hexagrams, hexagrams) for divination. The Biography contains a total of 10 texts that explain hexagrams and epigrams, collectively known as the Ten Wings, and is said to have been written by Confucius.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, government schools began to gradually evolve into private schools. Easy to learn before and after, gradual development, hundreds of schools of learning, easy to learn is differentiated. Since Confucius praised Yi, "Zhou Yi" was regarded as a Confucian holy canon, the first of the six classics.

In addition to Confucianism, there are two branches of Yixue and Confucianism: one is the Xiaoshu Yi that still exists in the old forces; The other is Lao Tzu's Taoist Yi, which is divided into three branches.

Zhou Yi is the theoretical root of natural philosophy and humanistic practice in traditional Chinese thought and culture, and is the crystallization of the thought and wisdom of the ancient Han nation. The content is extremely rich, and has had an extremely profound impact on China's politics, economy, culture and other fields for thousands of years.

"The Three Sages of Yi Geng", which is the author of the Qin and Han dynasties, is the recognized theory of those who formed the tradition of Yi learning in ancient times, and it is also a question that we must first understand when we begin to study Yi scholars. After the Qin and Han dynasties, Confucian scholars jointly determined that it was our ancestor Fuxi who began to draw gossip; The one who deduces gossip is, of course, King Wen of Zhou; It is Confucius who carries forward the essence of easy learning. Therefore, to say "Yi Geng Three Sages" refers to the painter of the hexagram Fu Xi, the interpreter of the hexagram King Wen, and the narrator Confucius.

In fact, King Wen performed hexagrams and made "hexagrams", and his only son, Duke Zhou, expounded King Wen's thoughts, and carried them forward and expanded, so he wrote "Hexagrams". Why is Zhou Gong not mentioned among the Three Sages? According to the Han Confucianism, according to the ancient patriarchal concept, father and son obey each other, so there is no other mention of Zhou Gong among the three sages.

On this issue, it is still difficult to determine whether the case is fair and justified in such a conclusion. Of course, it was Fuxi who started to draw hexagrams, there is no doubt about it. After King Wen's hexagram and Zhou Gong's ancestor, after Confucius carried it forward, he insisted on relying on Zhou Gong's literary and academic contributions.

At the same time, it should not be easy to slip away the word "more" in the "more three saints". The so-called "three saints of Yi Geng" refers to the fact that Yi Xue has been sorted out by three sages and scholars before it can be carried forward. Starting from Fuxi's painting of gossip, to the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and then through the research and writings of King Wen, Zhou Gong, and Confucius, the system of academic thought of "Zhou Yi" was established.

Therefore, it can be known that the phrase "Yi Geng Three Sages", strictly speaking, should be for the book "Zhou Yi". If it seems a bit far-fetched to all easy-to-learn systems, deadlifting Fuxi to make do with the Three Sages. Along with this problem, there is the problem of "King Wen's Performance" and repeated interpretation into sixty-four hexagrams.

It is a recognized fact in ancient and modern times that Fuxi painted hexagrams, which was deduced from the eight trigrams into sixty-four hexagrams, but there are four theories: (1) It is believed that the sixty-four hexagrams are also arranged by Fuxi. (2) Some believe that the sixty-four hexagrams are also the interpretation of King Wen.

3) It is the Shennong clan who believes that the rehearsal of the gossip into sixty-four trigrams. (4) The person who thinks that the person who repeats the hexagram is Xia Yu. The first argument is most powerful with Wang Bi (auxiliary heir) and others, the second argument is Sima Qian and others, the third argument is Zheng Xuan and others, and the fourth argument is Sun Sheng and others.

It is not easy to establish these four theories based on Chinese evidence, and it is almost impossible. As for the person who identifies the repetition of the hexagram as King Wen of Zhou, it is probably from the word "performance" of "King Wen Yanyi", which cannot be said to be the meaning of the interpretation of the sixty-four hexagrams, but can only be said to be the order and way of the arrangement of the sixty-four hexagrams in the book "Zhou Yi", as well as the interpretation of the hexagrams in the book "Zhou Yi", which is undeniable, and is the masterpiece of King Wen. The question of why the arrangement is headed by the Kun hexagram is worth studying, and Wang Fuhei's proposition that the repeated rehearsal of the sixty-four hexagrams is still the creation of Fu Xi, which is the most reasonable.

"I Ching" is a book used to occupy the Zheng in ancient China, generally known as "Zhou Yi". It was meant to be a book.