Who is the 2012 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine?

The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was won by John O'Keeffe, May-Britt Moser, and Edward Mossoor.

Johno'Keefe): American, British, British neuroscientist.

May-Brittmoser is a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist.

Eduard Mossor (Norwegian national) is a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist.

Reason for the award: The discovery of the cells that make up the brain's localization system.

Humans have been exploring the cognitive function of the brain for hundreds of years. The findings of the three scientists have opened a new window into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and provided new ways for humans to understand other higher-order cognitive functions such as memory and thinking. In 2013, the three scientists were awarded the prestigious Hofan Yuanwitz Prize in Medicine.

May-Britt was born in Norway in 1963 and Edward was born in 1962, both Norwegian citizens and are now professors at the Kavlico Systems Neuroscience Research Institute and the Centre for Memory Biology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. They are honored to be one of the few husband-and-wife Nobel laureates in the world.

The awarding of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has had a profound impact on the field of biomedicine. This award recognizes scientists who have made outstanding contributions to immune system research: Tasuku Honjo of Japan and James Allison of the United States, for their discovery of key molecules in suppressing immune system responses and their use in tumors**.

This discovery not only deepens the understanding of the immune system, but also brings new breakthroughs to tumors**. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors** (ICIs), such as PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4) jointly discovered by Yu Honjo and Allison, has become an important tool for **cancer. This immuno** approach has shown promising efficacy in many types of cancer, giving hope to many patients.

In addition, the awarding of the Nobel Prize has further promoted the development of immune system research and inspired scientists to explore more uncharted areas of the immune system. These achievements are of great significance for the development of human health and medicine.

The 1999 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was won by Gut Blobour.

Gut Blober, an American scientist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that control their transport and localization within cells. "Address-tag" signal peptides direct newly synthesized protein molecules to the appropriate location within the cell, a mechanism known as protein guidance.

2. Born in Waltersolf, Germany in 1936, after receiving education at the University of Tübingen, Germany, he went to the United States in the 60s to engage in cancer research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Slippery University and obtained a doctorate, and later became an American citizen. Engaged in biological research at the Laboratory of Cell Biology at The Rockefeller University in New York City. Prior to this, he had previously conducted research on bladder fibrosis and kidney stones.

3. As early as the early 70s, he discovered this signal in the newly synthesized protein that is essential for controlling the passage of proteins across organelle membranes.

The inaugural Nobel Laureate in Physiology and Medicine is: Emil Adolf von Behring.

Emil Adolf von Behring: born March 15, 1854, was a German physician. Behring was born in Hanstoof (present-day Poland), a small village in the county of Rosenburg in West Prussia in the Kingdom of Prussia.

He has a total of 12 siblings and he is the fifth. His father was a poor rural teacher. As a child, he had already shown his genius through excellent grades, and he was able to graduate from high school through different scholarships in regret.

Since he could not continue on a scholarship to study medicine as much as he wanted to study, he decided to join the army and study military medicine. As a military medical student, his semester is also a period of service, so he can get a salary. He was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901 for his research on serum and passive immunity, especially for his contribution to diphtheria, and was made a nobleman.

The official Nobel Prize ** released the news that the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden was assessed and announced at 11:30 Stockholm time on October 7 (17:30 Beijing time on October 7).

The 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the American scientist James ERothman and Randy WSchekman, German scientist Thomas CSudhoff in recognition of their discovery of the regulatory mechanisms of vesicle trafficking inside cells.

The announcement of this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was traditionally held in the "Nobel Hall" of the Karolinska Institutet. At 11:30 local time (17:30 Beijing time), Goran Hansong, secretary general of the Nobel Prize Selection Committee, announced the list of winners and the reasons for the awards.