Who knows the characteristics of contamination in biopharmaceutical and chemical pharmaceutical ente

The pollutants of biopharmaceuticals can be considered mainly from 7 pollutants: suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCR), ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC), which can be referred to local standards.

In fact, chemical pharmaceuticals are a fine branch of the chemical industry, and the pollution sources such as waste water and waste heat in the production process have a great impact on the environment, and the consumption of energy is also very huge. In particular, the production of chemical raw materials is a large polluter, the reason for the pollution is that the chemical synthesis process is relatively long, the reaction steps are many, in the composition of raw materials, the raw materials that constitute the chemical structure only account for 5% 15% of the raw material consumption, while the auxiliary raw materials account for the vast majority of the raw material consumption, and most of these raw materials are transformed into "three wastes".

Improving process technology and carrying out research on the reuse of auxiliary raw materials are the basis for reducing environmental pollution.

The new "Pollutant Emission Standards for the Pharmaceutical Industry" will be introduced soon. The new pollutant discharge standards will be formulated according to APIs, chemicals, fermentation, bioengineering, etc., and the pollutant discharge indicators of some drug varieties will be improved. In the draft of the standard, the sewage discharge standards for biological drugs and chemical APIs have been greatly improved, and the sewage COD pre-discharge standard for chemical APIs has been increased from 1000COD to 500COD, and the discharge standard has been raised from 300COD to 150COD.

As for the type of wastewater and treatment process of chemical and pharmaceutical products, you can refer to the old standard.

Pollution characteristics of chemical and pharmaceutical plants: small quantity, large components, 1Small quantity, large components, large variability 2Intermittent emissions 3pH unstable 4High chemical oxygen demand (COD).

Pharmaceutical industry wastewater can be divided into four categories according to the product.

1) Wastewater from the production of synthetic drugs. The water quality and quantity of this kind of wastewater vary greatly, and mostly contain substances that are difficult to degrade and microbial growth inhibitors; Chemical synthesis pharmaceutical wastewater has a high COD concentration and high salt content, and the main pollutants are organic substances, such as fats, benzene organic compounds, alcohols, esters, petroleum, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfides.

and various metal ions, etc.

2) Biological fermentation method of pharmaceuticals (production of antibiotics.

and vitamins) production wastewater. It is divided into extraction wastewater, washing wastewater, vitamin C production wastewater, and other wastewater, among which the organic matter concentration of fermentation filtrate, extracted extract, distillation kettle residue, adsorption waste liquid, catheter waste liquid and other wastewater is very high, and the COD can be as high as 5000-80000mg L; The concentration of SS in wastewater can reach 5000-23000 mg L; There are antibiotic substances that are difficult to biodegrade and have antibacterial effect in wastewater, and when the antibiotic concentration is greater than 100mg l, it will inhibit the activity of aerobic sludge.

3) Chinese patent medicine.

Production wastewater. Its water quality fluctuates greatly, COD can be as high as 6000mg L, BOD can reach 2500mg L, mainly contains natural organic substances;

4) Washing water and rinsing water for various drug production processes. It mainly comes from chemical residues, raw material washing water and floor washing water.

Biopharmaceutical contamination is actually not as much as chemical pharmaceutical pollution, because after biopharmaceuticals, the rest of the waste generally has another purpose, but we don't know how to use it, and the things that come out of chemical pharmaceuticals are very toxic.

Why are people the biggest polluter?

1. Human beings will release and secrete pollutants in the process of metabolism.

2. The surface of the human body and clothes can be contaminated and carry pollutants.

3. Various actions of people in the clean room will also produce particles and microorganisms, not to mention uneven personal hygiene habits.

Since birth, microorganisms from the outside world have gradually entered the human body. There are microorganisms in the normal human body**, mucous membranes and various cavities that communicate with the outside world, but there are no microorganisms in the organs of the body and in the blood and lymphatic system, if any of these parts are present.

A significant number of microorganisms are found in one place, usually indicating a disease state.

Staphylococcus aureus, which is commonly found on the virus, can cause suppurative infection when it is damaged.

The Good Manufacturing Practice for Drugs clearly stipulates that personnel entering the clean room (area) shall not wear makeup and jewelry, and shall not directly touch drugs with bare hands.

The Good Manufacturing Practice clearly stipulates that sterile overalls must cover all hair, beard and feet, and can block human exfoliation.

4. Human mouth.

There are many microorganisms in the mouth, and feces are suitable for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, so in daily life, especially in the production of medicines, you must remember to wash your hands after going to the bathroom. The health of pharmaceutical manufacturers has a great impact on the quality of medicines.

The Good Manufacturing Practice stipulates that patients with infectious diseases, ** diseases and wounds on the body surface shall not engage in the production of drugs in direct contact.

Therefore, the "Good Manufacturing Practice for Drugs" clearly stipulates that drug production personnel should have health records. Manufacturers who are in direct contact with drugs should have a physical examination at least once a year.

At the same time, it is also stipulated that patients with infectious diseases, ** diseases and people with wounds on the body surface are not allowed to engage in the production of drugs in direct contact.

Since there are always human activities in the drug production process, people are the biggest source of pollution in the drug production process. When humans are naturally active, the heat emitted by the human body forms a heat stream that facilitates the diffusion of tiny particles (larger than microns) and produces about millions of particles per minute, most of which are dander and the rest are 10,300 microns in size. The human body will also create a good environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and all parts of the human body grow all kinds of microorganisms, so in all stages of pharmaceutical production, drug contamination caused by humans may occur, some through direct contact with unsterilized hands to make it contaminated, and some can be contacted through other ways to cause drug contamination.

Such as ** common microorganisms on the surface are: staphylococcus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, diphtheria-like bacilli, non-pathogenic acid-fast bacilli, fungi; Nasopharynx: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, adenovirus, fungi, staphylococcus, diphtheria-like bacilli, etc.

Workers in pharmaceutical factories are often seen on television wearing white overalls, gloves and hoods. Actually, it's right, there are too many things that people's hands touch, how can there be no pollution, especially banknotes, which are very dirty.

Human bodies and clothes carry a large number of germs and bacteria, so people are the biggest source of pollution!

A: The environmental pollution that may be caused by the biopharmaceutical process is mainly determined by the toxicity and loss (discharge) of raw materials, intermediates, and end products. The environmental pollution that may be caused includes ambient air pollution and wastewater discharge pollution; Noise pollution may also be present.

According to the actual situation of pollution, relevant solutions are designed in detail.

This is the need to do product link analysis according to the product process, and put forward targeted treatment measures, which is not the same, and needs to do environmental impact assessment.

It is mainly biological contamination of water and air, that is, bacteria or viruses. The water treatment is 80 degree insulation and sterilization, and the air is filtered by filter.

Biologic drugs refer to the application of microbiology.

Biology, Medicine, Biochemistry.

From the research results of organisms, biological tissues, cells, body fluids, etc., a class of products for prevention, prevention and diagnosis are manufactured by comprehensively using the principles and methods of microbiology, chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, pharmacy and other sciences.

Cultivation goals. This major cultivates senior practical talents with solid basic theories and basic knowledge of biotechnology and pharmacy, proficient in the common experimental processes of modern biotechnology and pharmaceutical technology, a preliminary understanding of the production and sales process of biotechnology pharmaceutical enterprises, and capable of the comprehensive development of morality, intellect, physique and beauty in modern biotechnology laboratories and biotechnology pharmaceutical enterprises.

Students of this major should master the basic theoretical knowledge and professional skills in biochemistry, biochemical separation and analysis technology, biotechnology and industrial pharmacy, etc., and be influenced by biopharmaceuticals.

Research and production technology.

After graduation, students will be able to engage in resource development, product development, production, technical management, and quality control of biological drugs.

Through learning, you will have the ability to do the following:

1. Master the basic theories and basic knowledge of chemical pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, pharmaceutical preparation technology and engineering;

2. Master the process and equipment design methods of drug production equipment;

3. Have the initial ability to research, develop and design new resources, new products and new processes of drugs;

4. Familiar with the country's chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

guidelines, policies and regulations on production, design, research and development, environmental protection, etc.;

5 Knowledge of pharmaceutical engineering.

With the theoretical frontier of preparation, understand the development trends of new processes, new technologies and new equipment;

6. Be familiar with a foreign language, have the ability to listen, speak, read and write, master the basic methods of literature retrieval and data inquiry, and have certain scientific research and practical work ability.

Professional prospects. Biotechnological drugs have been widely used in cancer, AIDS.

Anemia, stunting, diabetes, heart failure.

Hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and some rare genetic disorders. Faced with a large number of expiring patents and a very low product stockpile, many large pharmaceutical companies have had to look for new drugs from life sciences companies. New drug discovery technologies are making the search for disease-specific targets cheaper, faster, and more precise.

China is a populous country in the world, but the number of people engaged in the research and development of the biotechnology industry is 10,000, and the number of people engaged in production and operation is 10,000, which is only equivalent to 1 4 of the number of people in the biotechnology industry in the United States. There is a serious shortage of talents engaged in the research and development of biomedical products, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of China's biomedical industry.

It can be seen that the development of China's biomedical industry urgently needs a large number of senior pharmaceutical professionals.