In what year was the Channel Tunnel completed and put into use?

Construction of the tunnel began in 1987 and was completed and put into use in 1994.

What kind of submarine tunnel construction method is used to close or control the submarine tunnel connecting the Anglo-French sea tuantuin?

a.Immersed tube method.

b.The drill and blast method is rough.

c.Shield method.

d.TBM method.

Correct answer: d

Summary. The Channel Tunnel, also known as the Channel Tunnel and the Eurotunnel, opened on May 6, 1994. It is a railway tunnel from the United Kingdom to France, located between the Port of Dover in the United Kingdom and the Port of Calais in France.

The Channel Tunnel consists of three parallel tunnels with a length of 51 km with a total length of 153 km, of which the length of the undersea section is 3 38 km, making it the world's second longest undersea tunnel and the world's longest railway tunnel. The diameter of the two railway tunnels after lining is, and the diameter of the excavation tunnel is; The diameter of the lining of a logistics service hole in the middle is, and the diameter of the excavation hole is. From the signing of the Treaty of Kanterbury between France and Britain on February 12, 1986 to the official opening of the tunnel on May 7, 1994, it took more than eight years and cost about 10 billion pounds (about 15 billion US dollars), making it the world's largest construction project with private capital.

Hello pro inquire about the competitors in the operation of the Brit-French Channel Tunnel as follows.

a.Competitors include ferry operator BCompeting benders include airline C. on the London-Paris routeBecause there is only a submarine tunnel that is quietly leaked, it has an exclusive monopoly and no competitor DAll of the above is true.

Choose b The Channel Tunnel, also known as the Channel Tunnel and the Eurotunnel, was opened on May 6, 1994. It is a railway tunnel from the United Kingdom to France, located between the Port of Bifo in the United Kingdom and the Port of Calais in France. The Channel Tunnel consists of three parallel tunnels with a length of 51 km with a total length of 153 km, of which the length of the undersea section is 3 38 km, making it the world's second longest undersea tunnel and the world's longest railway tunnel.

The diameter of the two railway tunnels after lining is, and the diameter of the excavation tunnel is; The diameter of the lining of the logistics service hole in the middle of a land shirt is the diameter of the excavation hole. From February 12, 1986, when France and Britain signed the Treaty of Kanterbury on tunnel connections, to May 7, 1994, it took more than eight years and cost about 10 billion pounds (about 15 billion US dollars), which is also the world's largest construction project using private capital.

The Anglo-French undersea tunnel project was undertaken by a TML consortium composed of 10 major construction companies in Britain and France, and the total investment of up to $15 billion was raised from 210 bank loans and issuances. The project began in December 1987. Due to the difficulty of the project, it took six and a half years to officially complete the project, one year later than the scheduled completion time, and the total investment of the project exceeded the budget by one time.

It is currently not only the largest construction project in Europe, but also one of the most expensive in the world.

1.It is conducive to the commercial and trade ties between the two countries and promotes the economic development of the two places.

2.It is conducive to the complementarity of industrial and agricultural production on both sides of the strait, and the effect of industrial agglomeration is prominent.

3.It is conducive to the formation of urban agglomerations, the flow of commerce and people, and the comprehensive development of the British Isles.

It has promoted the economic development of the two sides of the strait and shortened the mileage of transportation.

The Channel Tunnel runs from Dover, England, to Calais, France, at the narrowest point of the English Channel, and two railway tunnels with a diameter of 50,000 meters are being built at the same time. Of these, 37,000 meters are under the sea. The distance between the two tunnels is 30 meters, and an auxiliary tunnel with a diameter of one meter is built in the middle of the tunnel, which is connected with the main tunnels on both sides every 375 meters for ventilation and maintenance.

When the main tunnel is unable to pass through the train for some reason, the auxiliary tunnel can also be used as an emergency passage. The entire project cost 53 billion francs (about $7 billion).

The Channel Tunnel is 50 kilometers long, and when a high-speed train passes, the enormous pressure and air resistance will raise the temperature inside the tunnel to 49 55. Such high temperatures not only cause rail deformation and equipment failure, but are also unbearable for passengers. To solve this problem, the scientists added a cooling pipe between the two tunnels and built giant water cooling equipment at both ends of the channel, where the water temperature was lowered to 3 and then flowed through the pipe to reduce the temperature inside the tunnel.

Construction of the tunnel began in 1987 and was completed and put into use in 1994. It takes only 26 minutes to travel through the tunnel by high-speed train with a speed of 260 kilometers per hour, and the travel time from Paris to London has been reduced from 5 hours to 3 hours. Trains run throughout the day, departing every 3 minutes during rush hour.

The Anglo-French undersea tunnel project was undertaken by the TML consortium formed by 10 major British and French construction companies, and the total investment of up to 15 billion US dollars was raised from 210 banks for loans and issuances. This project was officially started in December 1987. Due to the difficulty of the project, it took six and a half years to officially complete the project, one year later than the scheduled completion time, and the total investment of the project exceeded the budget by one time.

It is currently not only the largest construction project in Europe, but also one of the most expensive in the world.

In order to make the tunnel the safest passage in the world, Eurotunnel has taken safety measures in addition to its efforts in terms of train speed and service. The company has installed a large number of advanced safety devices in the tunnel, including three sets of control and information exchange systems used for tunnel operation and management alone. In addition, there are automatic fire extinguishing systems to return to hail, anti-earthquake systems, bulletproof walls, safe passages, and even animal traps to deal with animals that get lost and break into the tunnels.

Monitors are installed every kilometre to measure temperature, soot and carbon monoxide levels.