The surface of the moon looks a little wet, why?

The moon is above 100 degrees Celsius during the day and around -170 degrees Celsius at night. Without an atmosphere, the surface of the moon would no longer be dry. The surface of the moon looks damp, probably because the dust particles in the soil are fine and thick, plus the color.

In the past, the traces of astronauts and lunar rovers left by the United States when they landed on the moon, as well as the traces left by China's Chang'e-4 Yutu-2 lunar rover on the surface of the moon, look very clear, a bit like the traces left by human activities on the wet ground. There is no wind on the moon, so there is no weathering. However, the Moon has also been active all the time, with volcanic eruptions.

The volcanic ash spewed out by the volcano ends up on the surface of the moon.

In addition, when the Moon is hit by an asteroid, the evaporation of the rock mass, as well as the eventual condensation and stirring up dust by the shock wave, leaves a thick layer of volcanic ash in some parts of the Moon. According to the samples that Apollo brought back from the moon, the particles of lunar dust were very small. Moon dust is composed of glass spheres or fragments, plagioclase, monoclinic pyroxene, ilmenite, olivine, meteorite pyrite, natural iron filings and spherical nickelite less than 1 mm in diameter, and sometimes a small amount of quartz, calcite, spinel, etc.

Judging by the nature of lunar dust, lunar dust is not only very fine, but also very hard particles, and the gravitational pull of the moon is very small. The dust on the moon is relatively "fluffy". On Earth, sometimes some dirt roads will have a layer of fine dust because of many cars.

This dust is more "dry and fluffy" because it is deposited and can easily leave clear footprints.

Similarly, lunar dust leaves a clear trail. The color of the material on the surface of the Moon is markedly different from the color of the Earth's soil. It is gray.

The dust on the surface of the Moon is greatly affected by the solar wind and may even be blown away by the solar wind (the solar wind electrifies the dust of the Moon, repelling and excites each other). The color of the deep soil is not the same as the color of the top soil. In addition, the degree of compaction and reflection angle of the dust at the pressure also changes, contrary to the surrounding environment.

For example, in the photographs taken by China's Chang'e-3 and Chang'e-4 probes, the color of the lunar surface is still different, which is mainly related to the type of lens of the camera and even the time, and the post-processing of the moon will also be affected.

Although it does not rain on the moon, the meteorite rain on it does not stop, which can be seen from the craters on the moon. Although our earth is also often hit by meteorites, with the protection of the atmosphere, most of the celestial bodies are destroyed in the atmosphere as meteors and debris. The moon does not have the natural barrier of the atmosphere, and the potholes on the surface of the moon become more and more obvious in the continuous impact, and they have been preserved without the erosion of the atmosphere and water currents.

The absence of an atmosphere on the moon is also an important reason for the difference in lunar surface temperature, which can reach close to 130 degrees Celsius in direct sunlight and as low as minus 173 degrees Celsius in places where sunlight does not shine. At such temperatures, liquid water cannot exist on the moon. Early people believed that the high temperature of the moon at the time of formation evaporated the water from the moon rock, and that there was no water on the moon.

But recent studies in the United States and Japan have found that there may be very little water ice present in the cold lunar soil. There may be more abundant solid-state water ice in the interior of the Moon.

This is due to the fact that the soil particles are very fine and the color is relatively dark.

The mass of the moon is much smaller than that of the earth, and the weight corresponding to objects of the same mass is reduced a lot, which also leads to the reduction of the "angle of rest" of the moon dust accumulation, so it seems to have the same effect as the accumulation of moist dust on the earth.

The dust particles of the soil on the surface of the moon are very fine, very thick, and relatively dark, so it looks a little damp.

Moon. The surface is always cratered because the Moon is constantly being hit by cosmic meteorites. Meteorites flying at high speed will cause many craters to crash out of the surface of the moon, and meteorites of different sizes will hit craters of different sizes, so the moon will always have many craters.

So why isn't the Earth as potholed as the Moon?

In fact, the earth will also be hit by many meteorites from the universe, but the moon and the earth have one difference, that is, the moon has no atmosphere.

And our planet has an atmosphere. Why does this difference make the Moon and the Earth different results? Because when the meteorite passes through the atmosphere, the temperature of the surface of the meteorite will increase due to the friction between the meteorite and the atmospheric air, and after reaching a certain temperature, the meteorite will burn up because of the high temperature.

Under normal circumstances, meteorites that are not very large will basically disappear due to combustion after passing through the Earth's atmosphere, and do not directly hit the Earth. Even if a small part is still not burned up and hits the earth, the impact will have a very limited effect and will not create a large impact crater.

For example, the black meteorites we picked up when we were children were meteorites that had not yet burned up, and meteorites of this size would not have much impact on our earth's surface. On the other hand, the moon, because there is no atmospheric protection, the meteorites flying from the universe are directly impacted to the surface of the moon, and they are not burned to become smaller, and the meteorites will cause large impact craters on the surface of the moon. There is another reason, because the Moon is on the outer side of the Earth, and the Moon is more likely to be hit by a cosmic meteorite than the Earth.

The Moon has protected the Earth since its inception and has blocked most of the meteorite impacts from the universe, so over the years, more and more impact craters have accumulated on the surface of the Moon, and it has become cratered.

The Moon was born at the same time as the Earth, about 4.6 billion years ago. After the birth of the moon, a thin crust was formed on the molten surface very quickly. As the heavier elements converge and sink towards the center of the moon, the outer shell gradually thickens.

The outer shell, after chemical differentiation, is bombarded by large meteorites or comets, forming huge basins on the surface of the moon. Over time, the bombardment of the lunar surface by alien celestial material gradually decreased. Many large basins filled by lava flows formed what is now the Moon Sea.

The slow and uninterrupted erosion of the lunar surface by small rock blocks continues to the present. Scientists believe that the lunar sea, a huge annular basin, was created by asteroids, comets, and smaller moons than the moon (smaller moons that orbited the Earth in the early stages of the solar system).

The craters on the surface of the moon are all craters created by meteorite impacts, because there are more meteorites on the surface of the moon, so the surface of the moon is always cratered.

Meteorite impact. Since the Moon has no atmosphere, it faces a direct threat from meteorites, and meteorites that fall directly on the surface of the Moon have led to its current appearance.

Obviously, he is a spaceship, how can there be so many impact craters simply standing in one position, this must have been hit by flying through the Star Forest.

Because the Moon is being hit by meteorites all the time.

I just want to ask: what does it mean to be "always" potholes?

There is water NASA announced on November 13, 2009 that it had discovered the presence of water on the moon.

Washington, Nov. 13 (Xinhua) -- NASA announced on Nov. 13 that scientists from the U.S. Aerospace Administration (NASA) confirmed the presence of water on the moon after preliminary analysis of the lunar impact data obtained by the lunar crater observation and sensing satellite.

NASA issued a press release saying that the Centaur rocket and the Lunar Crater observation and sensing satellite hit the Kebbs crater near the moon's south pole on October 9, and the Centaur rocket, which weighs about 2 2 tons, hit the moon and stirred up two parts of dust: one was composed of steam and fine dust; The other part is made up of substances with heavier mass. The dust was analysed by spectrometers carried by the Lunar Cratter Observation and Sensing Satellite.

Anthony Colapplet, NASA's chief scientist for the project, said that preliminary analysis results provide multiple evidence of the presence of traces of water in both parts of the dust, and that "although the concentration and distribution of water and other materials on the moon will need further analysis to be confirmed, it is safe to say that there is water in the Kebbs pit."

Greg DeLory, a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, said at a press conference held by the space agency on the same day that it was an "extraordinary discovery." He believes that comets are one of the possible ** on the moon for water.

In addition to water, the Kebbs crater may contain other interesting materials, and scientists are now working hard to analyze the data of the lunar impact in an effort to analyze the distribution of material at the site and restore the full picture of the lunar impact, Kolaprulet said. However, due to the abundance of lunar data, it may take some time to analyze it in detail.

NASA had previously expected that the moon collision should have stirred up dust up to 10 kilometers and a flash of light about 30 seconds long, but after the moon collision, the flash did not appear as expected, and the probe did not send back images in real time.

The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter launched on June 18 to begin their lunar exploration journey, a mission that is the first step in the U.S. strategic plan to "return to the moon." However, the future of the "Return to the Moon" program is uncertain at the moment.

At the end of September, American scientists also announced the results of their research, saying that after analyzing the data collected by the three spacecraft, they found that there is water or hydroxyl substances on the surface of the moon, or both of these materials, and the solar wind may be the cause.

Scientists believe that if it can finally be confirmed that there is abundant water resources on the moon, it will be of great significance for mankind to establish a lunar base and explore more distant planets. Water is not only an important survival resource for astronauts on the moon, but also the oxygen and launch vehicle fuel needed for lunar bases.

There is no atmosphere on the surface of the moon and there is water seems unlikely.

Looking at the moon from the earth is wonderful; Like water and moonlight pouring down the earth, a piece of silver glow, sending a piece of tenderness to the moon admirers. Throughout the ages, how many poets have fallen for it; And how many literati have written a chapter. The beautiful moon, is it really beautiful?

In order to scientifically understand its true appearance and explore its mysteries, countless scientists have devoted their lives to many years. Most people are familiar with the phases of the moon. When the Moon is in orbit between the Earth and the Sun, we can only see a curved Moon, which is called a crescent moon; Two weeks later, the Moon orbited to the other side of the Earth and we saw the Full Moon.

Without a telescope, we can also see the bright and dark areas on the surface of the moon. Through various means of detection, including spacecraft photography of the moon and analysis of lunar rocks, scientists told us that the bright area is composed of igneous rock debris broken by the impact of meteorites; The dark zone is a solidified lava flow that flows from the inside long after the light zone has formed. The bright area is called the moon land, and the dark area is called the moon sea at the lower level.

When the Apollo spacecraft landed on the moon, the astronauts placed a laser reflector on the lunar surface for a month. Scientists shoot laser pulses at it from the ground, which reach the moon and are reflected by the reflector before returning to the ground for about a second. Because the speed of the laser pulse is the same as the speed of light, traveling 300,000 kilometers per second, scientists have calculated that the average distance between the moon and the earth is 384,000 kilometers, but the moon's orbit around the earth is not a full circle, and the actual distance changes by 5% of this value.

Scientists have figured out that there is neither atmosphere nor water on the Moon. The reason is that the moon has a small mass and its gravitational pull is too weak to retain them. The speed at which an object on the Moon breaks free from its gravitational pull and flies into space is much smaller than the speed at which an object breaks away from the Earth, at only kilometers per second.

As long as the average velocity of the gas molecules is greater than 1 5 of the escape velocity, that is, kilometers per second, they will quickly disperse into space. In fact, gas molecules such as hydrogen, helium and nitrogen at zero degrees Celsius have an average velocity of more than kilometers per second. Therefore, it is impossible for these gases to be present on the Moon.

Since there is no atmospheric protection, the temperature of the lunar surface is very high when exposed to the sun, which can reach 127 degrees Celsius, so there will be no water, because if there is water, it will be converted into water vapor and escape. Of course, at the poles of the moon, unusually cold and gloomy, it is possible that water exists in the form of ice.

Without water and air on the moon, there can be no life. It is true that when the astronauts of the Apollo spacecraft landed on the moon, they did not see the greenery of the earth, no rivers, no sounds, and no birds and flowers on the earth.