Basic measures to prevent fires, basic measures to prevent fires

Control of combustibles: Replace flammable or combustible materials with non-combustible or non-combustible materials. Partial ventilation or full ventilation is adopted to reduce combustible gases.

The concentration of vapor and dust reacts chemically on the energy interaction.

The items are stored separately. Isolate combustibles: make flammable gases.

Liquids and solids do not come into contact with combustibles such as air and oxygen, and even if there is an ignition source, there is no combustible material involved, so combustion is prevented. Eliminate the ignition source: that is, strictly control the open flame, electric fire and prevent the fire caused by static electricity and lightning strike. <

1.Control of combustibles: Replace flammable or combustible materials with non-combustible or non-combustible materials. Adopt local ventilation or full ventilation to reduce the concentration of combustible gas, vapor and dust; Items that can interact with each other and react with each other are stored separately.

2.Isolation of combustibles: It is to make flammable gases, liquids, and solids not come into contact with combustibles such as air, oxygen or other oxidants, and even if there is an ignition source, it will not burn because there is no combustible participation.

3.Eliminate the source of ignition: It is to strictly control open flames, electric fires and prevent static electricity and lightning strikes.

4.Prevent the spread of fire: It is to prevent ignition sources such as flames or sparks from entering equipment, pipelines or spaces that are burning or dangerous, or to prevent flames from expanding in equipment and pipelines, or to limit the burning to a certain range so that it will not spread outward.

1. One of the elements to control the occurrence of fire, combustibles. Minimize the presence of combustibles, such as not storing gasoline at home;

2. The second element to control the occurrence of fire is the ignition source. Combustibles are sometimes difficult to control, so it is necessary to pay attention to reducing the source of fire, such as paying attention to the fire prevention of electrical facilities, do not let the wires short circuit, overload, contact resistance is too large, and the bulb should not be close to combustible objects.

For example, don't play with fire in places with combustibles, and have waterproof and moisture-proof measures for things that are prone to fire when encountering water, and so on. Common ignition sources include open flames, electric fires, radiation, static electricity (lightning), chemicals, etc.

3. In building fire prevention, it is often necessary to divide a large space into several small fire prevention spaces, so that a fire in such a place will not spread to other places after a fire, and this is also the meaning of keeping an appropriate distance between buildings.

4. In addition, fire protection also sets up many protective measures to reduce fire hazards after a fire, such as installing fire-fighting equipment and facilities inside the building, ensuring that personnel can evacuate and escape channels, signs and emergency lighting, broadcasting, etc.

Common sense of escape and self-rescue:

1. When a fire hits, you should escape quickly and don't be greedy for property.

2. Family members should understand and master the basic methods of fire escape and be familiar with several escape routes.

3. When threatened by fire, you should immediately put on soaked clothes and bedding and rush out in the direction of the safety exit.

4. When escaping through thick smoke, try to keep your body close to the ground and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel.

5. If you are on fire, don't run, roll on the spot or use heavy clothes to extinguish the fire.

6. In case of fire, do not take the elevator, and escape to the direction of the safety exit.

7. When there is a fire outdoors and the door is hot, do not open the door to prevent the fire from entering the room. Block doors and windows with soaked bedding and clothing, and splash water to cool down.

8. If all escape routes are blocked by fire, immediately return to the room, send a distress signal to the window with flashlights, waving clothes, calling, etc., and wait for rescue.

9. Don't jump off the building blindly, you can use evacuation stairs, balconies, drainage pipes, etc. to escape, or tear the sheets and ** into strips to form a rope, bolt it to the window frame, iron railing and other fixings, slide down the rope, or go down to the floor that is not on fire to get out of danger.

The basic measures to prevent fire include:

1) Eliminate ignition sources. The basic principle of fire prevention should be to eliminate the source of fire. The construction site is full of combustibles, and there is no shortage of burning air, and only by eliminating the fire source can the fire be effectively prevented.

The investigation of the cause of the fire after the outbreak of the fire is also important to find out which fire source caused the fire.

2) Control combustibles. Strict control and management of combustibles that are easy to burn on site is an important measure to avoid fires. The specific measures are divided into three types: timely cleaning and transportation, inventory and quarantine.

Flammable wood chips, wood shavings, wood formwork, etc. should be cleaned up and transported away in time or transported to a safe place for storage; Dangerous goods such as kerosene, gasoline and explosives should be stored in a safe flame-proof and explosion-proof warehouse, strictly controlled and managed; Those items that can produce combustible gas by mutual influence should be isolated, and the distance between separate storage points should meet safety requirements.

(3) Isolate the air. By isolating combustibles from the surrounding air, combustion can be stopped immediately. Commonly used measures are:

The purpose of extinguishing the fire can be achieved by covering the fire extinguishing agent (carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, etc.), foam and other non-gaseous gases or liquids, and spraying them on the surface of the burning object to isolate it from the air.

4) Cool. When the temperature of the combustible material is lowered below the ignition point (ignition point), the combustion stops. Water and dry ice are commonly used for cooling and extinguishing fires.

5) Isolate ignition and combustibles. Measures to isolate ignition sources and combustibles and avoid new combustion conditions can stop the fire from spreading. For example:

Widening fire spacing between buildings; Build a firewall in the warehouse; A line is formed between combustibles in the vicinity of the fire"Ice wall";Demolition of buildings in the vicinity of the fire can effectively prevent the spread of fire.

1. Strictly control the generation of fire sources: including open flames, such as open flame lighting, heating, cooking, burning waste, unextinguished cigarette butts, welding and cutting operations, etc.; Collision or friction of objects, such as the collision or friction of metallic objects; Hot-hot objects, such as welding and cutting spatter, steel rolling and forging slag, blasting debris, etc.; Electrical sparks, such as short circuits, sparks generated by static electricity, etc.; heat of chemical reaction; Thunder and lightning sparks.

2. Strengthen supervision: including setting up fire monitors at operation points where fires may occur, setting up warning signs such as "no fire source" next to combustible or flammable materials, sending special personnel to conduct patrol inspections, and formulating special operating specifications.

3. Equipped with applicable fire-fighting equipment: Equipped with applicable fire-fighting equipment in strict accordance with relevant national regulations, and the performance integrity of the equipment should be checked frequently; Fire hydrants need to be kept in good condition, and water sources and water pressure should be ensured.

4. Timely alarm: If a fire is found, the police should be called immediately to avoid delaying the fire extinguishing opportunity and causing a major fire accident.

The basic measures to prevent fire include controlling combustibles, isolating the air, controlling the source of fire, regularly inspecting the transformer, replacing the aging coil, paying attention to heat dissipation, and not exceeding the load. All fire prevention measures are aimed at preventing the occurrence of combustion conditions, and to prevent the combustion conditions from combining and interacting with each other.

1. Control combustibles.

Combustibles are the material basis of the combustion process, so the use of combustible substances should be cautious. When selecting materials, try to replace combustible materials with non-combustible or non-combustible materials, such as building houses with cement instead of wood, and dipping combustibles with fireproof paint to improve fire resistance; For the plant with fire and high risk of fire, the method of ventilation or ventilation is used to reduce the concentration of combustible gas, vapor and dust in the air; All items that can interact with each other should be stored separately, etc.

2. Isolate the air.

The production process using flammable and explosive substances should be carried out in a sealed facility; For production with abnormal danger, it can be filled with inert gas protection; Isolate the air to store some dangerous chemicals, such as sodium metal in kerosene, yellow phosphorus in water, carbon disulfide in water, etc.

3. Remove the source of fire.

For example, take measures such as isolating the fire source, controlling the temperature, grounding, lightning protection, installing explosion-proof lights, and blocking sunlight to prevent combustibles from encountering open flames or rising temperatures. Stop the spread of fires and waves. In order to prevent the spread of fire and waves, it is necessary to prevent the formation of new combustion conditions, so as to prevent the expansion of the fire and reduce the fire loss.

The specific measures include: installing flame arresters and safety water seals on combustible gas pipelines; Wear fire caps on the smoke and exhaust systems of locomotives, ships, automobiles, and bulldozers; Installation of explosion-proof membrane and safety valve on pressure vessel equipment; Leave fire spacing between buildings, build firewalls, etc.

1.Control combustibles. substitution of flammable or combustible materials with non-combustible or non-combustible materials; Adopt local ventilation or full ventilation to reduce the concentration of combustible gas, vapor and dust; Items that can interact with each other and react with each other are stored separately.

2.Isolate combustibles. It is to make flammable gases, liquids, and solids not come into contact with combustibles such as air, oxygen, or other oxidants, and even if they have the effect of ignition sources, they will not burn because there are no combustibles involved.

3.Eliminate ignition sources. It is to strictly control open flames, electric fires and prevent static electricity and lightning strikes.

4.Stop the fire from spreading. It is to prevent ignition sources such as flames or sparks from escaping into equipment, pipelines or spaces that are burning or dangerous, or to prevent flames from expanding in equipment and pipelines, or to limit combustion to a certain range so that it will not burn outward.

The basic measures to prevent fire are: ventilation, kitchen safety, electricity safety, smoking is harmful, and playing with fire is prohibited.

1. Ventilation.

The cause of the fire is very complicated, but if you smell a strong smell of gas in your home, you should open the windows as soon as possible, and usually do not close the windows when you are sleeping, so as to maintain air convection.

2. Kitchen safety.

Many people especially like to stir-fry in a hot pan when stir-frying, sometimes it will be on fire, and some people will be used to watering, which is irrational, because the high-temperature oil in the pot will suddenly burst into flames when it encounters water, causing other combustibles. The correct words are to cover with a rag or pot lid.

3. Electricity safety.

Open flames can be seen, but the terrible thing is the fire caused by electricity, so it is necessary to exclude some aging lines at home, especially between the socket and the electrical appliances are whether there is aging damage or falling off, can not be used in excess of power, messy wires, reasonable use of electrical appliances, and close when the group leaks when it is not in use.

4. Smoking is harmful.

When smoking, remember to extinguish cigarette butts in time, especially friends who like to smoke at the bedside, it is best not to smoke, even if you smoke, do not go to public places, and do not litter cigarette butts.

5. It is forbidden to play with fire.

If there are children at home, then remember to place lighters, matches and other things, at least the children can't see it, touch it, or reach it, otherwise the children will cause a fire due to curiosity, and the consequences can be imagined.

Emergency measures in case of fire:

1.If the fire is not large, it should be covered and quickly use the prepared simple fire extinguishing equipment, and take effective measures to control and extinguish the fire; If the fire is large, call the fire alarm **119 immediately.

2.When the source of fire is discovered, on-site personnel should use nearby fire extinguishing equipment to actively extinguish the initial fire and report to the dispatch room quickly.

3.When it is difficult to control, you should immediately wear a self-rescuer, and quickly evacuate from the disaster area to the ground according to the disaster avoidance route of the fire accident.

Article 5 of the Fire Protection Law.

All units and individuals have the obligation to maintain fire safety, protect fire fighting facilities, prevent fires, and report fire alarms. All units and adults are obliged to participate in organized and unbridled fire fighting.