What is the purpose of the world s stations in Antarctica?

Eighteen countries have established research stations in Antarctica because of the abundance of resources in Antarctica.

First of all, Antarctica is of great scientific importance, it is covered with millions of years of ice and is a specimen for studying climate change in the ancient world. The transparency, transparency and dryness of the Antarctic atmosphere are particularly high, and astronomical observations are made here, the effects of which are comparable to those in orbit. Antarctica is rich in biological resources, which are not only valuable for scientific research, but also for economic purposes.

What's more, Antarctica is the last pure land on Earth that has not been explored and occupied. Internationally, such uncertain sovereign areas often tend to follow the principles of occupation and continuous management to determine their ownership, which is the shell of horse racing, on a first-come, first-served basis. Antarctica is rich in mineral resources and coveted by all countries, and although the Antarctic Treaty signed in 1959 froze the territorial claims of all States parties in Antarctica, this balance is not stable.

In the early 1980s, 18 countries in the world had established more than 40 annual and 100 summer checkpoints in Antarctica。There is no such thing as our countryAmong the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, China is also the only one that has no say in Antarctic affairs. When China formally joined the Antarctic Treaty and became a non-negotiating member, in September of the same year, China sent a three-member delegation led by Guo Zheng, director of the National Antarctic Exploration Commission, to Canberra, Australia, to attend the 12th Antarctic Consultative Conference.

At that meeting, the seats of the Chinese delegation were not arranged in alphabetical order, but randomly in the back row. There was not even a table in the back row area, and the Chinese delegation had no right to speak or vote in the entire meeting. When the General Assembly voted on the resolution, the President of the Conference struck the gavel and said loudly

Delegates of non-negotiating countries are invited to evacuate the venue and drink coffee outside the venue. Even if China does not have the strength of Antarctic research, even if it has a billion people, it can only become a second-class citizen in the conference.

At present, a total of 30 countries have established more than 150 research stations in Antarctica, including five in China: Great Wall Station, Zhongshan Station, Kunlun Station, Taishan Station and Ross Sea New Station (under construction). The content of Antarctic scientific research includes environmental climatology, astronomy, geology, biology and other fields, and has a very high scientific research status.

Thirty countries have established research stations in Antarctica, which is why so many have been built because of Antarctica's rich mineral resources. The Antarctic region is extremely rich in mineral resources. According to the distribution of identified resources, the reserves of coal, iron and oil are the largest in the world!

At present, more than 20 countries have established research stations in Antarctica, including four in China alone, and each country has established research stations one after another, all of which are aimed at solving many problems encountered in geography, and everyone is very interested in the resources of Antarctica.

Basically, developed countries and our country have established research stations in Antarctica, like the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, Russia. Because Antarctica is a no-man's land, there are many things unknown to human beings, and whoever takes the lead first and establishes the research station first is like planting a flag and covering an area.

The biggest difference between the Antarctic and the North Pole is that the Antarctic is called Antarctica, and there is a vast land under the ice and snow, while the North Pole is called the Arctic Ocean, and the ice and snow are just a vast ocean underneath. Most countries are vying to build research stations in Antarctica, and their purpose is not entirely to study the so-called climate and environment, or scientific research and research work, but to prepare for the competition for Antarctica's rich mineral resources in the future.

The difference between the temperature of the Antarctic and the North Pole is first manifested in the temperature, the lowest temperature in the Antarctic was measured at the Russian Vostok Station, and the average temperature was about minus 50 degrees; The minimum temperature in the Arctic is minus 68 degrees, and the average temperature is more than minus 20 degrees, so regardless of the minimum temperature or average temperature, the Antarctic is more than 20 degrees lower than the Arctic, but in recent years, with the intensification of the earth's greenhouse effect, the average temperature of the North and South Poles is gradually increasing.

Mineral DifferencesAntarctica has the purest ice in the world at present, which has great commercial value in the future, and the mineral resources in the Antarctic land are very rich, but for the purpose of protecting the environment, countries have reached an agreement not to exploit for the time being; The Arctic has less mineral resources than the Antarctic, and coal and oil extraction began a hundred years ago.

The difference between penguins in the Antarctic and polar bears in the Arctic have adapted to different temperatures and living environments. If polar bears are transferred to live in Antarctica, they may not be able to stand the low temperature in Antarctica, and there is relatively little ice floe in Antarctica, so polar bears predation life is also a problem; If penguins are transferred to the Arctic to live, there are too many natural predators of penguins, and they are likely to be hunted by various animals such as polar bears and white foxes. In addition, although there is a large land area in Antarctica, there are no trees or grasses, and only lower plants such as mosses grow in some places; Some parts of the Arctic Circle are different, with not only dense forests and weeds, but also blooming flowers.

The difference between the Antarctic and the North Pole is that the geographical location and latitude and longitude are different, as well as the temperature and environment. Because the Antarctic is an island, and the Arctic is an ocean, that's why we went to Antarctica to build a station.

The most striking difference between them is their geographical location and terrain. Antarctica is a continent surrounded by oceans, and it is located at the southernmost point of the Earth; The Arctic, on the other hand, is an ocean basin surrounded by continents, and it is located at the northernmost point of the planet.

Both the Antarctic and the North Pole are cold, but the climate in the Antarctic is much harsher than in the Arctic. Antarctica enjoys the extreme titles of "the world's cold pole", "the world's wind pole" and "the world's dry pole". In particular, its average annual temperature in the Antarctic is -50, while the average annual temperature in the Arctic is much higher at -18.

First of all, we know that Antarctica has the largest ice sheet in the world, and this huge ice sheet makes it the world's largest "cold source", which exudes cold air all day long, and quickly cools the air.

Secondly, as we all know, the South Pole is a continent that surrounds it and surrounds the vast Southern Ocean. The Southern Ocean is frozen by sea ice for most of the time, and some of it even lingers for many years, which greatly hinders the exchange of seawater and air, keeping the sea surface around Antarctica cooler at all times.

Third, Antarctica is a continent surrounded by oceans; The Arctic is the ocean, surrounded by land. This fundamental difference makes them very different. We know that the continent absorbs a lot of heat, but it also dissipates heat quickly, so the heat storage capacity of the Antarctic continent is very poor.

The Arctic is the ocean, and the heat storage capacity of seawater far exceeds that of the Antarctic continent. So, this difference in topography results in the Antarctic being much colder than the Arctic.

Fourth, the white Antarctic ice sheet acts like a giant mirror that reflects most of the received solar radiation back into the air. The Arctic does not have an ice sheet of the size of the Antarctic, so it will not lose such a huge amount of radiant energy.

In general, the North and South Pole terrain, especially in winter, promote the movement of warm air from the Atlantic Ocean to the north. It is the topography and latitude and longitude that determine the direction of their air currents and ocean currents, resulting in great differences.

The Antarctic has more continents and fewer oceans, while the Arctic has more oceans and fewer continents. While the Arctic continent part is owned by several countries, and the land part belongs to 8 countries, the United States, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Russia. The Antarctic continent does not belong to any one country and is owned by mankind, so it is relatively easy to build a station in Antarctica.

Both the South and North Poles are extremely cold places. However, they are located in different geographical locations on the earth, and their latitude and longitude are also different, so the temperature and environment are different. The South Pole is an island, and the North Pole is an ocean, so the station can only be built in the South Pole.

The Antarctic is a state, the Arctic is an ocean, the Arctic is not suitable for scientific research, and there is no land there, so scientists choose the South Pole.

Because the Antarctic is terra nullius, as long as you have the ability, you can set up research stations, and the Arctic is a sovereign country surrounded by the ocean, and if you want to go, you must be recognized by Russia, Canada, the United States, Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Iceland, and you can only establish scientific research stations on other people's land with permission. There are no restrictions in Antarctica, as long as you protect the environment and do not engage in military activities.

Antarctica is a continent, with many continents and few oceans, which is convenient for building stations. And the Arctic is mainly the Arctic Ocean, with many oceans and few continents. Not conducive to building a website. And the Antarctic continent does not belong to any one country. So all countries can go.

Because although the South Pole and the North Pole are both used as electromechanical for the rotation of the earth, the difference between the two is very large, the South Pole is a continent-like existence, with a wide area and is suitable for building stations, while the North Pole is only a small area and is not suitable.

What is the difference between Antarctica and the North Pole, many countries go to Antarctica to build stations, because the Arctic is an ocean, there is no land here, so there is no way to build a base station, Antarctica is a state, there is a road here, so choose to build a base station here.

China, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Netherlands, Argentina, France, Japan, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and South Korea

Specific site: Antarctica.

Australia: Casey Station, Davis Station, Mawson Station.

Argentina: Orcadas Station, General Belgraro Station, San Martín Station, Primavera Station, Russia: Vostok Station, Russia Station, Youth Station, Leningrad Station, Nova Lazarev Station, Germany: G. von Neomeyer.

France: Dumont Duville Dilville.

USA: Amundsen-Scott Station, Palmer Station, Sepur Station.

South Africa: Sana'a Station.

Japan: Fuji Dome (base station), Showa Station, Mizuho Station.

South Korea: King Sejong Station.

New Zealand: Scott Station Wanda Station.

United Kingdom: Rothera Station, Faraday Station, Rothera Station, Gruttwiken Station, Sigrani Island Station, China: Great Wall Station, Zhongshan Station.

Arctic: China (Yellow River Station), Norway, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, South Korea.

Antarctica seems to be larger than Australia, and there are so many research stations, who has time to give you a trillion to go.

It is recommended that you take a junior high school geography book, guess the pants rent the east and west hemispheres according to the longitude to find, because there are too many for fear of missing the number or repeating the pure qi. Yikes

The Arctic land part belongs to the eight circum-Arctic countries of Russia, the United States, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Sweden and Finland. The main seas are the Greenland Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the Barents Sea and the White Sea. Although all land in the Arctic belongs to the eight circum-Arctic countries, China, as a signatory to the Spitsbergen Treaty, has full rights to set out in the treaty, including scientific expeditions, which gives China a legal basis for establishing scientific expeditions in the region.

The Yellow River Station in the Arctic of China is located in Ny-Ålsund, in the Spitsbergen archipelago of Norway at 78°55 north latitude and 11°56 east longitude. It is China's first Arctic research station, which was established on July 28, 2004. At present, there are scientific research stations in Norway, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan and South Korea adjacent to the Yellow River Station.

After the completion of the Yellow River Station, it will be the eighth national scientific research station in the Arctic region.

Antarctica is the only continent where no people have settled. Twenty-eight countries have established 53 scientific research stations. According to the International Antarctic Treaty adopted in June 1961, the territorial sovereignty claims of 10 countries, including the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Germany, South Africa, Australia, France, Norway, Chile, Argentina and Brazil, were frozen, stipulating that Antarctica should only be used for peaceful purposes, and that Antarctica does not belong to any one country, but to all mankind.

The People's Republic of China officially joined in 1983 and established the Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station, as well as the Kunlun Station, and the Taishan Station was established on February 8, 2014. In this regard, China has four polar research stations in the Antarctic region.