What is the reason for the discrepancy between the highest and lowest values of the Gaussian distanc

Gaussian curvature.

The most important intrinsic geometric quantities in surface theory. Let the two principal curvatures of the surface at point p be k1 and k2, and their products k k1·k2 are called the total curvature or Gaussian curvature of the surface at that point. It reflects the degree to which the surface is bent.

The absolute value of Gaussian curvature k has obvious geometric significance. Let δ be a small piece of surface on the surface containing point p (its area is still denoted by δ), and translate the unit normal n of each point on the δ to the origin o of e3, then the trajectory of the end point of n is a region on the unit sphere s2 centered on o δ This correspondence is called a Gaussian map.

The degree of bending of the surface near point p can be depicted using δ *whose area is still represented by δ *) to δ. The absolute value of the Gaussian curvature of the surface at point p is the limit of this ratio when δ shrinks to point p.

I'm also speechless, GPS directly shows geodetic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude, not Gaussian coordinates.

The latitude and longitude of the geodetic coordinates obtained by GPS observation can be calculated by Gaussian projection as the right-angled mark of the Nassen plane, and the distance can be calculated by the right-angle coordinates of the Gaussian projection plane of two points.

As long as you know the parameters of the WGS-84 ellipsoid used in GPS, you can convert the latitude and longitude of the earth (b, l, and H) to the plane Cartesian coordinates (x, y) by the following Gaussian projection formula.

This is because the coordinate system used for measurement is different from the mathematical coordinate system. It needs to be on the Gaussian plane to be calculated with a formula.

The Gaussian coordinates have to be turned back. Spherical distances are calculated in geodetic coordinates. For specific formulas, refer to the textbook of surveying and mapping.

The virtual clear you are talking about should be the grid distance in the PCB.

You can split it in the bottom right corner of the design--options--layers page, where there are 2 visible grids where you can choose the size of the network distance.

The top differential source is preceded by a small grid, and the bottom is a large grid.

In addition to the reason for the above tool, or is not the snapping grid. It's the magnet-like button on the toolbar above.,See if you press it.,Just click it out again.。

You select the Move Tool, double-click on it, and there will be a reply on the Reset Tool button, and that's it!

There are 4 vertices in the figure, which are 2 roads in and out; There are 4 roads in and out of each of the 3 intermediate points, and 3 roads in and out of each of the 8 points on the side. Therefore, choose 2 points from the 8 points on the 8 sides of the 3 roads in and out as the starting point. The distance from the vertex to this point is additionally added.

Therefore, a total of 6 of the 8 points on the side need to be walked twice, and the 2 start and end points selected are only 1 time. Each additional pass requires at least 4 more distances to complete the state when you pass this point for the first time.

So the shortest total distance is 22 + 4 * 6 = 46

Do not repeat the shortest walk. But it's not a single stroke, it can only be repeated.