What is a transistor and how does a transistor work?

A transistor is a semiconductor device, and a crystal diode has a negative and positive electrode (equivalent to the cathode and anode of an electronic diode), which acts the same as an electron tube triode; A transistor has three poles: a collector, a base, and an emitter (corresponding to the anode, gate, and cathode of the tube, respectively), and is mainly used for amplification circuits and switching circuits. Transistors have been much smaller than tubes, and computers that were the size of several rooms were made out of tubes, and transistors have been reduced to several cabinets.

An integrated circuit is a circuit composed of transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other devices into a module, which is called an integrated block. With the development of science and technology, the size of the manifold is getting smaller and smaller, and it contains more and more circuits. Therefore, the computer has shrunk from the size of several cabinets to a chassis or "notebook", or even smaller, and the functions have expanded much.

Here's how it works:

First of all, the power supply acts on the emission junction so that the emission junction is positively biased, and the free electrons in the emission region continue to flow to the base region, forming an emitter current.

Secondly, after the free electrons flow from the emission region to the base region, they first gather near the emission junction, but with the increase of free electrons here, an electron concentration difference is formed in the base region, so that the free electrons gradually flow from the emission junction to the collector junction in the base region, forming a collector current.

Finally, due to the large reverse voltage at the collector junction, the free electrons in the collector region are prevented from diffusing to the base region, and the free electrons gathered near the collector junction are attracted to the collector region to form the collector current.

The history of the birth of transistors.

At the time, market leaders were reluctant to embrace personal computing for the simple reason that the input-output ratio was too low, the software was not standardized, and potential users were limited by professional skills.

However, when the 8080 processor was widely used in various terminal devices, Intel's engineers began to realize the importance of personal computing and tried to convince the company's executives to start personal computing business as soon as possible. And Steve Wozniak, a genius designer who was still working at HP at the time, did the same thing – suggesting that HP start a personal computing business.

In December 1947, on the basis of the research of semiconductor experts such as Michael Faraday, Julius Lillingfeld, Boris Davidev, Russell Orr, and Carl L-Horowitz, five scientists, William Shockley, Walter Bratton, John Bardeen, Robert Gibb, and Gerald Pearson, jointly developed the industry's first transistor at Bell Labs.

A transistor is a solid-state semiconductor device with a variety of functions such as detection, rectification, amplification, switching, voltage regulation, and signal modulation.

Transistors include diodes, transistors, MOSFETs, thyristors, etc., and sometimes refer specifically to bipolar devices. A transistor is a variable current switch that controls the output current based on the input voltage. It is often used in amplifiers or electronic switches.

Transistors are the basic building blocks that regulate the operation of computers, cell phones, and all other modern electronic circuits.

Due to their fast response and high accuracy, transistors can be used for a wide variety of digital and analog functions, including amplification, switching, voltage regulation, signal modulation, and oscillators. Transistors can be individually packaged or in a very small area that can accommodate a portion of a transistor integrated circuit of 100 million or more.

The role is:1The diode can be used as a one-way switch.

2.Transistors can be amplified with overcurrent.

3.Logical operations can also be carried out through the splicing of transistors.

4.The chips used are digital or analog circuits composed of splicing of transistors.

The internal working principle of the transistor is simple: the current flowing between the base PS2707-1 and the emitter is constantly monitored, and the current source between the collector and emitter is controlled so that the current flow between the base and emitter is tens to hundreds of times that of the current between the base and the emitter (depending on the type of transistor). In other words, a transistor is a device that uses a base current to control the collector-emitter current.

From the outside, the input current at the base is increased and appears at the collector and emission terminals, so it can be seen that the input signal is amplified.

Although there are thousands of varieties of transistors in practice, they differ only in terms of maximum specifications, electrical characteristics, and form factor.

A transistor is a device that detects the current flowing between the base and the emitter and then controls the current between the collector and the emitter, so it works as long as the current flows between the base and the emitter. In other words, it is sufficient to design an external circuit that allows the current to flow between the base and the emitter.