What is Earth Graticule? How are the latitude and longitude of the earth determined?

On the globe, we can see a lot of criss-crossing lines, which are the latitude and longitude lines. The threads that connect the north and south poles are called meridians, and the threads that intersect perpendicular to the meridians are called parallels. In fact, the surface of the earth we live in is not drawn with latitude and longitude lines.

The latitude and longitude lines are auxiliary lines that people imagine on maps and globes in order to determine the position and direction on the earth, just like assuming a coordinate system for the earth. We see vertically intersecting lines of longitude and latitude on the globe, which is called a graticule. Using the latitude and longitude marked on the globe, we can identify the direction and can accurately locate the position of any point on the earth's surface.

Graticule plays a great role in aviation, navigation, military, meteorology and other aspects.

No matter what point on the earth's surface, we can draw a meridian and another parallel perpendicular to it. In order to be able to distinguish so many warp and weft threads, each warp and weft thread is given a name, which is what we usually call longitude and latitude. Longitude represents the name of each meridian, and latitude represents the name of each parallel.

We call the circle on the globe that goes around in an east-west direction the parallel. The wefts are parallel to each other, and because the wefts are unequal in length, the size of the weft coils is also unequal. The longest parallel on the globe that divides the earth in two is called the equator.

We can also call it the 0° parallel. The largest of the weft coils is the equator, which is centered on the equator to the north and south poles, and the weft coils are shrinking. The dimension north of the equator is called northern latitude; Those south of the equator are called southern latitudes.

There are 90° north and south latitudes.

All the circles on the earth that are cut off from the ground by the plane of the earth's axis are called "warp coils". We call the semicircle into which the warp coil is divided by the poles as the "meridian". Unlike the weft, all meridians are equal in length and intersect at the poles of the north and south poles.

Although the meridian does not exist in reality, if we want to quickly find our warp on the ground, we only need to stand a bamboo pole on the ground, and at noon, the moment the sun reaches its highest point, the shadow of the bamboo pole is the meridian of your location. So we can also call the meridian a meridian.

These invisible graticules are not only an important discovery in people's exploration, but also provide great convenience for all aspects of our life and work.

On a globe or on a map, the meridians and parallels are intertwined, which is called the graticule.

On a globe or on a map, the meridians and latitudes are intertwined to form a graticule.

Using the latitude and longitude marked on it, it is possible to determine the geographical locations of various places, regions, and various geographical locations on the earth's surface. It is useful in military, aviation, navigation, etc. For example, a ship sails on the vast sea, and an airplane flies in the open sky, and no matter where it goes, people can use instruments to accurately determine its latitude and longitude and thus determine its position.

On the map and the globe, we can see thin lines, horizontal and vertical, much like the squares on a chessboard, which are the meridians and latitudes. Based on these latitude and longitude lines, the position and direction of any place on the ground can be accurately determined.

1. The longitude and latitude lines are drawn on globes and maps in order to determine the position and direction on the earth, and there are no longitude and latitude lines drawn on the ground.

2. The line connecting the north and south poles is called the meridian line. The thread perpendicular to the warp is called the weft. The weft is a circle of varying lengths. The longest parallel is the equator. Because the meridian indicates the north-south direction, the meridian is also called the meridian.

3. Internationally, the meridian that passes through the original site of the Greenwich Observatory in the United Kingdom is called the 0° meridian.

Also called prime meridian.

On Earth, the meridian lines indicate the north-south direction, and the latitude lines indicate the east-west direction.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: I would like to know who invented the graticule and why it is divided this way?

Analysis: In order to accurately indicate the position of various places on the earth, people have assumed a coordinate system on the earth's surface, which is the line of latitude and longitude. So, how did the original latitude and longitude lines come about?

How is it measured? In 344 A.D., Alexander crossed the sea and invaded the sea, and then went on an expedition to the east, accompanied by the military geographer Nirkus, who searched for information along the way, and prepared to draw a "map of the world". He found that the route of Alexander's crusade was similar from west to east, regardless of the change of seasons and the length of sunshine.

An important contribution was made - for the first time on earth, a line of latitude was drawn from the Strait of Gibraltar and along the Torus and the Himalayas to the Pacific Ocean.

Alexander's empire was short-lived and soon collapsed. But in the Egyptian city named after Alexandria, a famous library appeared in the bureau, and Eratostheni, who had been the director for many years, was very knowledgeable and proficient in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. He calculated the circumference of the Earth at 46,250 kilometres and drew a map of the world with seven meridians and six parallels.

In 120 A.D., a young man also studied astronomy and geography in this ancient library. He was Claudius Ptolemy. Ptolemy synthesized the research results of his predecessors and believed that the drawing of maps should be based on the fixed points of known latitude and longitude, and proposed the concept of drawing a network of latitude and longitude lines on the map.

To this end, Ptolemy measured the latitude and longitude of important cities and strongholds in the Mediterranean and compiled eight volumes of geography. This includes the latitude and longitude of 8,000 places. In order to make the latitude and longitude lines of the earth depict on a flat surface, he managed to draw the latitude and longitude lines into simple fan shapes, thus drawing the famous "Ptolemaic map".

At the beginning of the 15th century, the navigator Henry began to put the "Ptolemaic map" into practice. However, after repeated investigations, it was found that the map was not practical. Some of Henry's captains said regretfully

In spite of our admiration for the famous Ptolemy, we find that the truth is the opposite of what he says. ”

To correctly determine latitude and longitude, the key is to have a "standard clock". It is obviously much more convenient and practical to make accurate clocks to keep time at sea than to rely on celestial bodies. Advances in mechanical engineering in the 18th century finally set the stage for solving this long-standing problem.

There is a watchmaker Harrison in Yorkshire, England, who spent 42 years making five timepieces in a row, each more precise and perfect than the other, and the accuracy is getting higher and higher. The fifth, which was the size of a pocket watch, caused an error of only 1 3 miles in the determination of longitude. Around the same time, a marine timepiece designed and manufactured by the French clockmaker Pierre Leroy was put into use.

At this point, the problem of measuring the longitude of Chunqi at sea has finally been preliminarily solved.

<> latitude and longitude of the earth refers to the degree of the latitude and longitude of the earth. Longitude is the degree of a point on Earth that is east of or west of a north-south alignment known as the prime meridian. The longitude of the prime meridian is 0 degrees, and the longitude of other parts of the earth is 180 degrees east or 180 degrees west.

North latitude is positive and south latitude is negative. Latitude refers to the normal line of a point on the ellipsoidal surface, and the line-plane angle between the normal of the point and the plane of the equator, its value is between 0 and 90 degrees. The latitude of a point north of the equator is called north latitude and is denoted as n; The latitude of a point located south of the equator is called south latitude and is denoted as s.

When the earth rotates, there is a fixed point in the north and south called the south pole and the north pole. The imaginary line connecting the north and south poles through the center of the earth is the axis of the earth, the axis of rotation of the earth.

The latitude of the earth is determined by the control points of the equator and the north and south poles to determine the latitude and longitude (geographical coordinates), and the angle between the line between the line between the ground and the center of the earth and the equatorial plane is called the latitude of the point, the north latitude in the northern hemisphere, and the southern latitude in the southern hemisphere.

The latitude of the earth and the destruction of the heart refers to the line between a certain point and the spherical center of the earth and the angle of the line formed by the equatorial plane of the earth, the latitude of the earth refers to the angle between the normal of the ground and the equatorial plane of a certain place, and the astronomical latitude refers to the angle between the direction of the plumb line of the place and the equatorial surface.

The latitude we usually talk about is the geodetic latitude, and its value is between 0 and 90 degrees, the latitude of the point located north of the equator is called the north latitude, which is denoted as n, and the latitude of the point located south of the equator is called the southern latitude, denoted as s.

There are several types of latitudes: geographical, astronomical, and geocentric, and the difference between these latitudes is not large, and in most cases, latitude refers to geographic latitude (i.e., the latitude used to draw the map).

The warp and weft lines are distinguished as follows:

Latitude: 90° to the south and north from the equator, south to south and north to north.

Longitude: 180° to east and west from the prime meridian, east is east longitude and west is west longitude.

The longitude and latitude lines are drawn on globes and maps in order to determine the position and direction on the earth, and they are parallel on the ground. The thread perpendicular to the warp thread is called the weft thread. The weft is a circle of varying lengths.

The longest parallel is the equator. Because the meridian indicates the north-south direction, the meridian is also called the meridian.

The criss-crossing lines on the globe are the latitude and longitude lines.