What are the characteristics of various rail transit types in China?

Hello. 1. Urban rail transit has a strong transportation capacity.

2. Urban rail transit has high punctuality.

3. Urban rail transit has high speed.

4. Urban rail transit has high comfort.

5. Urban rail transit has high safety.

6. Urban rail transit can make full use of the underground and aboveground space.

7. The system operating cost of urban rail transit is low.

8. Urban rail transit has less pollution to the environment.

Hope mine can help you, hope, thank you.

The seven types of urban rail transit are trams, underground railways, light rail transit, suburban railways, monorails, new transportation systems, and maglev trains.

1. Tram: It is a light rail transit vehicle that is driven by electric strip force and runs on the track.

2. Underground railway: refers to the urban railway system or MRT system that mainly runs underground. Since many of these systems may also have above-ground sections in order to match the built environment, they usually cover a variety of underground and above-ground high-density transportation systems in metro areas.

3. Light rail transit: refers to an electrically driven "urban rail transit" system.

4. Suburban railway: It is a railway that connects the urban area and the suburbs of the city and connects the satellite towns or urban circles of dozens of kilometers or even larger around the city.

5. Monorail: It is characterized by the use of only one track, instead of the two balanced rails of the traditional railway. Similar to urban rail transit systems, monorails are mainly used in densely populated urban areas to carry passengers.

6. New transportation system: It is the overall development of the newly developed transportation mode with high speed, punctuality, comfort and low pollution and its operation service system, and it is a new type of transportation that appears in the 60s of the 20th century and is different from the traditional transportation mode.

7. Maglev train: It is a train that is propelled by magnetic levitation, which realizes the non-contact suspension and guidance between the train and the track through electromagnetic force, and then uses the electromagnetic force generated by the linear motor to pull the train to run.

Urban rail transit.

The employment prospects of this major can be said to be very good, and now many cities are building subways and light rails, and high-speed rail bullet trains extend in all directions. After studying this major, you can find a job in a wide range of fields after graduation, such as station managers, conductors, and technical vehicle maintenance personnel.

The major of urban rail transit involves professional courses such as Introduction to Urban Rail Transit and Operation Organization, which are the basic knowledge of the major. The second is the expansion of auxiliary professional knowledge such as fire protection, water supply and drainage, ventilation and other subways, and will also involve some technical professional knowledge, such as vehicle maintenance and overhaul, as well as the first monitoring system.

commissioning and management. It can be said that this major is a practical and technical major, but it is also somewhat difficult, because the professional knowledge involved is particularly complex and numerous. However, this major is very popular among boys, and it belongs to the engineering major, and there are fewer female students who choose this major.

The employment prospects of urban rail transit major are very broad, and many universities did not have this major in the past.

Nowadays, with the development of the economy, the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for transportation has been improved, the subway and light rail have been vigorously built in major cities, and the subway station and light rail have also shortened the time for people to commute to work, and the mode of travel, people prefer the subway and light rail. Therefore, the development of the urban rail transit industry requires a large number of related professional talents.

After learning this major, you can go to the subway station as a conductor, security inspector, conductor, and station command and management personnel after graduation. There are many positions, and the demand for personnel is also very large, so it is still easy to find a job for people in this major. You can also focus on the technical direction of this specialty, and you can go to work as a vehicle overhaul and maintenance personnel.

After all, the vehicle needs to be overhauled and maintained frequently, because it requires strong professional knowledge and technical ability, so the requirements for relevant technical personnel are also high, but the salary is very good.

Classification of urban rail transit.

Hello, 1. Subway system.

The subway is a large-capacity rail transportation system, using steel wheel rail system, the standard gauge is 1435mm, mainly in the underground space of large cities to build tunnels, when conditions permit, can also penetrate the ground, on the ground or on the viaduct run.

2. Light rail system.

The most important feature of light rail transit is that its capacity is smaller than that of the subway, and its one-way peak hour section flow is between 10,000 and 30,000 people.

3. Monorail system.

Monorail system is a kind of vehicle and special track beam combined into one operation of the medium-volume rail transit system, the track beam not only makes the load-bearing structure of the vehicle, but also the guide track of the vehicle operation.

4. Tram.

Trams have low speeds, small capacity, poor comfort, and backward technology. Many countries have retrofitted or dismantled it.

5. Magnetic levitation system.

The normally conductive maglev line can make the vehicle float up to a height of 10 mm to 15 mm, run at a low speed, and be driven by an induction linear motor.

6. Urban rapid rail system.

Hello, urban rail transit can be divided into trams, underground railways, urban rapid railways, light rail transit, monorail transit, new transportation systems, etc.

1. Subway. Most of the urban rail transit systems are built underground, so they are mostly called "underground railways", or simply subways, subways, subways. In order to match the construction environment, there are also ground and above-ground road sections, so it usually covers various underground and above-ground high- and medium-volume transportation systems in the metropolitan area.

2. Light rail (light rail).

In the professional field, the distinction between "light rail" and "subway" lies in the difference in line adaptability, "light rail" refers to the urban rail transit system with the ability to mix with motor vehicles, and "subway" refers to the urban rail transit system without the ability to mix with motor vehicles.

3. Tram.

In the late 19th and 20th centuries, before the maturity and popularization of automobile technology, trams used to be the mainstay of public transportation within cities. In China, trams used to be quite popular, and large and medium-sized cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Harbin, Shenyang, Changchun, Dalian, Anshan, Hong Kong, etc.

The main types of modern urban rail transit include subways, light rail railways, suburban railways, AGT automatic guidance systems, monorail railways, maglev railways, airport liaison railways, light and fast trams, etc. Compared with urban road traffic, its main advantages are:

1) It has a large transportation capacity. Due to the high-density operation mode, the urban rail transit has a short train departure interval, high driving speed, and a large number of train marshalling vehicles, which has a large transportation capacity. One-way peak hour capacity:

10,000 to 40,000 people on light rail rail, 40,000 to 60,000 on subway, and 60,000 to 80,000 on suburban rail.

2) Have high punctuality. Because the urban rail transit vehicles run on the special lane, they are not disturbed by other traffic and hitching tools, and will not produce congestion, nor are they affected by climatic conditions.

3) There is a high level of security. Urban rail transit, no level crossing, fully enclosed, full interchange, not disturbed by pedestrians and other means of transportation, has a high safety.

4) There is a high level of comfort. Compared to regular public transportation, the track is flatter than the road and the traffic is smooth. Some vehicles and stations are equipped with air-conditioning, guidance facilities and other facilities, and the riding conditions are superior and the comfort is good.

5) It has high speediness. Compared with conventional public transportation, rail transit has higher starting and braking acceleration, trains start and stop quickly, and have higher running speed. Rail transit mostly uses high platforms, which is convenient for passengers to take the train, transfer quickly, and the transit time is short, so they can reach their destinations quickly.

6) It can effectively save land. Urban rail transit can make full use of underground and above-ground space, which can save land.

7) Good effect on environmental protection. Due to the use of electric traction, urban rail transit does not produce exhaust pollution, and the elevated line located in the urban area is also convenient to take various noise reduction and noise prevention measures, and generally does not produce serious noise pollution to the urban environment.

8) There is a lower social cost. Compared with conventional public transportation, it has lower operating costs, road costs, parking lot costs, traffic accident loss costs, environmental costs, and time value costs due to the use of electric traction and energy saving. Among them, the cost of occupying roads, parking lots, and traffic accident losses is basically zero.

Rail transit has many advantages:

1. Save land and have a large transportation capacity. A double-track rail transit line has roughly the same transportation capacity as a 16-lane highway, and the priority of the road has been strongly guaranteed.

2. The running time is stable, easy to attract people to ride, and safety accidents are extremely rare - because rail transit adopts higher technical standards and stricter management measures, the safety is much higher than that of highway traffic, and accidents of urban rail transit in all countries in the world are extremely rare.

3. The investment is small, the cost is one-third of the subway, the cost of the subway is as high as 400 million to 600 million kilometers, the cost of the light rail is only 100 million kilometers, only 1 3 of the subway cost is 2 times the speed of the subway, and the running speed of the intercity fast track will reach 160 kilometers to 200 kilometers per hour, which is twice the speed of the subway.

4. Safety and environmental protection, electricity as the power consumption is 3 5 of the bus, saving energy and reducing air pollution. The energy consumption per unit of transportation volume, the rail transit system is only 3 5 of the buses, and 1 6 of the private vehiclesThe electricity used by light rail trains is a clean energy source, unlike gas locomotives, which produce waste oil and residue.

5. The carrying capacity of passengers exceeds that of ordinary buses, generally about 200 per car.

6. The noise is lower than that of large trucks - reduce noise. The noise generated by rail transit is easy to control, and the impact noise in train operation can be reduced by taking technical measures, such as the use of extra-long seamless steel rails, the use of elastic wheels, which can reduce friction noise, and the noise can also be reduced through urban planning and necessary sound insulation. According to monitoring, the noise of large trucks on the road reaches 94 decibels, while the light rail train can reduce the operating noise to about 70 decibels.

In addition, in addition to special circumstances such as warnings, intercity rapid rail transit generally does not need to honk when it is dry.

With its distinctive characteristics, urban rail transit occupies an unshakable leading position in urban public transportation. Its characteristics include: 1) the use of train marshalling operation, large capacity; 2) Good line conditions and control system, fast speed; 3) Electric traction, less pollution, good environmental protection; 4) Underground and elevated laying methods can be adopted, covering a small area; 5) Fully isolated right-of-way mode, strong safety and reliability; 6) Good environmental control system and waiting environment, good ride comfort; 7) There are also disadvantages such as large construction investment, road network structure is not easy to adjust, high operating costs, and high technical requirements.

Rail transit has unique advantages such as economy, environmental protection and high efficiency, which has a positive effect on improving transportation capacity and improving the travel efficiency of the masses.

The threshold for the number of people in rail transit is also low, so the total mileage of rail transit is longer. At this stage, the number of urban motor vehicles in China is constantly rising, the contradiction of transportation and urban production layout defects is becoming increasingly prominent, traffic congestion is a typical urban disease, and the living and activity space of human beings has been repeatedly compressed, which not only affects the quality of life of the people, but also restricts the further development of the city. The urban rail transit does not occupy the ground space, and the transportation volume is large, the efficiency is high, and the number of people who choose rail transit travel after the capacity is increased is more, which can well alleviate the problem of traffic jams, and the reduction of the number of ground motor vehicles can reduce the air pollution caused by automobile exhaust emissions; At the same time, the construction of urban rail transit can drive the development of a series of industries, such as infrastructure construction, intelligent equipment research and development, real estate market development and so on.

And it has a significant role in promoting the comprehensive strength and overall image of the city and eliminating the defects of the urban structure.

The large amount of capital investment in rail transit is also a typical feature. Usually, it takes at least about five years for a city's rail transit construction to take at least five years from preliminary planning to operation, during which time it is necessary to face a large number of construction design, preparation, construction, and operation work, which also forms an upstream, middle and downstream industrial chain around urban rail transit. From the upstream point of view, it is mainly the construction preparation stage of rail transit, that is, the specific planning, coordination and design of rail transit projects; As far as the midstream of the industrial chain is concerned, it is mainly the construction stage, such as:

processes such as land acquisition, civil construction, and vehicle purchase; The downstream of the industrial chain mainly refers to the operation and maintenance of rail transit in the later stage. To a certain extent, the rail transit project is equivalent to the lifeline project of the city, which has a significant role in promoting the development of the industrial chain, improving the urban space, and driving the upgrading of the city's internal structure.