What is the essence of Confucius and Mencius? The essence of Confucius and Mencian thought

Confucius and Mencius are representatives of Confucianism, and the essence of Confucius and Mencius thought is to advocate benevolence and righteousness.

Confucius's thought is the core of benevolence, and benevolence is love for others. Put forward the arguments that you do not want to do to others, establish others if you want to do them, and reach others if you want to achieve them, advocate the way of loyalty and forgiveness, and think that the implementation of benevolent government should be based on etiquette as the norm, and self-denial and retribution as benevolence. Since the Western Han Dynasty, the Confucian doctrine has become the cultural orthodoxy of the feudal society for more than 2,000 years, and has had a great influence.

Mencius inherited and developed Confucius's idea of rule by virtue, which developed into the doctrine of benevolent government, which became the core of his political thought. He applied the principle of proximity and longevity to politics in order to alleviate the contradictions between the ranks and safeguard the long-term interests of the feudal ruling class. Mencius closely integrated ethics and politics, emphasizing that moral cultivation is the foundation of doing a good job in politics.

The highest category of Mencius's philosophical thought is heaven. Mencius inherited Confucius's idea of the Mandate of Heaven, eliminated the residual meaning of personality and deity, and imagined Heaven as a spiritual entity with moral attributes.

Confucius is the founder of Confucianism, and the core of his thinking is "benevolence" and "propriety". The proposition of "benevolence" is that "benevolent people love others", and this proposition requires the ruling class to be sensitive to the people's feelings and oppose harsh government.

Confucius believed that in order to achieve "love for others", it is also necessary to follow the way of "loyalty and forgiveness", that is, the requirement of "do not do unto others as you would have them do unto you". The proposition of "rites" is "self-denial and revenge", that is, to restrain oneself and make oneself meet the requirements of "rites", and the "rites" pursued by Confucius are the hierarchical system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Confucius further put forward the idea of "correct names", that is, to correct the hierarchical order and achieve the order of the noble and low. This reflects the conservative side of his political thinking.

The main idea of the Tao of Confucius and Mencius is to promote virtues such as benevolence, righteousness, propagation, courtesy, wisdom, and faith. For the society, it is to carry forward the Chinese virtues, that is, the way of welfare, love for the people, fairness, justice, honesty, trustworthiness, reform, innovation, civilization, harmony, democracy and the rule of law.

The essence of the Tao of Confucius and Mencius includes pre-Qin Confucianism, Confucius's benevolence and propriety, the etiquette system from the pre-Confucius era to Confucius's benevolence and etiquette, Confucius's benevolence, Confucius's etiquette, Confucius's filial piety, filial piety in the Analects, the book of filial piety on filial piety, Confucius's concept of life, the background of the formation of Confucius's concept of life, and the characteristics and connotations of Confucius's concept of life.

The background of the Tao of Confucius and Mencius. The Tao of Confucius and Mencius was founded by Confucius, a thinker in the late Spring and Autumn Period, after nearly 1,700 years of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in the history of Chinese civilization. The Confucian doctrine founded by Confucius summarizes, generalizes, and inherits a complete ideological system formed on the basis of the traditional culture of respecting relatives and relatives in the Xia, Shang, and Third dynasties.

The main thoughts of Confucius and Mencius are to promote virtues such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety, courtesy, wisdom, and faith. For the society, it is to carry forward the virtue of Zhongjiao Jihua, that is, the way of welfare, love for the people, fairness, justice, honesty, trustworthiness, reform, innovation, civilization, harmony, democracy and rule of law.