How proteins amino acids enter the body

Eat it. The protein in food must be degraded into amino acids before it can be used by the body, and the protein in the body must be decomposed into amino acids before it can continue to be oxidized, decomposed or transformed. .

Free amino acids can synthesize their own proteins, can be oxidized to liberate energy, can be converted into sugars or lipids, and can also synthesize other bioactive substances. Synthetic proteins are the main uses 1Digestion in the stomach:

Hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach denatures the protein, makes it easy to digest, activates pepsin, maintains its optimal pH, and can kill bacteria. Pepsin can be autocatalytically activated to break down proteins to produce peptones. Digestion of the stomach is important, but not necessary, and people with total gastrectomy can still digest protein.

2.The intestine is the main site of digestion. Bicarbonate secreted by the intestine can neutralize gastric acid and provide a suitable environment for trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, etc.

Enterokinase activates trypsin, which in turn activates other enzymes, so trypsin plays a central role, and there are small peptides in the pancreatic fluid that inhibit its activity, preventing premature activation in cells or ducts. Exogenous proteins are decomposed into amino acids and small peptides in the intestine, which enter the intestinal epithelial cells through specific amino acids and small peptide transport systems, and the small peptides are thoroughly hydrolyzed by aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase and dipeptidase and enter the blood. So there are only amino acids in the portal vein after meals.

Under normal circumstances, macromolecules such as proteins cannot directly enter the human body, and only after being decomposed into amino acids, the absorption of amino acids should be carried out in the small intestine.

It is broken down into amino acids by proteases in the small intestine, absorbed by small intestinal epithelial cells, and then dehydrated and condensed back into proteins in the body.

Dehydration condenses to form polypeptides.

Amino acids are not proteins.

The relationship between amino acids and proteins is: amino acids are the basic units that constitute proteins, and proteins are composed of polypeptide chains composed of amino acids in the way of "dehydration and condensation" through coiling and folding to form substances with a certain spatial structure.

Chemical properties. Reaction of amino groups: acylation reaction; reaction with nitrous acid; reacts with aldehydes; sulfonylation reaction; reacts with DNFB; Salt reaction.

The reaction of the carboxyl group of the amino acid is the same as other carboxylic acids, and under certain conditions, acylation, esterification, decarboxylation and salting reactions can occur.

Reaction with ninhydrin hydrate: amino acids and ninhydrin hydrate are heated together in a weakly acidic solution, and the corresponding ketoacids are generated by oxidative deamination, which is further decarboxylated to form aldehydes, and the hydrated ninhydrin is reduced to reduced ninhydrinone, and in the weakly acidic solution, the ammonia removed from the reduced ninhydrin and amino acids is then reacted with another hydrated ninhydrin to condense to form a blue-purple complex.

Proline and hydroxyproline react with ninhydrin to produce a yellow substance, and the rest of the amino acids react with ninhydrin to produce a blue-purple substance. This color reaction is often used for colorimetric determination of amino acids and color development for chromatography analysis.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Amino Acids.

Amino acids are not proteins. Amino acids are the basic units of proteins required for animal nutrition and are organic compounds composed of basic amino groups and acidic carboxyl groups. Amino acids linked to each other are called peptides, and the orderly combination of multiple peptides is called proteins.

There are more than 20 kinds of amino acids in the human body, which play different roles, some play a role in nitrogen balance in the body, some can be converted into sugar or fat, and some participate in the formation of enzyme hormones and some vitamins.

Amino acids, the basic units that make up proteins, are dividedGlycineThe outside are -amino acids.

Protein is composed of C (carbon), H (hydrogen), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and general proteins may also contain P (phosphorus), S (sulfur), Fe (iron), Zn (zinc), Cu (copper), B (boron), Mn (manganese), I (iodine), Mo (molybdenum), etc.

Ligation method: Using about 20 kinds of amino acids as raw materials, amino acid molecules are connected to each other to form peptide chains on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The amino group of one amino acid molecule and the carboxyl group of another amino acid molecule are connected by removing one molecule of water, and this combination is called dehydration condensation. The bond that is formed between the carboxyl group and the amino group through the condensation reaction that connects two amino acid molecules is called a peptide bond.

Compounds formed by peptide bond bonding are called peptides.

Eight kinds. They are: methionine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, leucine, tryptophan, threonine.

It is amino acids other than proline that are all -amino acids, and glycine is -amino acids.

Do not divide which. The definition of amino acids in biology is different from that in chemistry, where amino groups and carboxyl groups are found as long as there are amino groups. In living organisms, an amino group and a carboxyl group are attached to the same carbon atom in the amino acids that make up living organisms. i.e. amino acids.

There are nearly 300 kinds of amino acids found in various organisms, but only 20 kinds of amino acids are involved in the urban construction of protein composition, which are called basic amino acids or essential amino acids. Among these 300 amino acids, those involved in protein composition are called protein amino acids, and those that do not participate in protein composition are called non-protein amino acids.

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Amino acids are dehydrated and condensed to form peptide bonds, which require energy to form bonds, so it is an energy-absorbing reaction. Amino acids are the smallest unit of protein, and countless amino acids make up polypeptides, which form three-dimensional proteins through repeated folding and twisting.

Amino acids are compounds after the hydrogen atom on the carbon atom of carboxylic acid is replaced by an amino group, and the amino acid molecule contains two functional groups, amino group and carboxyl group. Similar to hydroxy acids, amino acids can be divided into -,w-amino acids according to the different positions of amino groups attached to the carbon chain, but the amino acids obtained by protein hydrolysis are all -amino acids, and there are only more than 20 kinds, they are the basic units of proteins.

Amino acids are the basic substances that make up proteins needed for animal nutrition. It is an organic compound containing an alkaline amino group and an acidic carboxyl group. The amino group attached to the -carbon is the -amino acid. Most of the amino acids that make up proteins are - amino acids.

Amino acids can play some of the following roles in the human body through metabolism: synthesis of tissue proteins; into acids, hormones, antibodies, creatine and other ammonia-containing substances; conversion to carbohydrates and fats; It oxidizes into carbon dioxide and water and urea to produce energy.

There are 22 types of amino acids, which can be roughly divided into three categories: essential amino acids, semi-essential amino acids, and non-essential amino acids.

Among them, histidine was found to be necessary for infants, so there are 9 essential amino acids for babies (the rest are 8), and these amino acids are not always important, and must be ingested through food, these amino acids are called essential amino acids.

In addition, the body's ability to synthesize arginine and histidine is not enough to meet its own needs, and it needs to consume a part of it from food, which we call semi-essential amino acids. The other 10 kinds of amino acids can be synthesized by the body without relying on food supplementation, which we call non-essential amino acids.

There are about 20 types of amino acids that make up proteins in living organisms.

g gly glycine hydrophilic -h

A Ala alanine Alanine Hydrophobic -CH3

V val valine valine hydrophobic -CH-(CH3)2

l Leu Leucine Hydrophobic -CH2-CH(CH3)2

Iile isoleucine Hydrophobicity -CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3

F phe phenylalanine hydrophobic -CH2-C6H5

W TRP tryptophan Tryptophan Hydrophobic -C8NH6

Y tyr tyrosine Hydrophobic -CH2-C6H4-OH

d asp aspartic acid aspartic acid acid-ch2-cooh

n asn asparagine hydrophilic -ch2-conh2

E glu glutamic acid -(CH2)2-COOH

K Lysine Lysine Alkaline -(CH2)4-NH2

Q gln glutamine Glutamine Hydrophilic -(CH2)2-conH2

M met methionine Hydrophobicity -(CH2)-S-CH3

S Serine Serine Hydrophilic -CH2-OH

T Thr Threonine Hydrophilic -CH(CH3)-OH

C Cys cysteine hydrophilic -CH2-SH

P Pro Proline Hydrophobic -C3H6

h his histidine is basic.

arginine arginine is basic.