What are the natural fibers?

Clothing (textile) materials - types and characteristics of textile fibers.

Textile fibers are the basic materials that make up fabrics (let's not talk about macromolecules), and there are two main categories: natural fibers and chemical fibers.

1. Natural fibers. Conventional natural fibers include cotton, linen, silk, and wool, and with the development of science and technology, new natural fibers have emerged, such as pineapple leaf fibers and bamboo fibers that are now commonly used. They are all high-quality textile fiber raw materials that nature has dedicated to us.

Cotton, hemp, bamboo, and pineapple leaf fibers are natural cellulose fibers, which are quickly charred into ashes when ignited with fire, accompanied by the smell of burning grass. Wool and silk fibers are natural animal fibers, which become zoomed and have the smell of burning hair after ignition, among which silk fibers are the only long-fiber materials put into use, which can be up to several hundred meters, and the spider silk fibers that are now being studied should also be long-fibers, but they have not been put into practical use.

2. Chemical fibers. Chemical fiber is the rise of the chemical industry, and has become the main body of textile fiber.

It is divided into two main categories, one is synthetic fibers and the other is recycled fibers.

a. Synthetic fiber is made of petroleum as raw material through chemical polymerization, and the main fiber materials are polyester, nylon, acrylic, vinylon, polypropylene, chlorine, spandex, etc. They can be cut into different lengths or used directly with filaments as required. Its uniform combustion is characterized by melting into droplets.

Polyester fiber has good rigidity, good shape retention and crispness, and is often blended with cotton and wool.

Nylon, also known as nylon, is a more elastic fiber material, and the most wear-resistant, often used as a garment "three", and often used in hosiery products, in recent years, nylon and viscose fiber intertwined to form a nylon viscose interwoven fabric.

Acrylic fiber is the best synthetic fiber for warmth, commonly known as synthetic wool, and is often used as a sweater material.

Vinylon hygroscopic performance is the best among synthetic fibers, the taking performance is close to cotton fiber, less civil, the grade is very low, usually used in industrial products, such as ropes, water hoses, fishing nets, etc.

Polypropylene has the lightest texture, with a specific gravity, and is currently the lightest material in textile fibers, which is wear-resistant, wear-resistant, and non-pilling.

Chlorine is not flammable, and is often used as a civilian product such as knitted underwear and wool, and is also used in industrial filter cloth, work clothes, insulating cloth, safety tents, etc.

Spandex is a fiber material with the highest elasticity, high elongation and high elasticity, and is often used as a tight-fitting product, but because it is not colored and has the lowest strength, it is generally rarely used as bare wire.

b. Regenerated fiber, also known as man-made fiber, is made of natural materials through pulping and spinneret, and is divided into regenerated cellulose and regenerated protein. Among them, the most commonly used is viscose (regenerated cellulose fiber), which has the main characteristics of cotton and linen, but the strength is lower than that of cotton and linen, and the wet strength is smaller. Regenerative proteins are used less, and chitin fibers are well established for use in today's medical fields.

There are four kinds of long-term large-scale use in textiles: cotton, linen, wool and silk.

1. Natural fibers are textile fibers directly obtained from natural or artificially cultivated plants and artificially bred animals, and are important materials for the textile industry. Despite the rapid growth in synthetic fiber production since the middle of the 20th century, natural fibers still account for about 50% of the total annual production of textile fibers.

2. The history of human use of natural fibers can be traced back to ancient times.

According to the history of science and technology in China, silk and hemp fabrics appeared in China 4000-5000 years ago, woolen cloth appeared 3000 years ago, and cotton fabrics appeared 2000 years ago.

3. Plant fibers.

The main component is cellulose, also known as natural cellulose fiber. It is the fiber obtained from the seeds, fruits, stems, leaves, etc. of plants. Depending on the part of the plant that grows, it is divided into seed fiber, leaf fiber, and stem fiber.

The natural fibers existing in nature include plant fibers, animal fibers and mineral fibers, and a wide range of plant fibers such as cotton, linen, bamboo and coconut fibers are common and used; animal fibers such as silk and wool; Typical natural mineral fibers are asbestos; The first two are composed of organic matter, while the latter are inorganic fibers.

Natural fibers are fibers that exist and grow in nature and have textile value. The production of natural fibers in the world is large and increasing, and is an important material for the textile industry**.

There are a lot of animal hairs such as cotton, wool, silk, and silk from lotus leaves, and of course, plant fibers.

The main natural fibers that exist in nature are cotton, hemp, silk and animal hair. Among them, the molecular components of cotton and hemp are mainly cellulose, while the molecular components of silk and wool are mainly proteins (in the form of polyamide polymers).

In addition to cotton and hemp, trees and grasses also grow a large number of cellulose polymers, but the cellulose grown by trees and grasses does not exist in a long fiber state and cannot be directly used as fiber.

Common natural cellulose fibers are cotton, linen, wool, and silk.

Natural fibers refer to fibers that exist and grow in nature and have textile value. There are many types of natural fibers, and there are four kinds of cotton, linen, wool and silk that have been used in large quantities for a long time. Cotton and linen are plant fibers, and wool and silk are animal fibers.

Asbestos is found in the rock formations of the earth's crust, called mineral fibers, and is an important building material that can also be used in textiles. Cotton fiber is the most produced and has a wide range of uses, which can be used to sew clothes, bed sheets, bedding and other daily necessities, and can also be used as a material for canvas and conveyor belts, or to make tire wool for insulation and filling.

Most of the hemp fibers are used to make fabrics and ropes for packaging, and some of the high-quality hemp fibers can be used for clothing. Wool and silk are produced in much smaller quantities than cotton and linen, but they are excellent textile raw materials. Woolen wool is made of wool fiber, silk fiber is made of satin, sewn into clothing, gorgeous and solemn, and is deeply loved by people.

Among textile fibers, only wool fibers have the properties of being pressed into felts. Wool fibre is also the best raw material for fiber carpets.

The history of the development of natural fibers

The history of human use of natural fibers can be traced back to ancient times, according to the history of Chinese science and technology, China has appeared silk and hemp fabrics 4000-5000 years ago, woolen cloth 3000 years ago, and cotton fabrics 2000 years ago. "Man-made fibers" made from cellulose polymers used in paper pulp first appeared in the 19th century.

In 1890, the "man-made fiber" technology of wet-spinning "man-made fiber" was developed by nitrifying and modifying cellulose molecules and dissolving them in ethanol or ether to make a solution, and then extruding them into silk through a spinneret and solidifying them in a solidification bath. In 1905, it was further improved to the technology of dissolving cellulose molecules directly in alkaline carbon disulfide solution, and then wet spinning, this fiber is called viscose silk.

Later, it came out with the technology of cupurina solution. The spinning technology with carbon disulfide as the solvent and the copper ammonia solution technology have been applied until the 60s and 70s of the last century, and then they were gradually eliminated due to the environmental pollution of the solvents used. In the early 80s of the last century, a new solvent of "N-methylmorpholine nitrogen oxide" that can dissolve cellulose polymers appeared in Europe, which is non-toxic and can be used to develop a new process (lyocell) of "green viscose yarn" that is pollution-free to the environment, and industrialized in the early 90s.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Natural Fiber.

Common natural fibers are cotton, linen, silk, wool, camel hair, jute, nylon, brocade, silk spinning, jute, etc.

Cotton is the most common natural fiber, which has the advantages of comfort, light weight, durability and other advantages, and is the main raw material for making clothing and household products. Hemp is another common natural fiber, which has the advantages of lightweight, breathable and wear-resistant, and is the main raw material for making clothing and household products.

Silk is another common natural fiber, which has the advantages of softness, lightweight, and wear-resistant, and is the main raw material for making clothing and household items. Wool is another common natural fiber, which has the advantages of lightweight, warmth, and wear-resistant, and is the main raw material for making clothing and household items.

In addition to the common natural fibers mentioned above, there are some less common natural fibers such as camel hair, jute, nylon, brocade, silk spinning, jute, etc. Camel hair has the advantages of lightweight, warmth, and wear-resistant, and is the main raw material for making clothing and household products.

Jute has the advantages of lightweight, breathable and wear-resistant, and is the main raw material for making clothing and household products. Nylon has the advantages of light weight, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., and is the main raw material for making clothing and household products.

Features:

Brocade has the advantages of lightweight, auspicious softness, and wear-resistant, and is the main raw material for making clothing and household products. Silk spinning has the advantages of lightweight, softness and wear-resistant, and is the main raw material for making clothing and household products. Jute has the advantages of lightweight, breathable and wear-resistant, and is the main raw material for making clothing and household products.

In short, natural fibers are an indispensable part of people's daily life, they have the advantages of comfort, lightweight, durability, environmental protection, etc., and are the main raw materials for making clothing and household products.

Common natural fibers are cotton, linen, silk, wool, camel hair, jute, nylon, brocade, silk spinning, jute, etc., and there are many less common natural fibers, such as camel hair, jute, nylon, brocade, silk spinning, jute, etc. When used correctly, natural fibers can bring more convenience and comfort to our lives.