Now China s forest loss status 160

Studies have shown (IIED, 1987) that there were about 6 billion hm2 of forests and woodlands in the world before human disturbances. By 1954, the world's forest and woodland area had decreased to 4 billion hm2, of which temperate forests had decreased by 32 33 and tropical forests by 15 20. Over the past 30 years, the decline of the world's forests, especially tropical forests, has accelerated significantly, with an average annual loss of 8 million hm2.

Central America decreased from 100 million hm2 in 1950 to 1983. Africa's forests are declining even faster, from 100 million hm2 in 1950 to 100 million hm2 in 1983.

In the Paradise Rainforests of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, forest area has been decreasing by an average of 2 million hectares per year over the past 15 years.

According to the World Bank, unless rampant logging is brought under control, the remnants of Indonesia's lowland rainforests will be completely wiped out by 2010.

The rest of the world is not optimistic either. According to statistics, only 10% of the Earth's land area is undisturbed forests, and 82 of the 148 countries located in forested zones have completely lost undisturbed forests. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the world's forest area is decreasing by 7.3 million hectares per year.

It is understood that there are also many problems in China's forest protection, mainly in the following aspects:

The total amount of forests is insufficient. China's forest coverage rate is only 61% of the world level, ranking 130th in the world. The per capita forest area per hectare is less than 1 4 of the world average, ranking 134th in the world;

Forests are unevenly distributed. The forest coverage rate in the eastern region is 34%, the central region is 27%, the western region is only 13%, and the forest coverage rate of the five northwest provinces and autonomous regions (Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), which accounts for 32% of the country's land area, is only 6%;

The quality of the forests is not high. The average forest volume per hectare in China is only 85 cubic meters, equivalent to 85% of the world average, ranking 84th in the world.

The level of forest management needs to be improved. The management level of planted forests is not high, the phenomenon of single tree species is relatively serious, and the overall function of forest ecosystems is still very fragile. The loss of forest land and the over-harvesting of trees still exist.

The results of the sixth national resource inventory show that the national forest area is 10,000 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 100 million cubic meters of standing trees, and the forest accumulation is 100 million cubic meters. China's forest area ranks fifth in the world, and forest stock ranks sixth in the world.

The area of planted forests is the largest in the world. The changes of forest resources show the following characteristics: the forest area continues to grow, the forest stock increases steadily, the forest quality has improved, the structure of forest species is gradually becoming reasonable, the effect of non-public forestry is prominent, the forestry development strategy based on ecological construction has achieved initial results, and the development of forestry has great stamina.

It can be said that China's forest resources show a good development trend of continuous increase in total amount, continuous improvement in quality and continuous optimization of structure. However, compared with the national development goals, there is still a big gap in the management of forest resources in China and is facing new challenges.

At present, China's forestry industry is in a major turning point. The country's economic system has been transformed from a traditional planned economy to a socialist market economic system; The construction of forestry has changed from timber production to ecological construction. Forest management has shifted from traditional to sustainable. A single shift in any of these three areas can have a profound impact on forest management, management and related policies.

These three aspects have changed and interacted with each other at the same time, completely changing the basis, direction and content of forest management policymaking, forcing the management of forest resources to re-design and all-round reform.

The 2008-2009 China Forest Resources Management and Development Research and Investment Analysis Report is based on the research results of the Forestry Industry Research Group of the Center during the 11th Five-Year Plan. The report first analyzes the current situation and existing problems of forest resources management, and enters into in-depth analysis and research from four aspects: forestry industry, forestry biological industry, forest tourism industry and forest carbon sink, and then puts forward the evaluation of sustainable management ability of forest resources and the detection system and development direction related to forest resources management, and finally gives suggestions for industry development and investment on the basis of industry risk analysis. "I've worked hard with my support!

Thank you! ”

China is now shifting away from the pursuit of GDP"Scientific outlook on development"。But China has already paid too much. By the end of 2000, China's forest area was only 100 million hectares, and the forest coverage rate was only 61.3 percent of the world's forest coverage rate, and the country's per capita forest area was only equivalent to the world's per capita hectares.

Japan's domestic forest coverage rate is nearly 64, making it one of the highest in the world.

China ranks fifth in the world in terms of forest area. China accounts for 100 million hectares of forest area in the world, accounting for 14% of the world's forest coverage rate. Chinese ranks 119th in the world in terms of per capita forest area.

The world has a per capita share of forest hectares, developing countries have a per capita hectare, and developed countries have a per capita hectare.

China's total forest stock ranks 8th in the world. China's total forest stock is 100 million cubic meters, accounting for 384 billion cubic meters of the world's total forest stock.

The average hectare of forest volume in China is lower than the world average. The average volume of forests per hectare in China is 96 cubic meters, and the average volume of forests per hectare in the world is 114 cubic meters per hectare.

Chinese have one of the lowest forest stocks per capita in the world. The per capita forest stock in the world is cubic meters, while the per capita forest stock in Chinese is only cubic meters.

The area of artificial forests in Chinese accounts for about 50% of the total area of planted forests in developing countries in the world. Developing countries lose an average of 10,000 hectares of natural forests every year, while China disappears an average of 400,000 hectares per year.

The biomass per hectare of China's forests is higher than the world average. The average biomass per hectare of forests in China is 157 tonnes, compared to the world average of 131 tonnes. China's total forest biomass reached 16,009 million tons, accounting for the world's total.

China's forest area is small, the number of resources is small, and the regional distribution is uneven. In 1990, China's forest area was 100 million hectares, with a per capita area of about 100 million hectares, while the world's forest area was about 100 million hectares, with a per capita area of about hectares. China's forest coverage rate is 31% in the world.

China's forest stock is 100 million cubic meters, about 8 cubic meters per capita, while the world's forest stock is about 310 billion cubic meters, about 72 cubic meters per capita. On the other hand, for a long time, the people in the mountainous areas have accumulated rich experience in afforestation and forestry, and have cultivated large-scale planted forests, especially fir forests and bamboo forests in the southern mountainous areas. China's total forest stock is 100 million cubic meters, accounting for the world's total forest stock.

China is still a country with a lack of forests and little greenery, and the ecology is fragile, the forest coverage rate is far lower than the global average of 31%, the per capita forest area is only 1 4 of the world's per capita level, and the per capita forest stock is only 1 7 of the world's per capita level.

The task of achieving forest growth in 2020 is arduous. According to the results of the inventory, the previous stage of the forest "double increase" target was well completed, the forest stock growth target was completed, and the forest area increase target was completed by nearly sixty percent. However, the results of the inventory show that the growth rate of forest area has begun to slow down, and the increase in forest area is only 60% of that of the previous inventory, and the area of existing uncultivated forest land is 3.96 million hectares less than that of the last inventory, only 6.5 million hectares.

At the same time, only 10% of the existing suitable forest land is the first, and the poor quality is as much as 54%, and 2 3 is distributed in the northwest and southwest regions, the site conditions are poor, the afforestation is more and more difficult, the cost input is getting higher and higher, and the effect is getting slower and slower, and it takes arduous efforts to achieve the goal of forest area growth as scheduled.

The pressure to strictly adhere to the ecological red line of forestry is enormous. In the past five years, the average area of forest land occupied by various types of construction has exceeded 2 million mu per year, of which about half is forest land. The problem of deforestation and reclamation in some areas is still prominent.

With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, the space for ecological construction will be further squeezed, and the pressure to strictly abide by the forestry ecological red line and maintain the bottom line of national ecological security is increasing.

The need to strengthen forest management is urgent. China's forest land productivity is low, the volume of forests per hectare is only 69% of the world average of 131 cubic meters, and the volume per hectare of planted forests is only cubic meters. The average DBH of trees is only centimeters.

The age group structure is still unreasonable, and the proportion of young and middle-aged forests is as high as 65%. The area of overly sparse and overdense stands accounted for 36% of the arbor forest. The average annual loss of forest stock increased by 18% to 100 million cubic meters.

There is still great potential to further increase investment, strengthen forest management, improve forest land productivity, increase forest stock, and enhance ecological service functions.

The contradiction between the effective supply of forests and the growing social demand is still prominent. China's timber dependence on foreign countries is close to 50%, and the timber security situation is grim; The recoverable area and recoverable stock of the existing timber forests account for only 13%, the recoverable stock accounts for only 23%, the available resources are small, the large-diameter timber forests and precious timber tree species are fewer, and the structural contradiction between timber supply and demand is very prominent. At the same time, the fragile function of forest ecosystems has not been fundamentally changed, and the shortage of ecological products is still a prominent problem restricting the sustainable development of China.

The state of our country's forest resources.

According to the just-concluded seventh forest resources of the country, the forest area is 10,000 hectares, and the forest coverage rate. The total accumulation of standing trees is 100 million cubic meters, and the forest accumulation is 100 million cubic meters. In addition to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, the country has a forest land area of 10,000 hectares, a forest area of 10,000 hectares, a total accumulation of 100 million cubic meters of standing trees, and a forest accumulation of 100 million cubic meters.

The area of natural forests is 10,000 hectares, and the natural forests accumulate 100 million cubic meters; The area of planted forests is 10,000 hectares, and the area of planted forests is 100 million cubic meters, ranking first in the world.

China has a vast territory, few forest resources, and low forest coverage rate, with great regional differences. Most of the country's forest resources are concentrated in the northeast and southwest and other remote mountainous areas, as well as the mountains and southeast hills of Taiwan, while the vast northwest region is poor in forest resources. The national average forest coverage rate is 70% in Taiwan Province.

The forest coverage rate is more than 30% in Fujian (Jiangxi (Zhejiang (Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jilin and other 6 provinces, more than 20% in Guangdong, Liaoning, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Hubei and other 6 provinces and regions, more than 10% in Guizhou, Anhui, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and other 4 provinces and regions, and the rest of the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions are mostly below 10%, while Xinjiang and Qinghai are less than 1%.

The trees in the big cities and coastal areas grow very well and densely, and the original primeval forests in the middle of the Yangtze River no longer exist, and the once dense trees are now sand dunes that cannot accumulate water and flood.

I'm going to be sure to plant trees next spring.

The eternal baby play aunt, hehe.

According to the fourth national forest resources census, China's forest area and forest stock are 100 million hm2 and 10.1 billion m3 respectively, ranking sixth in the world, but the per capita volume is 9 m3, only 1 6 and 1 8 of the world per capita. Although the forest cover rate has been reached, it is only half of the world average, ranking 100th in the world. Under such circumstances, China's deforestation has not slowed down because of this, excessive logging, indiscriminate logging, deforestation, etc., is increasingly causing China's only little forest to suffer unprecedented damage, the change of the ecological environment, so that China's many species of forest as habitat animals are on the verge of extinction, 433 species of vertebrates are threatened, extinct or may be extinct to 10 species.

Due to the sharp reduction of mature forest area, small forest stock, limited logging, China's timber and other forest products have been in short supply, the market gap is very large, in order to meet domestic needs, the country has to import a certain amount of timber every year. According to **, the shortage of timber in our country will not ease in the near future, and the situation of relying on imported timber to supplement domestic demand will not change for a long time.

It is our duty to protect the ecological and natural environment.

Forests, like water, are the fundamental conditions for the survival of human beings.

China has 133.7 billion hectares of forests, with a forest stock area of 10.13 billion cubic meters, accounting for only 4 percent of the world's total, and a forest stock of less than 3 of the world's total, with a per capita forest area of 0 11 hectares, only 1 6 of the world average, and a per capita forest volume of 8 6 cubic meters, only 1 8 of the world average. The annual per capita consumption of timber is 0 22 cubic meters, compared to the world average of 0 65 cubic meters. The per capita of developed countries is 1,16 cubic meters, which is more than five times higher than that of China, and the gap is quite large.

Consumption of forest resources in China.

With the development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the consumption of wood and wood products is very large, of which the consumption of wood-based panels, pulp, paper and cardboard has ranked second in the world. The annual growth of timber forests that can be harvested in China is less than 100 million cubic meters, while the annual consumption of commercial timber is 150 million cubic meters of forest resources.

China's imports of forest products.

China's natural forest resources have appeared in crisis, to completely change at least 30 50 years, so we must rely on imports, from 1981, China's imports of timber and products increased year by year, to 1999, China imported sawn timber 217800000 cubic meters, plywood 1.04 million cubic meters, and other wood products such as pulp, paper, etc., but with 50 million cubic meters of gap is still very large.

Plantation situation.

China's plantation area is 41.4 million hectares, but the quality is not good, the average volume per hectare is only 33 cubic meters, the growth is less than 3 cubic meters, the tree species are not properly configured, the community is single, multi-generational continuous cropping, the soil fertility declines, and the tree species growth period is long, some need 30 or 40 years to be cut down, and the problem of timber shortage cannot be solved in the short term.

Number of timber consuming industries.

Timber consumption is mainly concentrated in three industries, namely construction and decoration, furniture and paper. In 1999, the construction and decoration industry consumed 30 million cubic metres, the furniture industry consumed 24 million cubic metres and the paper industry consumed 16.5 million cubic metres, totalling 14.4 billion cubic metres. Among them, 86 poplars can be substituted for construction and decoration materials, 28 can be replaced by furniture, and 60 can be replaced by paper industry, and 19.2 million cubic meters of poplar are needed.

The situation of poplar resources in China.

According to the survey, in China's existing plantations, poplar forests are only 12 million mu, of which 30 are shelter forests, of which only 20 are 8 years old, that is, 2.4 million mu, and the annual felling volume is less than 3 million cubic meters, which is far from being able to replace other timber.

2010 poplar market**.

According to the relevant data, the total amount of timber in 2010 was 244 million cubic meters, an increase of 100 million cubic meters over 1999, an increase of 69 4, an average annual increase of about 5, if the average annual production is maintained at 80 million cubic meters, the gap is 64 million cubic meters. Due to the restrictions on timber exports from countries around the world, if only the import volume in 1999 can be maintained, the timber gap can reach 150 million cubic meters, and the total demand for poplar wood is 100 million cubic meters. Wish.