What is the history of the study of the pun and the development of the pun during the Southern Dynas

A style of writing that emerged after the Wei and Jin dynasties in ancient China. Also known as the Liwen text. The Northern and Southern Dynasties were the heyday of the Pun style script.

Punwen's masterpiece is "Former Chibi Fu".

In the autumn of Renxu, in July, Suzi and the guest traveled under the red cliff. The breeze is coming, and the water is not rippling. Raise the wine to belong to the guest, recite the poem of the bright moon, and sing the chapter of the fairy.

Shaoyan, the moon comes out of the east mountain, wandering between the bullfights. The white dew crosses the river, and the water shines to the sky. As far as a reed is, Ling Wanqing is at a loss.

The vastness is like Feng Xuan resisting the wind, and he doesn't know where it stops; fluttering like a legacy of independence, feathering and ascending to immortals.

So he drank and enjoyed himself, and sang about it. The song said: "Gui Yi Xilan oar, hit the sky and trace the streamer."

Slim and small, looking at the beauty of the sky. "There are people who blow the flute in the hole, and they rely on the song and make peace. Its voice whined, such as resentment, such as admiration, such as crying, such as complaining, and the aftermath lingered, endlessly.

Dancing the submarine of the ravine, crying the wife of the lonely boat.

Su Zi was stunned, sat down and asked, "Why is it so?" The guest said:

The moon and stars are scarce, and the black magpie flies south, is this not Cao Mengde's poetry? Looking at Xiakou in the west, looking at Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are sympathetic, and the sky is gloomy, this is not Mengde's trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, went down the river to the east, traveled thousands of miles, covered the sky with flags, drank wine near the river, and gave poems to the horizontal lance, and the male of the solid first generation was also, and now he is safe?

In addition, I and my son fished on the Jiangzhu, and the fish and shrimp were friends with the elk, driving a flat boat with a leaf, and lifting a bottle to belong to each other. Parasitic mayflies in the heavens and the earth, a drop in the sea. Mourn the moments of my life, and envy the infinity of the Yangtze River.

Fly the fairy to swim, hold the bright moon and end long. I don't know it suddenly, and I will leave it in the sad wind. ”

Su Zi said: "Ke also knows the water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has not tasted the past; Those who are surplus and void are like them, and those who die are not long.

The cover will be viewed from the one who has changed, and the heavens and the earth will not be able to take a moment; From the perspective of the unchanging, things and I are endless, and how envy! And between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, and it is not mine, although I can't take anything. But the breeze on the river, and the bright moon in the mountains, the sound of the ear, the color of the eye, the inexhaustible, is the endless hiding of the Creator, and I am suitable for the Son.

The guests smiled happily and drank more from the washing. The core of the dish is exhausted, and the cups and plates are in disarray. The phase and the pillow are in the boat, and I don't know the whiteness of the East.

"Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng" Wang Bo.

Yuzhang Ancient County, Hongdu New Mansion. The stars are divided into wings, and the ground is connected to Henglu. The three rivers and the five lakes are controlled, and the Ouyue is controlled.

Wuhua Tianbao, the ruins of the dragon light shooting bull fight; Outstanding people, Xu Ru went down to Chen Fan's couch. Xiongzhou fog column, Juncai Xingchi. At the turn of the summer of Taihuang Pillow, the guests and hosts enjoy the beauty of the southeast.

The Yawang of the Governor of Yan Gong, the halberd is far away; Yuwen Xinzhou's Yifan, the curtain is temporarily stationed. Ten days off, winning friends like clouds; Thousands of miles to welcome, full of friends. Teng Jiao Qifeng, the word sect of Master Meng; Purple Electric Green Frost, General Wang's arsenal.

The family is slaughtered, and the road is famous; How do you know that the boy is victorious.

The time is September, and the order belongs to the third autumn. The water is exhausted and the cold pool is clear, and the smoke is condensed and the twilight is purple. Riding on the road, visiting the scenery in Chong'a; The Changzhou of the emperor, the old museum of heaven and man.

The mountains are towering and green, and the sky is heavy; Feige Liudan, next to the landless. Heting Zhu, the lingering of the poor island; Guidian Lan Palace, that is, the posture of the hills.

Draped embroidery, carved overhead, the mountains are open to its view, and the river is shocking. Lu Yan pounced on the ground, and the bell rang Ding Food House; The ship Mitsu, the green finch and the yellow dragon. The clouds are gone, and the color is bright.

Luoxia and lonely birds fly together, and the autumn water is the same color as the sky. The fishing boat sings at night, ringing on the shore of the poor Peng Li; The geese were frightened, and the sound broke the pool of Hengyang.

Far away, Yixing flying. Cool and breezy, slender song and white clouds. Suiyuan green bamboo, the bottle of Peng Ze; Yeshui Zhuhua, the pen of Linchuan.

Four beautiful tools, two dilemmas. Poor in the middle of the sky, extremely entertaining in the leisure day. The sky is high and the earth is high, and the universe is infinite; Happiness and sorrow come, and there are many things to know the void.

Looking at Chang'an in the sun, and seeing Wu will be in the clouds. The terrain is extremely deep in the south, and the heavenly pillar is high and the north is far away. It is difficult to cross the mountain, who is sad and lost?

When they meet in Pingshui, they are all guests from other places. Emperor Huai is gone, what year is the Fengxuan room?

Whew! Bad luck and bad fate. Feng Tang is easy to be old, and Li Guang is difficult to seal.

Qu Jiayi is in Changsha, not without a holy lord; Channeling Liang Hong in the sea song, is there a lack of bright time? The gentleman who relied on saw the opportunity and knew his fate. When you are old and strong, you would rather move the heart of the white head?

Poor and strong, do not fall into the ambition of the clouds. Drink the greedy spring and feel refreshed, and dry up to be happy. Although the North Sea is credit, it can be picked up; The east corner has passed, and it is not too late for mulberry elm.

Meng tastes noble and clean, and has spare time to serve the country; Ruan Ji is rampant, how can he cry at the end of the road!

Bo, a three-foot life, a scholar. There is no way to ask for help, waiting for the weak crown of the final army; There is a pen with a pen, and Mu Zong's long wind. She hairpin wat in Bailing, Fengchen dusk in thousands of miles.

It is not the treasure tree of the Xie family, and it is the neighbor of the Meng family. He is getting more and more court, chattering with the carp; Now I hold it, and I like to trust the dragon gate. Yang Yi didn't meet, and he felt sorry for Lingyun; The bell period has been met, why is it ashamed to play the flowing water?

Woohoo! The resort is not frequent, and the feast is difficult again; The Orchid Pavilion has been erected, and the ruins of Zize Hill. Parting words, fortunate to be grateful to Wei Yuan; Ascending to the heights is what is expected of the public. Dare to be contemptuous, respectful and short-term; Every word is given, and the four rhymes are complete. Please sprinkle the Pan River, each pour the land and the sea clouds:

King Teng's high pavilion is near Jiangzhu, and Pei Yuming Luan sings and dances.

The painting hall flies to the south of the clouds, and the bead curtain rolls up in the west mountain rain at dusk.

The shadow of Xianyuntan is long, and the stars change a few degrees of autumn.

Where is the emperor in the cabinet now? The Yangtze River outside the threshold is empty and artesian.

During the Southern Dynasties, prose flourished, and prose declined. Bao Zhao in the Liu and Song dynasties was a famous writer of pun style, he wrote a lot of pun style application essays, and also wrote some works of pun style writing scenes, and his articles were mainly neat pun sentences, and sometimes stray sentences, and had the length of prose.

During the Qi and Liang periods, the lord was elegant, devoted to good articles, and the development of prose reached its peak. Kong Zhi Wang Gui of the Qi Dynasty and Xiao Ziliang, King of Jingling, were both writers of the pun language. Wang Jian, the core figure of the early Qi literary circle, has a rich rhetoric, four and six, and uses the number of dictionaries as his work, and the style of Kaiqi and Liang Piaowen is rich and rich, showing the true character of the Southern Dynasty's pun.

The founders of "Yongming Style", such as Wang Rong, Shen Yue and Ren Rifang, are all masters of the pun script, and they transplant the theory of sound and rhythm to the creation of the pun script, making the sound and rhythm of the article harmonious and beautiful, and greatly improving the degree of pun of the article.

During the Qi and Liang periods, the pun style dominated the entire literary world, including many practical styles, all of which were punized. But at the same time, the content of the prose is empty, the form is gorgeous, the style is weak, and the tendency of aristocracy and stylization is very serious. The Chen Dynasty followed the legacy of Qi Liang, and it was still the prose that dominated the literary world.

Xu Ling was the last master of the Southern Dynasty, and his "Preface to the New Song of Yutai" was extremely ingenious.

The history of the pun is the historical evolution of the pun style. From the origin of the pre-Qin period to the gradual annihilation of the late Qing Dynasty, the style of pun has experienced several periods such as the embryonic period, the mature period, the flourishing period, and the decline period, and is an important literary style in the history of Chinese literature. The study of the history of the pun is the evolution of the pun genre.

1. Tang: "Since the Wei and Jin dynasties, I have written credit scripts, used them to write memories, used them to write memorial tablets, and even used them to write books. The imperial court issued orders in a heavy text, and there was no need for the prose.

The degree of prose gradually increased, so that in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, a great reaction arose. Su Sui and his group wanted to knock Puwen down with one punch, but they finally failed, and Puanwen extended his breath for several years. It was not until the sages of the Tang Dynasty that they were gradually liberated.

Qu Dui's "Introduction to the Writings") after the Six Dynasties, the use of the Chuan was reduced, and the preface, the edict and the inscription were concentrated. Han Liu ancient text, crack down on the pun text. In the late Tang Dynasty, Shang Yin changed for a while.

2, Song: Song Chu Xiaowen, Sun Beizong Fa Shang Yin, Buwu Tang Xian, Rong Daya, called Xikun, not much achievement. Ouyang advocated ancient texts, and changed his words. Su Shi pushed the waves, advocating Lu Zhen, the spirit of scattering, and the text of luck. In the later period, Xi was a long-term association and advocated extravagance.

3. Yuan Ming: It is said that it is insufficient. Jiang Zuyi's "Prose and Prose":

From 46 to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the elite has been exhausted. In the world of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, although the scriptures were given to the righteous testers, they also had to compare the sound and rhythm, and used the words of hypocrisy and obscenity, so as to chase the time and vulgarity, so it was not enough to speak, and what was more beautiful. The author of the Yuan Dynasty's pun essays, only Yu Bosheng is alone, but his essays often fall into the vulgar tone, neither Chunxiao can trace the Six Dynasties, nor can he become a family of his own.

In the Ming Dynasty, Li He Wang Li's disciples, every good Mugu, but rare traces of Han and Wei, Han Fa Qi Liang, its ruler and miscellaneous essays, but occasionally for it, make it small, often plagiarize idioms, cut down words and sentences. Liu Ji Song Lian is named in ancient literature, not written in the pun text, and its author is also out of the whim, not the best work, so the Yuan and Ming dynasties of the pun text, there is no value. ”。

4. Qing Dynasty: Break the Song system and enlighten the diverse. The six dynasties of the patriarchy were extracted from the Tang and Song dynasties.

Note: Classical algae, gorgeous rhetoric, structure and tone, and clear logic; Good Zesen is ruined for rhyme, and he is good at tuning. During the Qianjia period, the pun was the most prosperous. The Ji Yun faction is authentic.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was represented by Wang Minyun. After the Qing season, the text was annihilated.

The concept of "Pun Ti, Pun Wen" is better than the Qing Dynasty Zeng Yi's compilation of "The Authentic Sect of the National Dynasty". Subsequently, the followers: Chen Jun edited "Tang Pian Wen Yuan", Li Zhaoluo edited "Lu Ti Wen Banknote", and Wang Xianqian edited "Pun Wen Category Compilation".

Near: Xie Wuliang's "Guide to Pun Writing", Qu Dui's "Introduction to Pun Writing", Qian Jibo's "Pun Wen Tongyi", etc. Zhaoduan pre-Qin, brewed in the Qin and Han dynasties, familiar in the Wei and Jin dynasties, and flourished in the two dynasties.

After the two dynasties, the Tang and Song dynasties stretched, the Yuan and Ming dynasties were at a low valley, and the Qingfeng was shaken. After the Qing Dynasty, there was no heard-of, and the prose flourished.