By learning how to compare cost theory and Liszt s theory of protective trade, how to understand Chi

aState intervention in the outside world**.

b Emphasis on the development of productive forces.

c. Countries at different stages of economic development should adopt different policies.

Liszt. It is believed that the first question that a country should consider when formulating its foreign policy is: (b) aImprove the identification of percolation welfare water carrying ridge level bDevelopment of productive forces cIncrease social wealth dCapture exchange value.

The answer is b

Friedrich Liszt (1789-1846) was a German bourgeois economist. His main works include: "Outline of American Political Economy" (1827), "The National System of Political Economy" (1841), "The National Unification of German Political Economy" (1846), of which "Outline of Political Economy" is his representative work.

Liszt's idea of taxation is mainly reflected in his discussion of protective tariffs. He believed that the German capitalist economy had its own peculiarities and should adopt protectionism. Liszt criticized the laissez-faire and "cosmopolitan" policy of the British classical school, believing that it ignored the role of the state and the national characteristics of the economic development of different countries, and thus vigorously opposed the liberal policy and advocated the implementation of a protective tariff system.

Liszt believed that the production of wealth was much more important than wealth itself. Buying cheap goods from abroad seems to increase wealth, and it seems to be more cost-effective. In the long run, however, it would hinder German industrial development and keep Germany in a dependent state for a long time.

In order to foster the productive forces in Germany, a policy of protective tariffs must be adopted. "If a protective tariff sacrifices value, it increases productivity more than it compensates for the loss," he said.

As a result, the country not only gained unlimited material wealth, but also retained the independent status of industry in the event of war. Industrial independence and the resulting domestic development have given the country the strength to operate abroad smoothly and expand the shipping industry, so that the changes can be improved, the domestic manufacturing industry can be developed, and the foreign industry can be strengthened". (The National System of Political Economy, The Commercial Press, 1981, pp. 128-129).

In order to develop Germany's manufacturing industry, Liszt proposed the imposition of import duties to establish a protective regime. However, he believed that the adoption of such a system should be carried out gradually, so as not to unduly lose the existing profits and losses. Moreover, when protected industries are established, import duty rates should be reduced.

He proposed that the initial protective duty rate could be set at 40 to 60 per cent, and that the protective duty rate should continue to be 20 to 30 per cent after the establishment of the new industry, and that the protective duty policy should be terminated when this development was completed. In order to develop Germany's manufacturing industry, Liszt proposed the imposition of import duties to establish a protective regime. However, he believed that such a system should be introduced gradually, so as not to unduly lose existing benefits.

Moreover, when protected industries are established, import duty rates should be reduced. He proposed that the initial protective duty rate could be set at 40 to 60 per cent, and that the protective duty rate should continue to be levied at 20 to 30 per cent after the establishment of the new industry, and that the protective tariff policy should be terminated when this development was completed.

It is recommended that you discuss it with ** barriers.

Liszt's protection of trade and rent, easy to see hunger, the first omen point of ().

a.First Protection**, then Freedom**.

b.Freedom and protection go hand in hand.

c.First freedom**, then protection**.

d.A complete rejection of freedom**.

Correct Answer: a