Whether it is the six or eight ancient capitals, what is the difference?

Traditional historiography has only four ancient capitals of China, Xi'an, Nanjing, Luoyang, and Beijing, according to the length of the capital, and the academic community said in the 20s of the last century"Five ancient capitals of China", they are: Xi'an, Nanjing, Luoyang, Beijing, Kaifeng.

In the 30s, Hangzhou was added as one of the "six ancient capitals", but it was not accepted by the public. In 1983, Chen Qiaoyi listed Hangzhou as the ancient capital in the book "Six Ancient Capitals of China", and since then the six ancient capitals have been accepted by the public: Xi'an, Nanjing, Beijing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou.

In 1982, Tan Qixiang published the article "Seven Capitals in Chinese History", arguing that "in the history of our country for thousands of years, there have been many cities that have been the capitals of a unified regime or a larger regional regime, the most important of which are Chang'an, Luoyang, Ye, Kaifeng, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Beijing". These seven capitals can be further divided into three categories: Chang'an, Luoyang, and Beijing, which have long served as the capitals of unified power in successive dynasties; Kaifeng and Nanjing, which were the capitals of the unified regime for a relatively short time; Ye and Hangzhou, on the other hand, have only served as the capitals of the larger regional regimes." Tan Qixiang's proposal of "seven capitals" here is another expression of the subsequent reference to "seven ancient capitals".

In 1988, geographer Tan Qixiang proposed Anyang as the ancient capital, and Anyang was identified as the seventh ancient capital, so there are seven ancient capitals: Xi'an, Nanjing, Beijing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Hangzhou, and Anyang.

In November 2004, the Chinese Society of Ancient Capitals recognized Zhengzhou as the eighth ancient capital, so there are eight ancient capitals: Xi'an, Nanjing, Beijing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Hangzhou, Anyang, Zhengzhou.

The six ancient capitals are more accepted by Chang'an, Nanjing, Beijing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou.

1. Beijing. The capital of our country, the political and cultural center of the country, is a city with a long history, splendid culture, and glorious revolutionary traditions. Beijing is one of the cradles of human civilization.

2. Xi'an. The capital of Shaanxi Province. The largest city in the five provinces and regions of Northwest China, it is also the ancient capital with the most dynasties and the longest imperial history among the six ancient capitals in China. Xi'an is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation.

3. Luoyang. The ancient capital of the Nine Dynasties, one of the birthplaces of the history and culture of the Chinese nation.

4. Unseal. It is the ancient capital of the Seven Dynasties, and there are many places of interest and historic sites.

5. Nanjing. The capital of Jiangsu Province, known as the "Ancient Capital of the Six Dynasties". Nanjing was known as Juwu in ancient times, and belonged to the fiefdom of Zhou Zhang, the doctor of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

In 229 AD, Sun Wu moved the capital from Wuchang to Nanjing (then known as Jianye), and the capital of Nanjing began to be built, with a circumference of more than 10 kilometers. After that, the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and Southern Tang dynasties of the Western Jin Dynasty, Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Southern Tang Dynasty all took Nanjing as their capital (then known as Jianye and Jiankang).

6. Hangzhou. It is the capital of Zhejiang Province. It is a national key scenic tourist city and a famous cultural city with a history of 2,000 years.

Historically, Wu Yue and the Southern Song Dynasty had their capitals here. Famous historical and cultural monuments Lingyin Temple, Leifeng Pagoda, Liuhe Pagoda, Sun Quan's hometown, Yaolin Wonderland, West Lake, etc.

The six ancient capitals of China refer to Xi'an, Nanjing, Beijing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou.

1. Xi'an. Xi'an, formerly known as Chang'an and Hojing, is the capital of Shaanxi Province, a sub-provincial city, the core city of the urban agglomeration in the Guanzhong Plain, the starting point of the Silk Road, the core area of the "Belt and Road", an important central city in western China, and an important national scientific research, education and industrial base. Xi'an is one of the ancient capitals of China and was identified as a "World Historic City" by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1981.

2. Nanjing. Nanjing, referred to as "Ning", formerly known as Jinling and Jiankang, is the capital of Jiangsu Province, a sub-provincial city, the core city of Nanjing metropolitan area, an important central city in eastern China, an important scientific research and education base and a comprehensive transportation hub in China.

Nanjing is one of the ancient capitals of China.

1. The first batch of national historical and cultural cities, an important birthplace of Chinese civilization, has blessed the Zhengshuo of China several times in history, is the only ancient capital among the four ancient capitals that has not been the capital of foreign powers, and has long been the political, economic and cultural center of southern China.

3. Beijing. Beijing is located in the northern part of the North China Plain, backed by Yanshan Mountain, and adjacent to Tianjin and Hebei Province. Beijing's climate is typical of the northern temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate.

Beijing is one of the first national historical and cultural cities and the city with the largest number of world cultural heritage sites in the world, with a history of more than 3,000 years, giving birth to many places of interest and historic sites such as the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Badaling Great Wall, and the Summer Palace. As early as 700,000 years ago, there was a primitive tribe of people in the Zhoukoudian area of Beijing, "Peking Man".

4. Luoyang. Luoyang, known as Luoyang, Xi'an, Luoyi, Luoyang, Luojing, Jingluo, Shendu, Luocheng, etc., is located in the western part of Henan Province, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, named after the Yang of the Luohe River, and is one of the first national historical and cultural cities announced in China, one of the four ancient capitals of China, and a world cultural city.

Luoyang has more than 5,000 years of civilization history, more than 4,000 years of city history and more than 1,500 years of capital history, Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Wu Zhou, Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin Dynasty and other thirteen dynasties built their capitals in Luoyang, known as the ancient capital of thirteen dynasties, there are 43 national key cultural relics protection units, and more than 40 million pieces of cultural relics in the collection.

5. Unseal. Kaifeng, known as Laoqiu, Daliang, Chenliu, Bianzhou, Tokyo, Bianjing, Bianliang, etc., referred to as Bian, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province, located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, the shore of the Yellow River, adjacent to the provincial capital Zhengzhou in the west, connected to Shangqiu in the east, Xuchang and Zhoukou in the south, and Xinxiang across the Yellow River in the north. Kaifeng is one of the first batch of national historical and cultural cities and the ancient capital of China.

1. The famous ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties.

6. Hangzhou. Hangzhou, referred to as "Hangzhou", is the capital of Zhejiang Province, a sub-provincial city, the central city of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, the core city of the Greater Bay Area around Hangzhou Bay, the core city of the Hangzhou metropolitan area, the central city of the Shanghai-Jiazhou-Hangzhou G60 Science and Technology Innovation Corridor, and an internationally important e-commerce center.

Chang'an, Kaifeng, Luoyang, Nanjing, Beijing, Hangzhou.

Beijing, Xi'an (Chang'an), Luoyang, Hangzhou, Kaifeng, Nanjing.

Nanjing, Beijing.

Xi'an Luoyang. Kaifeng Hangzhou.

Kaifeng is the most aggrieved, the world's largest metropolis at the time, but now it has become a fourth-tier city in China. Wronged, after the country was founded, all the good resources were given to Zhengzhou. Kaifeng can't develop.

Xi'an, Luoyang, Nanjing, Beijing, Kaifeng, Hangzhou, Anyang, Zhengzhou.

Luoyang is the most aggrieved, with a history of four or five thousand years, but it is only a third-tier city in China.

If you ask about the troubles of ancient and modern times, please only look at Luoyang City.