What stage are the vast majority of students in career planning theory?

Since its establishment, career planning and management has undergone more than 100 years of development, which can be divided into three main stages. (1) The practice of career planning and management in the stage of career guidance and vocational guidance originally appeared in the form of career guidance, and the so-called career guidance is a consultation and guidance process that helps job seekers to determine career direction, career choice, prepare for employment and seek career development. The main practice at this stage is the facilitation of career choice, which is based on the psychological theory of job matching and the use of psychometric tests.

The main exponents are Parsons, Williamson and Holland. (2) Career development and career counseling stageSince the 60s of the 20th century, various theories on career planning and management have gradually surfaced, which has promoted the great development of the discipline. The representatives of this period and their theories mainly include Zheng Zhi and Saber's lifelong career development theory, Rogers' non-directed career theory, Shi En's career anchor theory, and so on.

3) Comprehensive career development and counseling stage: The career development theory in this period does not only include career, but further expands to family career, career counseling from the people, society, transition to school, **, and then to the full participation of enterprises.

1 Principle of Clarity: Is the target measure considered clear and unambiguous? Are the steps to achieving the goal straightforward?

2 Variability principle: Is the goal or measure flexible or buffering? Can it be adjusted to changes in the environment?

3 Principle of consistency: Is the main goal consistent with the sub-objectives? Are the goals and measures aligned? Are personal goals aligned with organizational development goals?

4 Challenging Principle: Are the goals and measures challenging, or are they just being kept as they are?

5 Motivational Principle: Does the goal match your personality, interests, and strengths? Is it intrinsically motivating to yourself?

6 The principle of cooperation: Are the goals of the individual and those of others cooperative and coordinated?

7. Whole-process principle: When formulating a career plan, the entire process of career development must be taken into account and considered throughout the whole process.

8. Specific principles: The route division and arrangement of each stage of life planning must be specific and feasible.

Fundamentals of Career Planning:

1. Rational decision-making theory: the application of decision-making theory derived from economics in career development, which believes that the purpose of career planning is to cultivate and enhance the individual's decision-making ability or problem-solving ability.

2. Career development theory: It is the process of career selection from the perspective of development, and studies the career guidance theory of individual professional behavior, career development stage and career maturity.

3. Psychological development theory: using psychoanalytic methods to study the process of career choice, it is believed that the purpose of career choice is to meet personal needs and promote individual development. Career guidance should focus on the enhancement of "self-functioning", because if the individual's psychological problems are solved, then life problems, including career choices, will be completed without additional guidance.

Everyone has the opportunity to choose a career that is appropriate to his or her characteristics, which can be measured by objective means. Career guidance is to help individuals find a career that is consistent with their characteristics, so as to achieve a reasonable match between people and careers.

Extended information: The duration of career planning is generally divided into short-term planning, medium-term planning and long-term planning. The short-term plan is the plan within three years, which is mainly to determine the goal and plan the tasks to be completed.

Medium-term targets are generally three to five years long, and medium-term targets are designed on the basis of near-term goals. Long-term goals are planned for five to 10 years, and the main goal is set for the long term. Career planning encompasses a person's learning, productive contribution to a profession or organization, and eventual retirement.

1) The principle of seeking truth from facts. Accurate self-identification and self-evaluation are the prerequisites for formulating and formulating personal career plans. First of all, an individual's career goals must be consistent with their self-awareness ability, personal characteristics and job adaptability.

Secondly, the determination of personal career goals and career paths should take into account the objective environmental conditions (3) personal career goals should be consistent with enterprise goals.

When college students are doing career design, they should follow:Career planningThe basic steps and content are required to be carried out, and focus on the development of implementation strategies.

The basic steps of college students' career planning The basic steps of college students' career planning include five links: self-assessment, external environment analysis, goal setting, strategy implementation, and feedback and revision.

Self-assessment For college students, it is mainly about understanding all the factors related to the college students themselves, such as interests, knowledge, skills, emotional intelligence, etc. The results of the self-assessment can be obtained through methods such as self-profiling, career tests, and role recommendations.

Analysis of the external environment For college students, the external environment is mainly the market and employers and other factors, especially in recent years, the rapid development of the economy, the rapid development of science and technology, the intensification of market competition, and the higher and higher requirements of employers, these factors have a great impact on the development of individuals. Therefore, when formulating personal career planning, college students should analyze the characteristics of environmental conditions, the development and changes of the environment, the relationship between themselves and the environment, their own status in the environment, the requirements of the environment for themselves, and the favorable and unfavorable conditions of the environment for themselves.

Goal setting This is the core content of career planning. On the basis of self-assessment and external environment analysis, choose your own career direction and establish career development goals. For example, a first-year college student who is ready to become an excellent psychologist can set goals and overall goals for himself in the early, middle, and late stages of his career.

When college students make short-term plans, they mainly establish the career direction and stage goals of Genno, which is the first time to choose a job.