Confucius, the difference between Mencius s thought, what is the biggest difference between Confuciu

Confucius was a person in the Spring and Autumn Period, when the royal family began to decline and the ritual system began to collapse, and the ideas put forward by Confucius were mainly to restore the old ritual and music system, and his ideas were based on "benevolence" as the core, starting from the individual, and then extending to the surrounding areas and even the whole country.

Mencius lived in the Warring States Period, the Warring States Period began with the three families divided into Jin, Sima Guang clearly pointed out at the beginning of the "Zizhi Tongjian" that the Zhou Dynasty's ritual system was completely destroyed by the time the three families were divided into Jin, which means that it is impossible to restore the old ritual and music system, and a new system must be established.

After Confucius, Mozi appeared, sharply criticizing Confucianism, "Confucianism is enough to destroy the world's four political affairs", and later Legalists and others all thought that Confucianism's "benevolence and righteousness" were empty, not practical, and useless. Therefore, Mencius's thought is to counter these criticisms, and at the same time to improve and develop Confucianism. Mencius first criticized the Mohists and Yang Zhu as "kingless and fatherless" people, and then put forward the practice of "benevolent government", "a five-acre house, a tree with mulberry, and fifty people can be clothed......"When the people have food and clothing, it is the beginning of benevolent government.

Confucius said that killing oneself is to become benevolent, and Mencius said that sacrificing one's life for righteousness is obviously different. Confucius advocated personal benevolence and then pushed oneself to others, while Mencius lobbied the monarch to implement benevolent government, believing that everyone has benevolence, and as long as it is carried forward, the world can be stable. In addition, Confucius paid attention to the order of the noble and the low, and Mencius believed that the society was the most important, the people were secondary, and the monarch was light.

This is because the wars during the Warring States period were very frequent and continued year after year, and the people suffered greatly, which was different from the Spring and Autumn Period.

The main thing is to read more historical materials and understand more about the background of the times at that time.

Confucius and Mencius had the same political ideological foundation, mainly thinking from the perspective of "benevolence, love, and kindness". Confucius and Mencius advocated that "the benevolent love others, and people always love them". In other words, the two of them unanimously believe that "benevolence" is very important for the cultivation of a person's sentiments.

Confucius and Mencius share the basic spiritual concept of political thought, advocating "benevolent governance" and "rule of law". Confucius advocated "rule by virtue", that is, "virtue for government". Confucius's political thought reveals a basic principle, that is, those who are kings should rule the country by virtue.

Confucius and Mencius agreed on the basic methods in their political thought, both advocated governing the people through the means of "education", and emphasized "emphasizing education". All emphasize the policy of "enriching the people". Confucius's idea of "rule by virtue" put forward the policy of "practicing egalitarianism".

They all advocate the simultaneous use of "morality and reason", and use "punishment" as an auxiliary "morality and reason". The use of decrees and punishments to rule can only be punished after the fact, and even if it can prevent the commission of disorder from continuing for a while, it does not make people realize that the evil of such events will eventually happen one day.

Confucius advocated "benevolence", "Fan Chi asked about benevolence, and Confucius said: 'Love others.'" ’”

Mencius, on the other hand, advocated "benevolent government", "benevolent government for the people, and the people are noble and the monarch is light." ”

Confucius paid more attention to "etiquette", and Mencius was more practical.

Kong Chong Lijiao, Meng Chong behavior.

The core of Confucius's thought is "benevolence" and "propriety".

The proposition of "benevolence" is that "benevolent people love others", and this proposition requires the ruling class to be sensitive to the people's feelings and oppose harsh government. Confucius believed that in order to achieve "love for others", it is also necessary to follow the way of "loyalty and forgiveness", that is, the requirement of "do not do unto others as you would have them do unto you".

The proposition of "rites" is "self-denial and revenge", that is, to restrain oneself and make oneself meet the requirements of "rites", and the "rites" pursued by Confucius are the hierarchical system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Confucius also further put forward the idea of "correct names", that is, to correct the hierarchical order and achieve the order of the noble and the low. This reflects the conservative side of his political thinking.

The core of Mencius's political thought is "benevolent government", and the doctrine of "benevolent government" is the inheritance and development of Confucius's "benevolent learning" thought.

Mencius started from Confucius's idea of "benevolence" and expanded it into a program of governance that includes ideology, politics, economy, culture and other aspects, that is, "benevolent government". The basic spirit of "benevolent government" is also to have deep sympathy and love for the people.