This paper briefly describes the background of the development of newspapers in ancient China and th

Answer]: (1) Subjective original dilemma: The official control of the newspaper is too strict, and the newspaper operator cannot go beyond the thunder pond except for copying and displaying the signs, the content is rigid, the business is backward, and it cannot meet the growing information needs of the society.

2) Objective reasons: Due to the opening of the sea ban, the feudal policy of closing the country was broken, and the modern new style of newspapers and periodicals entered China with the Western invaders. These modern newspapers and periodicals have news, commentary, advertising, literary works and other contents, and are highly readable, informative, and timely.

Answer]: Ancient Chinese government-run newspapers have gone through four periods: germination, development, maturity and decline. The Tang Dynasty was the embryonic period, the Song and Yuan dynasties were the development period, the Ming Dynasty and the early middle and early Qing dynasties were the maturity periods, and the middle and early Qing dynasties were the decline periods.

1) Tang Dynasty: The appearance of the Jinju Yuan, which was transmitted by the Jinju official to the feudal towns, was used to introduce the political dynamics and various information of the imperial court, with an official nature, and was the prototype of the earliest official newspaper. There are two copies of the Dunhuang Jinju Courtyard, which are the only surviving and earliest two original newspapers in the world.

2) Song Dynasty: The Di Bao that began to appear under the unified management of the feudal ** central department, was issued by the specialized agency Jinjuanyuan. As the most frequently used title for feudal official newspapers in ancient times, Di Bao began in the Song Dynasty.

The Song Dynasty formed the basic characteristics of ancient Chinese official newspapers, including content and readership, which continued until the middle and late Qing Dynasty. The rulers of the Song Dynasty began to implement the fixed book system and strengthened their control over the Di Bao.

3) Yuan Dynasty: Due to the short reign time, there was no system of unified issuance of ** official newspapers by the central departments like the Song Dynasty. Official news dissemination activities are mainly concentrated in the province of Zhongcheng Xianmu.

4) Ming Dynasty: The official newspaper is still the Di newspaper, without the Jinjuan Academy, and the central department arranges the release and copying of the feudal official newspaper, mainly through the three links of the General Administration Department, the Six Branches, and the Titang, which is more rigorous than the previous generation. The copies of the Di newspaper preserved in the Ming Dynasty include "Wanli Di Banknote" and "Tianbian Di Banknote", and the only original Ming Dynasty newspaper that can be seen is the "Urgent Election Newspaper".

5) The middle and early Qing Dynasty: The Qing Dynasty referred to the distribution method of the official newspaper of the Ming Dynasty and continued to issue Di Bao nationwide, and the distribution channel was similar to that of the Ming Dynasty, and Titang played an important role. The content is basically the same. There was also a kind of tabloid in the official newspaper, but the content was basically the same as that of the Di newspaper.

6) In the middle and late Qing Dynasty: With the introduction of modern new newspapers and periodicals, the ancient feudal official newspapers came to the end of history and gradually withdrew from the historical stage.

Answer]: Since the emergence of private newspapers in ancient China in the Song Dynasty, they have been under the high-pressure policy of the rulers, trying to survive in the chaos and scattered cracks, and their content has been greatly restricted, and has never developed.

1) Song Dynasty: The earliest folk newspaper tabloid in the history of Chinese journalism appeared. The publication of tabloids met the society's demand for information on imperial court affairs and personnel, and became an important supplement to the newspaper. and excited.

2) Yuan Dynasty: There are many channels for the dissemination of folk news, and the "small book" engraved by the folk is similar to the tabloid of the Song Dynasty. There are also printing and purchasing new science and technology jinshi lists and door-to-door reports. Wow.

3) Ming Dynasty: After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, private newspaper offices and specialized industries engaged in newspaper copying began to appear in the capital Beijing and other places. The contents of the newspapers published by the private newspaper are basically the same as those of the official newspapers. In the last years of Chongzhen, letterpress printing began to be widely used.

4) In the early and middle Qing Dynasty: some newspaper copyers were separated from the Titang newspaper office and established a private newspaper office. The newspapers published by the private newspaper office are collectively referred to as Beijing Daily, which at first did not have a masthead or cover, but later there was a significant change in form, and a cover and masthead began to appear.

The content is basically a copy of the official newspaper, and there is no self-collected news and opinion.

5) Middle and late Qing Dynasty: With the introduction of modern new newspapers and periodicals, ancient folk newspapers also came to the end of history, gradually withdrawing from the stage of history, and were replaced by modern new newspapers and periodicals run by the Chinese people.