A few judgments on financial accounting Thank you

Categories: Region>> Anhui, >> Hefei.

Problem description: 2. True/False:

1. The value of the enterprise not only includes the newly created value, but also the potential or expected profit confidence of the enterprise.

2. When all the funds of the enterprise are free, the enterprise only has operational risks but no financial risks; When there is borrowed funds in the enterprise, there is only financial risk and no operational risk.

3. The time value of money is created by time, so all currencies have time value.

4. There are only two factors that determine the level of interest rates: the supply and demand of funds.

5. If the interest rate of the company's debt funds is lower than its return on assets, increasing the asset-liability ratio can increase the return on owners' equity.

6. The larger the turnover rate of accounts receivable, the greater the possibility of bad debt losses.

7. The smaller the scale of debt, the more reasonable the capital structure of the enterprise.

8. The larger the amount of funds raised, the more conducive to the development of the enterprise.

9. Generally, the higher the market interest rate, the lower the issuance of bonds**.

10. When comparing the two schemes, the greater the standard deviation, the greater the risk.

Analysis: In order:

True or False True or False (Question 5 is difficult, I'm not sure) True or False True (The last question is not clear either.)

The estimation and judgment of the causes of financial accounting errors are as follows:

1. From the specific manifestations of accounting errors, the causes of accounting errors mainly include malpractice.

1) Accountants confuse capital expenditures with revenue expenditures. For example, the accountant included the labor costs that should have been included in the construction in progress into the pre-production expenses.

2) Accountants make mistakes in account classification or collude in bookkeeping. For example, an accountant directly credits an item that should have been included in an unrecognized financing expense to a finance expense.

3) Accountants make mistakes in physical measurement or data calculation.

4) Accounting estimation errors. For example, accountants misestimate the useful life and estimated net residual value of fixed assets, resulting in incorrect accrual of accumulated depreciation for each period of the enterprise.

2. From the perspective of the motivation of accounting errors, the causes of accounting errors include:

1) Negligence of accounting personnel. This situation refers to the occasional mistakes that occur in the process of accounting personnel due to insufficient prudence in their practice.

2) Accounting personnel have poor professional ability. Accountants themselves have poor business ability and do not know how to keep accounts correctly and make mistakes.

3) Accounting personnel take the initiative to create accounting errors. Accounting personnel deliberately create accounting errors out of self-interest or under pressure from superiors, which can be attributed to accounting fraud in nature.

Treatment of accounting errors for the current year that are discovered in the current period

1. If the voucher is correct but the account book is registered incorrectly, the cross-out correction method shall be used to correct it. The accountant can directly cross out the wrong content with a red line and register the correct content with a blue pen on it.

2. If the amount recorded in the voucher is lower than the actual amount and the bookkeeping error is caused, the supplementary registration method shall be used to correct it. The accountant only needs to re-register the vouchers and account books according to the missing amount.

3. If the amount recorded in the voucher is higher than the actual amount or the voucher has a non-monetary error, resulting in an error in the account book, it shall be corrected in accordance with the red-letter correction method. The accountant first needs to register an accounting voucher that is exactly the same as the original erroneous voucher in red letters, and then register a correct voucher in blue letters.

For held-to-maturity investments made by an enterprise, the held-to-maturity investments – cost account should be debited at the fair value of the investment plus transaction costs paid (false, cost at par value, interest adjustment on the difference).

When disposing of held-to-maturity investments, the difference between the amount actually received and its carrying amount should be included in the fair value change profit or loss (false, measured subsequently at the amortized cost at the effective interest rate).

If the enterprise gives the bonds receivable to the bank and does not bear the corresponding risk of bad debts, it will be treated as the creditor's rights receivable and the accounts receivable will be sold (right).

Impairment losses incurred on investments in equity instruments available for supply shall not be reversed (right) through gains or losses

The closing balance of the debit side of "financial assets" reflects the fair value of the financial assets available to the enterprise (false, asset impairment provision).

The operating cost in the income statement is calculated and filled in according to the current amount of the main business cost account plus the current amount of other business cost accounts (this should be correct, our company is the main business cost account and other business cost accounts under the operating cost account).

The information provided in the accounting statements is only useful (false) to external investors and creditors

Business tax and surcharge in the income statement do not include stamp duty (pair).

The closing balance of the debit side of "available financial assets" reflects the fair value of the financial assets available to the enterprise.

The book says that's right..?

1. According to the accounting vouchers, original vouchers or summary of the original vouchers, it can also be summarized and registered on a regular basis.

2 is the registration of the general ledger, there is no sub-ledger.

3. Property inventory can be regular or irregular.

4. Irregular excavation and infiltration, local inventory.

5. Check the comparison between the actual quantity and the book number of physical assets, and check whether the number of accounts and the actual number of assets are consistent.

6. Offset the management expenses after approval, and check them at least once or twice within 7 years.

8. It can be kept by the finance and accounting department for one year.

9. It is signed and sealed by the supervisor, which is controversial, but the loose limb on the accounting foundation is written by the supervisor.

10. Accounting vouchers, original vouchers or summary vouchers.

1. False, loan liability accounts and accounts receivable belong to the daily operating assets account.

2. False, transaction costs should be included in the "Investment Income" account.

3. False, the cash dividends declared by the investee during the holding period of the trading financial assets, and the interest calculated on the balance sheet date according to the coupon rate of the investment in the bonds paid in installments and repaid in a lump sum, should be borrowed: dividends receivable or interest receivable, credit: investment income.

4. False, it should be included in the interest receivable.

5, right.

1. Accept the risk.

2. The calculation and answer chain clears the asset impairment loss and loss.

5. There is no need to recognize the pre-liquidation income, only the labor cost.