Why sociology is so prevalent in the United States

The original sentence is as follows:

The American sociologist Margaret Mead divided human society into three eras: "pre-metaphorical culture", "parallel metaphorical culture" and "post-metaphorical culture". In the "pre-metaphor culture", the younger generation mainly learns from the elders; In the "metaphorical culture", the learning of both the younger and the older takes place among their peers. After the Second World War, the vigorous development of the scientific and technological revolution brought great changes to the whole society, and the society entered a period of "post-metaphor culture" in which the elders reversed their mistakes and learned from the younger generations.

If there were a number of elders in the past, they knew better than the young people by virtue of their accumulated experience in a particular cultural system. That is no longer the case today." Mead concludes in the article.

In the "post-metaphor era", students will obtain information earlier and more than parents and teachers through the Internet or other means, and when students' perception of things conflicts with the knowledge taught by teachers, students will boldly or ruthlessly evaluate or criticize teachers' "education".

Extension: Margaretmead (1901-1978), American anthropologist, one of the most important scholars in the formation of modern anthropology in the United States. Margaret Mead was born in Philadelphia on December 16, 1901, and completed and published The Coming of Age in Samoa in 1928.

He has served as director of the American Museum of Natural History and president of the American Anthropological Association. Mead has put forward cultural determinism, three-metaphor cultural theory, and generation gap theory, and is known as the mother of anthropology. On November 15, 1978, Margaret Mead died in New York, USA.

He was then awarded the Order of Freedom.

Both American retro and campus are among the important areas of social studies, but they are not the only best places because the scope of social studies is very broad, and different fields have different research objects and methods.

In terms of American retro, researchers can understand the development process, values, cultural forms, and social structure of American society by examining the social, political, cultural, and economic aspects of American history, and how these factors affect today's American society.

On campus, researchers can understand the psychological state of modern young people, the characteristics of actors, and social needs, and how these factors affect today's social and cultural development by examining students' learning, life, emotion, and interpersonal interactions.

However, the field of social research is very broad, and the research objects and methods of the first series have their own unique value and significance. In addition to American retro and campus, social research can also involve aspects such as politics, economics, environment, technology, culture, etc., and research methods can also include questionnaires, interviews, field observations, literature analysis and other methods. Therefore, in order to conduct comprehensive and in-depth social research, it is necessary to select different research objects and methods according to the specific situation.

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The sociology major cultivates students with comprehensive sociological theoretical knowledge and proficient social investigation skills. Able to engage in social research and investigation in education, scientific research institutions, party and government institutions, enterprises and institutions, and social organizations. It is also a high-level professional in policy research and evaluation, social planning and management, development research and development.

Sociology in the United States has a wide range of disciplines, and there are many intersecting disciplines, so students who go to the United States to study sociology should pay attention to this aspect and choose the direction of sociology study according to their future employment direction.

In many developed countries and regions, social work is a very noble and decent job, and the pay is good. In Hong Kong, China, where social workers have a stable income, the monthly salary of junior social workers is generally 10,000 Hong Kong dollars, and the annual salary of senior social workers can reach more than 400,000 yuan.

Most of the early sociologists in the United States studied in Europe, and most of them switched from history, philosophy, and natural sciences to sociology. The more famous sociologists are: Ward, Sumner, Giddings, Small, Cooley, and others.

The most representative monograph is Sumner's Treatise on Folklore (1906). Later, the Chicago School was formed in the first sociology department founded by Small, who introduced participatory observation techniques into sociological research, and conducted in-depth empirical research on a variety of social issues, especially urban problems. The achievements of the Chicago School marked a new stage in the development of American sociology from the early stage of absorbing and disseminating European sociology to having its own characteristics.

The Polish Peasants in Europe and the United States (1918-1920), co-authored by Thomas and Znanitzki, was a milestone in this development. A group of Chicago School scholars and their research results around Parker marked the maturity of American-style empirical sociology. This ethos of emphasizing empirical research and the study of practical social problems has always been the mainstream of American sociology.

At the same time as the rise of empirical sociology in the Chicago School, Cooley and Mead laid the groundwork for the theory of social psychology. By the mid-30s, Harvard University and Columbia University had formed their own sociological research centers, thus ending the situation of the Chicago School.

The decline of sociology in the United States first emerged in the late 19th century, starting with the introduction of the writings and ideas of famous European sociologists in the university forum. In the 70s of the 19th century, Sumner was at Yale University with HSpencer's book was used as a textbook to teach the theory of social evolution, which was the first sociology course to be offered in American universities.