R D status and prospects of bioenergy 80

When I think of bioenergy, I think of biodiesel. Through transgenic methods, soybeans, rapeseeds, and tung oil from China are obtained to extract oil as fuel. In addition, on the fifth page of Wen Wei Po on May 7, 2006, there was an article entitled "Dialogue between the Corn Boy and the Oil Boss", which is worth seeing.

China Bioenergy Network.

Bioenergy Grid.

It is discussed in great detail.

The development prospects of biomass energy are very good.

Biomass energy is the fourth largest energy source in the world, second only to coal, oil and natural gas, but compared with coal, oil and natural gas, biomass energy has the advantages of renewability, clean, low-carbon, substitution and abundant raw materials that they do not have.

China's annual Zhengqiao energy utilization of biomass resources is very rich, as a large agricultural country, shouting Lu Meng, China's crop straw output is as high as 100 million tons, according to China's rural straw advantages, a large number of straw resources can be converted into available biomass energy. China's forestry waste resources are about 100 million tons, equivalent to 200 million tons of coal. At the same time, because China is a large country with a large population, a large amount of biological waste and livestock and poultry manure in China can also be converted into biomass energy as biomass resources.

As an important renewable energy source, biomass power generation has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, energy saving, benefiting farmers and reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and is the fourth largest energy source in the world after oil, coal and natural gas. Biomass has the characteristics of being inexhaustible and inexhaustible. At the same time, biomass energy technology is mature, widely used, less polluting, and safer, and plays an important role in coping with global climate change, the contradiction between energy supply and demand, protecting the ecological environment, and benefiting people's livelihood, and is an important force in energy transition.

According to the data of the National Energy Administration, by the end of 2019, China's installed biomass power generation capacity reached 22.54 million kilowatts, a year-on-year increase; In 2019, biomass power generation was 111.1 billion kWh, a year-on-year increase.

From the perspective of the development of the biomass power generation industry in various provinces, the installed capacity of the eastern coastal area and Guangdong region is in the leading position. By the end of 2019, the installed capacity of biomass power generation in Shandong Province reached 10,000 kilowatts, Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province reached 10,000 kilowatts and 10,000 kilowatts respectively, and the installed capacity of Guangdong Province reached 10,000 kilowatts. By the end of 2019, the cumulative installed capacity of agricultural and forestry biomass power generation in 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country was 9.73 million kilowatts, an increase of 21% over 2018, and the new installed capacity in 2019 was 1.7 million kilowatts.

By the end of 2019, the top five provinces in terms of cumulative installed capacity of agricultural and forestry biomass power generation were Shandong Province, Anhui Province, Heilongjiang Province, Hubei Province and Jiangsu Province, and the total installed capacity of the five provinces accounted for the cumulative installed capacity of the country.

At present, the overall utilization of biomass energy in China is mostly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, and the proportion in the central and western regions is low. At present, the number of aircraft is low, but the month-on-month growth is high. According to the latest national documents, the country will increase subsidies for biomass energy power generation in the future, and further implement the policy of a complete ban on coal, and biomass energy still has huge market potential in the future and will gradually develop into a mature industry.

Clean new energy is known as green energy, and its biggest feature is that it does not cause environmental pollution after combustion or use, which is conducive to maintaining ecological balance. The development of clean new energy is the development direction of the future energy industry construction. The results of the research on the application of biotechnology, especially microbial technology, in the development of clean and new energy sources are highlighted.

Fuel cells use gaseous fuels (such as hydrogen, methane, etc.) to directly react with oxygen to produce electricity, which is a promising way to use energy due to its high efficiency and low pollution. Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States have designed a new type of battery fueled by hydrocarbons such as methane, which is much lower than that of traditional fuel cells fueled by hydrocarbons. Researchers have tried to use cheap hydrocarbons as fuel, but the "residue" of chemical reactions can easily accumulate on the nickel battery cathode and cause a broken circuit, and the "residue" accumulation problem is solved by using a mixture of copper and ceramics to make the battery cathode.

The newly developed fuel cell can use five kinds of hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, toluene, butene, and butane as fuel sources, and can produce methane and other hydrocarbons through microbial fermentation, which has become a relatively rich and extensive raw material for the development of new fuel cells**. At present, the energy conversion efficiency of this new fuel cell is still low, and it needs to be further researched and improved.

The application of biotechnology in the energy field is still very extensive, and it will play a better role for everyone.

China's biomass pellet fuel is still in the early stage of development, limited by the rural market, the degree of specialization is not high, there are few large enterprises, the market system is not perfect, and it has not yet successfully developed the first-class commercial sailing market. So far, biomass energy has been in an embarrassing situation of "once entering the energy is as deep as the sea, it is the norm to hit a wall". But in fact, biomass energy is an emerging ecological energy, including any renewable or recyclable organic matter, which can be developed and utilized rationally by science, and can have an industrial market of 100 billion yuan.

Compared with the traditional energy industry, biomass energy has the characteristics of renewable, low pollution, and wide distribution. The harsh reality has forced human society to find and develop renewable and clean energy, especially in China. Biomass energy can cover the entire spectrum of fossil fuels, so the time is ripe for this industry to flourish.

The 13th Five-Year Plan for Biomass Energy Development previously issued by the National Energy Administration clearly states that the total amount of biomass resources such as crop straw and agricultural product processing residues, domestic waste and organic waste that can be used as energy is about 100 million tons of standard coal per year. By the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan in 2020, biomass energy will account for 30% of renewable energy, more than PV and wind power combined. It is understood that China's key biomass industry will achieve large-scale development and become a new industry that drives the construction of new urbanization and rural economic development.

Biomass energy is the energy provided by living plants in nature. These plants use biomass as a medium to store solar energy. It is a renewable energy source.

It is calculated that the energy stored in biomass is 27 billion kilowatts, which is twice the current amount of total energy consumption in the world. The earliest energy used in human history was biomass energy. Before the second half of the 19th century, the energy used by human beings was mainly fuelwood.

At present, the more effective ways to use biomass energy are: (1) Biogas production. It mainly uses urban and rural organic waste, straw, water, human and animal manure to produce combustible methane through anaerobic digestion for living and production.

2) Alcohol is produced from biomass. In the current world energy structure, biomass energy accounts for a negligible proportion.

The development of biomass power generation in China exceeds the planned expectations, and the future development prospects continue to improve

In July 2017, the "13th Five-Year Plan for Biomass Power Generation" proposed that by 2020, the total scale of biomass power generation in China's 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in line with the national renewable energy support policy will reach 23.34 million kilowatts, including 13.12 million kilowatts of agricultural and forestry biomass power generation; 10.22 million kilowatts of waste-to-energy incineration. As of the end of September 2020, the cumulative installed capacity of biomass power generation in China was 26.17 million kilowatts, of which 13.5 million kilowatts were installed by waste-fired power generation, which greatly exceeded planning expectations ahead of schedule. However, the installed capacity of agricultural and forestry biomass power generation is 11.8 million kilowatts, which is still 1.32 million kilowatts away from the expected target.

Zheng Sheng'an, president of the General Institute of Hydropower and Water Conservancy Planning and Design, predicts that by 2025, the proportion of renewable energy in primary energy consumption will reach about 19%, and the proportion of renewable energy power generation in the whole society will reach about 32%. By 2050, renewable energy will account for about 50% of primary energy consumption, and renewable energy power generation will account for about 70% of the total electricity consumption of the whole society.

Biomass energy is an important renewable energy, in the future, with the country to accelerate the development of renewable energy, biomass power generation prospects are better, the development space is huge, conservatively estimated that in 2025, the electricity consumption of the whole society is trillions of kilowatt hours, then renewable energy power generation is trillion kilowatt hours, biomass energy annual power generation accounts for renewable energy power generation, then biomass power generation in 2025 is about 323.5 billion kilowatt hours, compared with 11.11 million kilowatt hours in 2019 to achieve double.

Status: Initial stage. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, under the advocacy of Academician Shi Yuanchun, some companies in Beijing have carried out industrialization exploration and achieved good benefits; During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the key development projects were included in the whole chapter, and the next few years will definitely be a five-year period for the rapid development of biomass.

Prospects: Promising futures. Traditional fossil energy sources are being depleted, and new energy sources must be developed. Nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy are all new clean energy, and the amount of biomass energy is the largest among these clean energy sources.

Question: Biogas is a relatively mature biomass energy; Bioethanol is a very large piece of biomass energy, and it still has a big problem to solve: 1. Starch fermentation, the impact of the food crisis makes it unrealistic to ferment alcohol in grain.

2. Through the fermentation of plant cellulose, the antibacterial effect of by-products and the transformation efficiency of fungi are all problems to be solved.

China is rich in biomass resources, and the annual output of straw alone is nearly 100 million tons of standard coal. The total annual energy consumption is about 100 million tons of standard coal, the vast majority of which is fossil energy. On the one hand, there is still an inefficient utilization method of traditional direct burning of straw in rural areas of China, and the energy waste is serious; On the other hand, due to the gradual transformation of energy consumption in rural areas, more and more straw is discarded in the fields and directly incinerated, polluting the environment and wasting energy.

The rational use of biomass energy such as straw can effectively reduce the consumption of mineral energy and ensure the sustainable development of the economy.

At present, China's megawatt biomass power generation technology is very mature!