When people in northern Shaanxi built caves, how did they choose the geographical location?

Generally, choose a place with convenient transportation, dry terrain, slightly higher terrain, convenient drainage, and people who understand folk customs need to finalize the final result.

The cave will choose the sunny side of the mountain. Because there is only one direction for the lighting of the cave, which is the entrance, it must be sunny.

The cave of the people of northern Shaanxi has developed to the present, there are three styles of cliff type, sinking type, and independent type, and the cliff type as the name suggests is to find a mountain cliff to excavate directly, and the sinking type is to find a flat place, dig a square pit down, and then dig the cave, and the independent type is almost the same as the bungalow, but there is still a difference between the structure and the ordinary bungalow.

The cave is selected in a place with good soil quality, so that the cave dug out is not easy to collapse, very strong, unless it happens, otherwise it will not easily collapse, and you can also choose to dig the cave by the mountain.

Summary. Hello, you can mention what are the advantages of cave compared with ordinary houses.

Hello, you can mention what are the advantages of cave compared with ordinary houses.

Two. The second is what are the characteristics of earthen caves in northern Shaanxi.

Generally, the caves in northern Shaanxi are built with stones or bricks.

The cave is covered with thick tamped loess, and the large scale can be made into multiple rooms or multiple layers up and down, and the exterior can also be built with another house to form a courtyard. The sinking type is to dig the courtyard patio down on the flat ground, and then dig the cave horizontally on the wall of the well, divide the main house and the wing room, and the entrance ramp of the rock is in the southeast corner.

The free-standing type is actually a cave-shaped ground building, which is warm in winter and cool in summer. It is not much different from the general courtyard house, with a wooden eaves corridor in front and a flat roof covered with earth.

Cave dwellings can be divided into three types: pit type, cliff type and adobe type. Pit type caves are dug in the ground, and caves are dug on three or four sides to live, and there are ramps to enter and exit. The cliff type cave is to dig the cave layer by layer along the side of the mountain and the ditch.

The adobe arch cave is covered with adobe arch and insulated. In addition, there are also cave-style houses made of bricks and stones.

Pit caves are also seen in the western Henan Plain with thick loess layer, such as the pit caves in Gong County, Henan, where the whole village and street are often built below the floor, and from a distance, only the canopy of the village and the trees on the ground are seen.

Northern Shaanxi is one of the areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in China, and due to its dry climate, adobe walls and caves are commonly used in building houses. Cave is a unique form of architecture that can protect against the cold and keep warm, which is of great help to the life of the occupants. So, how are caves built?

1.Site selection of the cave.

First of all, it is important to choose a suitable cave site. There are many mountains and little water in northern Shaanxi, and the construction of caves is generally selected in alluvial plains, low-lying areas or at the foot of mountains. The higher terrain is not conducive to the heat dissipation of the cave, and the temperature is very high in summer; In the low-lying places, it is easy to accumulate water, which is not conducive to the ventilation of the cave.

2.Design and excavation of caves.

The design of the cave is generally excavated from the slope downward, surrounded by mountains, which can protect it from wind and rain. The excavation of the cave is divided into four stages: flat, horizontal and placed, and the specific operation is: using tools such as shovels, mud pots, and pounding sticks, the hole is first excavated, and then the first clothing area, the middle section, the bottom of the kang and the stove are dug out, and finally the sewer is dug out.

3.The walls of the cave and the top of the town manuscript calendar.

The material of the wall is mainly loess in the structure, and after tamping, lime hanging straw slurry is used to cover several layers of straw mats or straw on the surface of the adobe to enhance the seismic and waterproof ability of the wall. The top of the cave is mostly made of wooden beams, and then several layers of straw, pine bark, etc. are covered on the beams to enhance the thermal insulation effect.

4.Decoration and furniture of the cave.

The decoration of the cave is simple and unpretentious, mostly with white ash finish, or Yusou painted some Tujia or Miao patterns on the walls. The furniture in the cave is generally prepared by yourself or made from local materials, such as kang buckets, kang stools, tables, chairs, etc., which are very simple and practical.

In addition to being a special architectural form, the cave also represents the lifestyle and cultural heritage of the people of northern Shaanxi. However, with the development of modernization, many young people are no longer willing to choose caves as their residences, but prefer to live in buildings and villas.

The cave is a product of the Loess Plateau and a symbol of farmers in northern Shaanxi.

The natural conditions of the Loess Plateau, such as dry climate and little rainfall, cold winter, and less wood, have created an opportunity for the development and continuation of the caves that are warm in winter and cool in summer, very economical, and do not need wood. Due to the influence of the natural environment, geomorphological characteristics and local terroir, the caves form a variety of forms.

The cave in northern Shaanxi is a cave with such a vault carved out according to the mountain. Because the loess itself has the property of standing upright and not collapsing, and the load-bearing capacity of the vault is better than that of the flat roof, the cave generally adopts the way of the vault to ensure its stability. Northern Shaanxi takes the characteristics of thick soil layer and low groundwater level on the Loess Plateau, and digs caves for dwellings, which has the advantages of being warm in winter and cool in summer.