Ten examples each of the principle of politeness and the principle of cooperation Urgent!

1. The content of the principle of cooperation.

In the late sixties of the last century, the American philosopher Grice first proposed the principle of cooperation. He believes that in all language communication activities, in order to achieve a certain purpose, there is a tacit understanding between the speaker and the listener, and both sides of the conversation follow a certain principle in the conversation, which he calls the cooperative principle (CP). According to Grice, people are always cooperating with each other in conversation, and both the speaker and the listener want to understand each other better.

Grice himself was a philosopher, and the four criteria he proposed for the principle of cooperation were to apply the four philosophical categories of quantity, quality, relation, and mode of the German scientist Kant (Ho Zhaoxiong, 2000: 166). The principle of cooperation is a pragmatic rule that we follow at all times in our conversations.

2. The content of the principle of courtesy.

The principle of cooperation only explains the conversational meaning and understanding of people who use language indirectly, but it does not explain why people do this way and do not communicate in a straightforward way. To compensate for Grice's principle of cooperation, the Chinese linguist Lee Chéch (1983) proposed the famous politeness principle (pp). The "principle of politeness" was not pioneered by Leech.

And the phenomenon of politeness has long been discussed. Leech's "Principles of Politeness" include six sub-rules: strategy, generosity, praise, humility, approval, and compassion.

Leech points out that the principle of politeness can "rescue" the principle of cooperation, and that there is a mutually beneficial relationship between the two, or a relationship of giving in and out. The principle of cooperation is considered a little more, and the principle of politeness is often considered less, and vice versa.

The principles of courtesy include the following six guidelines:

1) Tact maxim: Try to let others suffer as little as possible, and try to let others benefit as much as possible.

2) Generosity maxim: Gain as little as you can and lose as much as you can.

4) Modesty maxim: praise yourself as little as possible, and demean yourself as much as possible.

5) Agreement maxim: Minimize the differences between the two parties and maximize the agreement between the two parties.

6) Sympathy maxim: Minimize the resentment of both parties and increase the sympathy of both parties.

The principle of cooperation (also known as the principle of cooperation) and the principle of politeness are two important principles in verbal communication. The principle of cooperation refers to the fact that in the process of communication, both parties should do their best to cooperate to achieve common goals. The principle of politeness emphasizes building on strengths and avoiding weaknesses, respecting each other, and maintaining good communication and interpersonal relationships.

However, in actual interpersonal interactions, people sometimes undermine these principles. Reasons for this may include:

1.Self-centered mindset: Some people may be more concerned about their own thoughts, feelings, and opinions than the other person's position and needs. This can lead to a lack of understanding, respect, and cooperation in the communication process.

2.Strong emotional and attitudinal issues: When people feel angry, frustrated, or anxious, they may become impatient, irritable, or even provocative during communication, which can lead to discoordinated communication.

3.Lack of trust: Some people may harbor distrust and suspicion towards others, which makes it difficult for them to cooperate and respect each other's views and opinions.

4.Social stress: In some cases, people may be affected by bonding to social stress, hoping to achieve more benefits and benefits in interpersonal interactions. This can lead to them being more inclined to break the principles of cooperation and politeness.

Often, people break the principle of cooperation or politeness often in an unconscious or emotionally unstable situation, and after realizing their mistakes, it is important to apologize and correct them in time. In addition, training emotional intelligence, enhancing interpersonal skills, presentation skills and communication skills can all help to improve the effectiveness of communication between people.

The principle of cooperation and politeness are the most basic and important principles that both parties should abide by in verbal communication. The principle of politeness is often used intersecting with the principle of cooperation, and the question of who takes precedence often arises. If there is a conflict between two principles, the speaker will decide which principle to highlight based on the communication situation at the time.

1. In more formal and solemn communication occasions, the principle of cooperation will give way to the principle of politeness. When the communication between the two parties is not deep, it is a violation of one of the guidelines in the principle of cooperation, which can ensure the smooth progress of communication.

2. In informal settings, in the case of close relations between the two parties, the principle of politeness will give way to the principle of cooperation. Because among friends, acquaintances, and communicators of equal status, politeness and politeness are not natural from the pragmatic point of view, and will be regarded as "false" and "pretentious".

The principle of cooperation should achieve a win-win situation, the principle of politeness should achieve respect, and the most important point to deal with the relationship between the two is fairness and equality.

Answer: The principle of politeness consists of 6 criteria: ruler (1) strategy criterion, zen slip (2) generosity criterion, (3) praise criterion, (4) modesty criterion, (5) approval criterion, (6) compassion criterion. Examples omitted.