Why is the surface of a metal equipotential after reaching electrostatic equilibrium in an electric

Under the action of the original electric field, the metal charge moves, creating an induced electric field.

The induced electric field will be reversed from the original electric field, so it cancels each other, and when the electrostatic equilibrium is finally reached, due to the large reversal of the induced electric field and the original electric field, the whole metal is an equipotential body, and the surface is an equipotential surface.

The so-called equipotential surface means that the surface of a metal in an electric field is equipotential, not that an isolated surface of a metal that is not affected by an external electric field is equipotential. Looking at this surface alone, the charge distribution is uneven, but it has reached equilibrium under the action of the surrounding electric field, which is the reason why the positive and negative charges on the metal surface move at both ends, and it is also the reason why the movement finally stops, just like a glass of water, even if you tilt the cup over, the water surface in the cup is shaken, and it is still level in the end.

If the ratio is an equipotential surface, there will also be a shift of the charge until it becomes an equipotential surface. Just like water, if the surface of the water is not level, the water will flow automatically until it becomes a calm surface.

When the metal is placed in an electric field, after electrostatic induction, the surface becomes an equipotential surface and the internal electric field is zero, because the applied electric field and the induced electric field cancel each other.

When an electric field is placed in the conductor, the electrostatic induction and equilibrium result in an equipotential surface on the surface, and the internal combined electric field (note that the combined field strength) is zero, because the applied electric field and the internal electric field induced by each other cancel each other out.

It can also be understood in this way: u=ed Since the internal combined field strength is 0 (i.e. e=0), then of course u is also 0.

Since there is no potential difference U, then it is naturally an equipotential surface.

After reaching electrostatic equilibrium, there is no movement of charges, i.e., all charges are in equilibrium. At this time, the sum of the field strength of the induced electric field and the external electric field inside the metal is 0, and the sum field strength of the surface is also perpendicular to the surface (otherwise the charge will move). Therefore, moving the charge along the surface, the electric field force does not do work, so it is an equipotential surface.

The internal field strength of the metal is zero, so the potential difference between any two points is zero, so it is an equipotential body.

Carriers in electrostatic Huai hidden slip equilibrium conductors (hereinafter referred to as conductors).

is a free electron) that moves under the electric field of a charged body. The law of movement is in line with "the same sex repels each other, and the opposite sex attracts".

Relative to the charged body, the conductor is close to the charged body and has a heterogeneous charge; The other end has the same kind of charge.

Because of the strength of the electric field.

is a vector quantity, so the electric field strength of the charged body is in the same direction as the end of the charged body, and the electric field strength becomes larger after superposition; The other end has the same charge as the charged body, and the field strength at a certain point between them is in the opposite direction, and becomes smaller when superimposed.

For example, one is positively charged.

If the charged body is close to the conductor, then the proximal end of the conductor will gather a negative charge, and the other end will have an equal amount of positive charge as the proximal end. Draw the electric field lines.

According to the superposition principle of electric field strength lead wax, it is naturally understood.

To add: it is also possible to think of a charged body as a field source charge, and a proximal and distal charge as a test charge. The closer you are to the field source charge, the greater the field strength.

Why is the electric field in the conductor zero when the electrostatic equilibrium? The electric field in a conductor on a charged body is not equal to zero. In electrostatic equilibrium, the induced charge generated by the approaching of the charged body on the conductor also generates an electric field in the conductor.

The superposition of the electric field and the electric field of the charged body makes the electric field strength in the conductor zero.

The conductor is in electrostatic equilibrium.

The phenomenon of zero internal field strength everywhere in the state is explained as follows: the conductor is in an external electric field, and under the action of the external electric field e, the free electrons in the conductor are present.

Subjected to the force of an electric field.

will move in the opposite direction of the electric field, resulting in an induced electric field E attached to the induced charge

0 is the opposite of the external electric field e, e

0 hinders the directional movement of free electrons in a conductor. As long as e>e0, the electrons will still move in orientation until e=e

0, the free charge in the conductor will stop moving directionally; At this time, e=e0, and the direction is opposite, that is, the combined field strength is zero, and there is no directional movement of charge, that is, the electrostatic equilibrium state is reached. However, it is worth noting that the electrostatic equilibrium only stops the directional movement on a macroscopic scale, and the charge inside the conductor is still doing irregular thermal motion, but the charge is only distributed on the surface of the conductor during the electrostatic equilibrium, and the surface is equipotential and the internal electric field strength.

is stable to zero.

In the electrostatic equilibrium state, the electric field strength will be zero throughout the conductor and on the surface, and the electric field strength in the area near the conductor surface will be e= not zero.

In electrostatic equilibrium, if it is an independent charged conductor, the reciprocal repulsion between the same kind of charges makes the charges move the farthest away from each other, of course, only the outer surface;

If it is a conductor placed in an electric field, the free electrons in the conductor move in the direction of the electric field force under the action of the electric field force to a place where they can no longer move, and the other end has an equal amount of dissimilar charge, which is also on the outer surface of the conductor.

The above is judged from the point of view of the force motion of the charge, and it can also be thought of like this:

If there is still a net charge inside the conductor, the internal field strength of the conductor is not zero everywhere, and the net charge is still subject to the electric field force to continue to move directionally, and the conductor has not yet reached the electrostatic equilibrium state, so the net charge of the conductor that has reached the electrostatic equilibrium state is only distributed on the outer surface.

The state of electrostatic equilibrium is the state in which the guide body is in the state without any electric charge making any macroscopic motion.

If the electric field strength inside the conductor is not 0, there will be a macroscopic movement of the charge by the electric field, and the electrostatic equilibrium condition will not be satisfied, so the electric field strength inside the conductor needs to be 0 everywhere

The electric field strength is equal to the negative value of the electric potential gradient, which simply reflects the spatial change of the electric potential, and the electric field strength inside the conductor is 0 everywhere, which means that the electric potential has not changed, that is, the conductor is an equipotential body.

Hope this explanation helps you :)

Answer: When the electrostatic equilibrium is equivalent, the internal potential of the conductor is also equivalent, and the surface is also equivalent, so the electric potential of the internal and surface is equal.

A metal conductor is placed in an electric field, and the free charge in the conductor moves directionally under the action of the electric field force, with an equal amount of heterogeneous charge at both ends of the conductor.

When the electrostatic equilibrium is reached, the internal field strength of the conductor is 0, the conductor is an equipotential body, the surface is an equipotential surface, and the electric potential inside the conductor and the surface is equal.

Wait, wait, and if you don't wait for the potential, an electric current will be formed.

Categories: Education Academic Exams >> Gaokao.

Problem description: An object in electrostatic equilibrium has zero internal field strength, so the electric field force does not do work when moving the charge inside it, so the electric potential is equal everywhere. So how is the electric potential of an object in electrostatic equilibrium determined?

Analysis: The electric potential of the charged body has relative significance, first of all, the type has to determine a reference point zero electric potential point, theoretically take the infinity or the earth potential is zero, if there are other conductors around the charged body grounded, then the grounding conductor potential is zero, if the charged body is positively charged, the electric potential is higher than the earth potential is positive, if the charged body is negatively charged, the electric potential is negative.

The determination of the electric potential of a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is the same as that of a charged body.

Good luck with your progress!!

Answer: The field strength of the residual sui laughing part of the electrostatic equilibrium conductor is zero, and there is a field strength on the outside, and there is a field strength on the surface of the conductor.

When a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium reaches electrostatic equilibrium.

1. The electric field generated by the induced charge inside the conductor is equal to the external electric field, the direction is opposite, and the combined field strength is zero.

2. The conductor is an equipotential body, and the surface is an equipotential surface. There is a field strength on the outside, and the surface field strength of the conductor surface is vertical and the conductor surface is perpendicular.

The electric potential has no relationship with the electric field strength (the electric potential is related to the zero electric potential selection, and the electric field strength is absolute).

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