Hanshu Food and Goods Chronicles Urgent! Translation of Hanshu Food and Goods .

1. Translation.

The Zhou dynasty declined to the Warring States period, advocating hypocrisy and violence over benevolence and righteousness, giving priority to material sufficiency and politeness to the last. At this time, Li Kui formulated a fatwa for Wei Wenhou to make full use of the productive capacity of the land, believing that the land is 100 miles in circumference, with a total of 90,000 hectares, and in addition to one-third of the dwellings in the mountainous Dahu Village, there are 6 million mu of land.

If the grain in a radius of 100 miles increases or decreases, it is 1.8 million stone millet. and buying grain too expensive will hurt the soldiers, industrialists, and merchants, and too cheap will hurt the peasants; When the soldiers, industrialists, and merchants are harmed, there will be dispersion, and if the peasants are harmed, there will be national poverty. So too expensive and too cheap, sure to hurt one side.

Those who are good at governing the country will not be harmed and the peasants will be more diligent.

Now a head of a household with a family of five cultivates 100 acres of land, and the annual harvest is one and a half stones per acre, and the amount of millet is 150 stones, and after deducting one-tenth of the tax of 15 stones, there is still 135 stones left. To eat, one person will cost one and a half stones a month, and five people will need ninety stone millet a year, and there will be forty-five stones left.

Thirty stone was sold, and one thousand three hundred and fifty yuan was obtained, and after the newly harvested grains and the spring and autumn sacrifices were eaten, three hundred yuan were used, and one thousand and fifty yuan was left. For dressing, one person roughly uses three hundred dollars, and five people use one thousand five hundred dollars a year, a difference of four hundred and fifty dollars. Unfortunately, the expenses of sickness, death and bereavement, and the payment of taxes are not counted in this wrapper.

2. Original text. As for the Warring States, Lingyi is noble and deceitful, cheap and benevolent, rich first and then polite. At that time, Li Kui did his best for Wei Wenhou, thinking that the place was 100 miles, and 900 hectares were sealed, except for the mountains and villages, and the Yiju ginseng was divided into one, and the land was 6 million mu. The increase and decrease of 100 miles of places is 1.8 million stones.

He also said: It hurts the people and the peasants.

The people's injuries are scattered, and the agricultural injuries are poor, so they are very expensive and cheap, and their injuries are also one. Those who are good for the country will not harm the people and benefit the farmers.

Today, a husband coerces five mouths, governs a hundred acres of land, and harvests one and a half stones per mu, which is one hundred and fifty stones of corn, and the remaining one hundred and thirty-five stones in addition to the tax of eleven fifteen stones. Food, one and a half stones per month, five people are 90 stones of millet at the end of the year, and the rest has 45 stones.

Stone thirty, for the money of three hundred and fifty, except for the shrine of the new and spring and autumn periods, with three hundred dollars, more than one thousand fifty. Clothing, the rate of people is three hundred, and five people use one thousand five hundred at the end of the year, less than four hundred and fifty. Unfortunately, the cost of death and death due to illness, and the upper endowment, have not been related to this.

3. Source. Hanshu Food and Goods Chronicles

The decline of the Zhou Dynasty entered the Warring States Period, and the vassal states only focused on conspiracy and violence and despised benevolence, righteousness and morality, first seeking to possess wealth and then emphasizing comity. At this time, Li Kui, as the prime minister of the Wei State, put forward the idea of further developing agricultural production, he believed that the land area within a radius of 100 li was about 90,000 hectares, excluding the mountains, rivers, and one-third of the area where the capital and the people lived, and there were 6 million mu of land. He also said that if grain is too expensive, it will harm the interests of ordinary people, and if it is too cheap, it will harm the interests of the peasants. If the interests of ordinary people are harmed, they will be dispersed to other places, and the interests of the peasants will be harmed, and if agricultural production is not done well, the country will be poor.

Therefore, if the food is too expensive or too cheap, it is not good, and it will hurt the people the same. At present, the average peasant household has a male laborer who can afford five people, cultivate 100 acres of land, and collect grain per mu a year for one stone and a half meter, a total of 150 stone of grain, excluding one-tenth of the tax payment, 15 stone, and the remaining 135 stone, and the ration, one stone of rice per person per month, and the annual ration for a family of five is 90 stone, and 45 stone is left after deduction. Each stone of grain was sold for thirty dollars, and a total of 1,350 yuan was obtained, and 300 money was apportioned to the gods of the shrine in the Spring and Autumn Festival after removing the Shelu, and there was still 1,000 and 50 money left.

It costs about 300 yuan per person to buy clothes, and 1,500 yuan a year for a family of five, which alone is 450 dollars. If there is an unfortunate illness and funeral expenses, as well as the expenses for paying taxes, this is why the peasants have been poor for a long time and do not encourage the peasants to develop production, which makes the price of grain so expensive.