How to prevent gene mutations in cells and why genetic mutations occur

Gene mutations are 1: random 2: not directed 3: low probability 4: mostly harmful.

Because it is not randomly oriented, it is not possible to prevent genetic mutations, and mutagenesis can only be prevented by reducing exposure to radioactive substances such as ultraviolet rays and X-rays.

In addition, I personally believe that we should not eat genetically modified food, although there is no conclusive conclusion on the harm of genetically modified food to the human body, but it is better to be careful.

Gene mutations are 1: random 2: not directed 3: low probability 4: mostly harmful.

Humans cannot prevent genetic mutations.

Reduce UV exposure to X-rays and more.

This is a technique that humans have not yet mastered.

External factors include physical factors: X-rays, lasers, etc., and chemical factors: nitrous acid and base analogues.

Biological factors: viruses and certain bacteria, etc.

Prevention is all about reducing exposure to these substances.

The internal cause is that in the process of DNA replication, the number, order, and type of deoxynucleotides inside the gene are changed locally, thus changing the genetic information. This can't be prevented.

The good side of the use destroys the sail surface.

Mutagenesis breeding] is a useful aspect of genetic mutations by inducing a large and diverse number of genetic mutations in organisms, so that excellent varieties can be selected according to needs.

Pest Control] Treating male pests with mutagens to cause lethal or conditionally lethal mutations, and then releasing these male pests, can cause them to compete with the male insects born in the wild fiber and hail to produce lethal or sterile offspring.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: Why do animals have genetic mutations (in terms of color) that turn white? For example, white lions, white tigers, white rhinoceros, white bears, white snakes, .........Why doesn't it change to a different color?

Analysis: How albinos are produced.

Animals of the same species are generally always identical in external morphology. However, in higher animals, it is occasionally found that there are individuals of different species in the same population, which is an abnormal phenomenon that is obviously different from all other individuals of the same species in terms of body color, feather color or coat color, and this abnormal body color of individuals is generally white, but its internal structure and various organs are no different from other individuals of the same species, and also have the ability to reproduce offspring, we call this kind of white animal in appearance called albino. For example:

Macaques generally have brown back hair, while albino macaques have a pure white coat, which is completely different from normal.

Generally, the iris of albinos is mostly red and photophobic. The beloved white red-eyed marten and white rabbit are also red-eyed, and they were first carefully bred by albino animals. In human beings, there are called "heavenly children", in fact, the same as albino animals, it is also an autosomal recessive albinism, their hair is pale yellow, **white with pink, especially the color of the face is different from normal people, but they are physiologically, in life and intellectual development, almost the same as ordinary people, but their eyes are afraid of light, and their eyesight is also poor.

The reason for the occurrence of albino animals is that a pair of genes on the autosomal part is different. In normal animals, some phenylalanine is involved in the proteins that make up the animal body, and some phenylalanine is converted to.

tyrosinase) 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine melanin. In albino animals, melanin cannot be synthesized due to the lack of tyrosinase. This is the result of the domination of recessive gene (A), for individuals with dominant genes (A), they show normal body color, that is, genes A and A control the synthesis of tyrosinase, in normal people and animals when the genotype is AA or AA, because of tyrosinase, so there is melanin, such as its genotype AA due to the lack of tyrosinase can not form melanin, the result becomes a white individual, that is, what we call albino animals.

For people, it is albinism. From the above situation, the reason is that genes control enzymes, and through enzymes to control the biochemical reaction process, and finally determine the traits of the animal body.

According to Bai Shouchang and others from the Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 1979, a male white macaque was captured in Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province, and after tyrosinase activity examination, it was found that the macaque ** was due to the fact that tyrosinase could not play a normal role, and after examination, the monkey's iris was light gray-blue, and the pupils were red, which was indeed an albino animal. They also confirmed that albinism had no effect on their growth and development, hemograms, and *quality, chromosome 2n=42, all of which were within the normal range.

The results of the crossover test showed that the albinism of this macaque belonged to the monogenic inheritance, which was an autosomal recessive albinism.

Gene is a characteristic unique to an organism, and gene mutation is a mutation that occurs from time to time, which refers to the change in the genes of the organism, which is different from the previous genes, so why do genes mutate? How does a genetic mutation work? I believe that many friends don't know much about it, so let's find out with me.

Genetic mutation is a "contingency", can it be **? Whether it is a spontaneous mutation or an induced mutation, the mutation is random, or what kind of mutation will occur in the gene, and which gene will mutate is unpredictable. Moreover, any genetic mutation can occur at any time in an organism's life, but the time period during which the mutation occurs has a very different effect on the organism.

If there is a mutation in the gene in the zygote, then all cells in the organism from which the zygote develops have the mutation in the gene; If there is a mutation in the gene in a cell, then when the cell dies, the mutation disappears.

What causes genetic mutations? Genetic mutations rarely occur in the normal living environment of organisms, but many rays, such as rays, rays, rays, x-rays, etc., will greatly increase the probability of gene mutations. In addition, many chemicals can increase genetic mutations a hundredfold and can also cause chromosomal aberrations.

For organisms, genetic mutations can do more harm than good. For example, some human diseases: color blindness, hemophilia, etc., are the result of genetic mutations.

However, humans also make use of genetic mutations in other organisms for a certain need. For example, the blister-eyed goldfish is the result of a genetic mutation, and the big blister in the eye is useless for the goldfish, which is definitely a burden, but the blister-eyed goldfish meets people's viewing needs, so this species of goldfish can reproduce in large numbers. For example, short-legged sheep are also the result of genetic mutations, short-legged sheep in the grassland because they can't outrun long-legged sheep, often because they can't eat grass and hungry, but for shepherds, short-legged sheep have a smaller range of activity than long-legged sheep, which is easier to manage, so short-legged sheep are also retained by humans.

Most of the problems you are talking about should be considered from the environmental aspect (the organisms that I just learned these days) The influence of the environment on the phenotype is not only manifested in the radiation mentioned upstairs, but all kinds of environmental factors and even what you don't care about will have a certain impact on your phenotype (that is, the trait) Note that this effect is not necessarily negative Maybe it is a manifestation of adaptation to the environment Of course, if you want to prevent harmful genetic mutations, you need to pay attention to the usual living environment, try to live in a place with less noise, radiation, pollution Good habits must be developed in order to effectively reduce the probability of genetic mutations.

Child, we are the descendants of the dragon, and we have already developed the ability to be invincible to all poisons, and you think too much about genetic mutations.

Avoid exposure to radioactive substances and try not to eat or use genetically modified substances.