How to smelt iron ore and how to refine iron from iron ore

The main methods for extracting iron from iron ore are blast furnace method, direct reduction method, melt reduction method and plasma method. Among them, blast furnace ironmaking is to send iron ore and coke, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other fuels and fluxes to the blast furnace for smelting in batches by the furnace top charging device according to the specified batching ratio, and remove impurities to obtain metallic iron (pig iron).

How iron ore is refined into iron

The melt reduction method is a method of reducing iron ore in a high-temperature molten state without using a blast furnace, and its product is liquid molten iron with a composition similar to that of blast furnace molten iron.

Ironmaking is the process of refining metallic iron from iron-bearing minerals. From a metallurgical point of view, ironmaking is the reverse of iron rusting and gradual mineralization, that is, the reduction of pure iron from iron-containing compounds.

In actual production, pure iron does not exist, and what is obtained is an iron-carbon alloy.

Iron ore is mainly used to produce iron, and iron ore is one of the important products used to refine steel. Steel is the most commonly used metal in the world by tonnage and use. It is used in automobiles, airplanes, construction beams, and thousands of other items.

There are mainly high-end machinery, elevators, precision equipment, arms exports, shipbuilding, aircraft, railway locomotives, automobiles, aerospace instruments, production machinery, special steel and other large steel users.

Iron ore is a rock or mineral that is used to refine metallic iron. Iron ore or magnetite with a high iron content can be fed directly into the blast furnaces of the ironmaking industry.

Natural ore (iron ore) is gradually separated from iron through crushing, grinding, magnetic separation, flotation, gravity separation and other procedures. In view of the characteristics of iron ore and the higher requirements of the iron and steel industry for iron ore concentrate, it has posed new challenges to Chinese mineral concentrators. Therefore, there are deeper development requirements for China's metallurgical mine beneficiation technology, followed by the further improvement of beneficiation equipment.

The beneficiation process should be as efficient and simple as possible, such as the development of energy-saving equipment, and the best results should be achieved with the most suitable process as much as possible. In the concentrator, the equipment investment, production cost, electric energy consumption and steel consumption of crushing and grinding operations often account for the largest proportion, so the calculation and selection of crushing and grinding equipment and the quality of operation and management determine the economic benefits of the concentrator to a large extent.

Distribution of iron ore.

The world's iron ore resources are concentrated in Australia, Brazil, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, India, the United States, Canada, South Africa and other countries. As the world's largest iron ore demander, China's own iron ore reserves are not small, but unfortunately the grade is relatively low, from the perspective of industrial economy, it is better to import from Australia, Brazil and other countries rich in iron ore.

The iron ore that can be directly put into the steelmaking furnace for steelmaking was formerly called "open-hearth bonanza", and the iron ore that can be directly used for ironmaking was formerly called "blast furnace bonanza", both with the word "rich". These bonanzas are preferably magnetite and hematite, both of which contain more than 70% iron.

The process of refining metallic iron from iron-containing minerals (mainly iron oxides) mainly includes blast furnace method, direct reduction method, melt reduction method, and plasma method. From a metallurgical point of view, ironmaking is the reverse of iron rusting and gradual mineralization, simply put, the reduction of pure iron from iron-containing compounds. In actual production, pure iron does not exist, and what is obtained is an iron-carbon alloy.

Blast furnace ironmaking refers to the iron ore and coke, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other fuels and fluxes (theoretically speaking, the metal activity is stronger than iron and ore can be mixed with high temperature can also be smelted iron) into the blast furnace for smelting, remove impurities and obtain metallic iron (pig iron).

It is generally reduced with carbon monoxide. Coal is burned to produce carbon dioxide, which reacts with carbon to produce carbon monoxide, which reduces iron.

Yes. Iron ore is an important raw material for iron and steel production enterprises, and natural ore (iron ore) is gradually selected through crushing, grinding, magnetic separation, flotation, gravity separation and other procedures.

Iron ore is an aggregate of minerals containing iron elements or iron compounds that can be economically utilized.

The iron oxide in hematite reacts with carbon monoxide at high temperatures to form iron (and carbon dioxide).

Common iron ores are magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3), limonite (siderite (FeCO3);

Iron belongs to the pre-hydrogen metal, easy to oxygen reaction, therefore, the natural production of iron-containing minerals are iron oxides or iron salts, Fe is +2 or +3 valence, ironmaking is actually at high temperature with coke (C) to reduce iron to 0 valence Fe elemental process, of course, in order to remove iron ore in silicon, aluminum and other impurities, but also need to be equipped with some limestone (CaCO3) and other slag with a specific gravity less than iron (floating on liquid iron), molten iron is then refined by steelmaking, casting or calendering, it can be made into iron plates, wire rod and other goods;

There are many kinds of smelting methods, to choose according to the different ores, but basically can be classified as reduction method, if it is hematite, its main component is Fe2O3, after the ore is sorted, it enters the smelting furnace, reduces it into crude iron through coke, and then refined, if it is pyrite (mainly Fes), then it must be calcined first, so that it is converted into Fe2O3, and then smelted by reduction method. In short, there are various smelting methods depending on the ore, but the basic principle is to reduce Fe2O3 with carbon.

Iron is a pre-hydrogen metal that is easy to react with oxygen, so the naturally produced iron-containing minerals are iron oxides or iron salts, such as magnetite (Fe3O4), hematite (Fe2O3), limonite (siderite (FeCO3);

Because Fe in the ore is +2 or +3 valence, ironmaking is actually a process of reducing iron to 0 valence Fe element with coke (C) at high temperatures, of course, in order to remove impurities such as silicon and aluminum in iron ore, it is also necessary to prepare some limestone (CaCO3) to form slag with a specific gravity less than iron (floating on liquid iron), and the molten iron can be refined by steelmaking, casting or calendering, which can be made into iron plates, wire rods and other commodities;

Iron ore is obtained by smelting at high temperatures with coke.

1. The principle of ironmaking (how to make iron from iron ore) The iron oxides in iron ore are reduced to metallic iron with a reducing agent. Iron oxides (Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO) + reducing agents (C, Co, H2) Iron (Fe).

Second, the method of ironmaking.

1) Direct reduction method (non-blast furnace ironmaking method).

2) Blast furnace ironmaking method (main method).

3. Raw materials and their functions for blast furnace ironmaking.

1) Iron ore: (sinter, pellet) provides iron element.

It takes about tons of ore to smelt one ton of iron.

2) Coke:

It takes about 500kg of coke to smelt one ton of iron.

provide heat; Provision of reducing agents; The skeleton of the column.

3) Flux: (limestone, dolomite, fluorite).

melt the slag into a liquid; Removal of the harmful element sulfur (s).

4) Air: provides oxygen for coke combustion.

To put it simply, the iron oxide in iron ore reacts with carbon monoxide at high temperature to form iron.