How to make nitric acid from ammonia?

A mixture of ammonia and air (oxygen:nitrogen 2:1) is passed into a hot (760 840) platinum rhodium alloy mesh, which is catalyzed by the oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide (NO).

The resulting nitric oxide uses the residual oxygen from the reaction to continue oxidizing to nitrogen dioxide, which is then introduced into water to produce nitric acid. (PS: Raw nitrogen dioxide is obtained by ammonia oxidation, so the nitric acid industry is inseparable from the ammonia industry.)

The preparation of dilute nitric acid, concentrated nitric acid, and fuming nitric acid is different in process.

Ammonia oxide gas produces NO, and then NO synthesizes NO2, and NO2 reacts with water to obtain HNO3.

4NH3 5O2 High temperature, high pressure, catalyst 4NO 6H2O2NO O2 2NO2

3no2＋h2o＝3hno3＋no

The production of nitric acid from ammonia is divided into three steps:

1. Ammonia reacts with oxygen in the presence of platinum catalyst to generate nitric oxide, 4NH3 5O2 4NO 6H2O.

Write catalyst above the equal sign and heat symbol below ).

2. Nitric oxide is combined with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide, 2NO2 2NO2. (No other symbols need to be written on the equal sign).

3. Nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water to generate nitric acid and nitric oxide, 3NO2 H2O 2HNO3 NO.

When ammonia is mixed with air, it is oxidized to nitric oxide through a platinum-rhodium alloy mesh (catalyst). Nitric oxide is further converted to nitrogen dioxide, which reacts with water to become nitric acid.

4NH3 + 5O2 == 4NO + 6H2O, (condition is high temperature and pressure, catalyst, reversible symbol).

And then. 2no + o2 == 2no2

3no2 + h20 == 2hno3 + no

Nitric acid is prepared by ammonia gas, and ammonia is dissolved in water to form ammonia (that is, ammonia monohydrate) and dilute nitric acid to form ammonium nitrate. The formula is as follows:

4NH3 + 5O2 = 4NO+6H2O (condition: catalyst, heating) 2NO+O2=2NO2

3no2+h2o=2hno3+2no

The total equation is: NH3+2O2=Hno3+H2ONh3+H2O=NH3·H2O

NH3·H2O+HNO3=NH4NO3+H2O Nitric acid is a strong acid, which is a colorless liquid at room temperature. It is volatile, soluble in water, and has strong oxidizing and corrosive properties. Unstable and easily decomposes into water, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen.

However, nitric acid is still nitric acid when it volatilizes, and it is easy to decompose does not mean that what is volatilized is the product of decomposition!

Ammonia is first oxidized to nitrogen dioxide to produce nitric acid, and then reacted with ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate. In addition, ammonium nitrate is an explosive product, and you need to have the corresponding production qualifications.

Steps. 1. Use ammonia to make nitric oxide.

4NH3+5O2==4NO+6H2O (Catalyst, heating) on the equal sign

Steps. 2. Use nitric oxide to make nitrogen dioxide.

2no+o2==2no2

Steps. 3. Nitrogen dioxide is used to produce nitric acid.

3no2+h2o==2hno3+no

or 4NO2+O2+2H2O==4HNO3

Step 4: Sun Nian, use the remaining ammonia gas and nitric acid to react to make ammonium nitrate.

nh3+hno3==nh4no3

Ammonium nitrate physicochemical properties.

Pure ammonium nitrate is a colorless and odorless transparent crystal or a small white particle crystal, which reacts with alkali to produce ammonia gas and absorb the amount of heat. It is deliquescent and easy to agglomerate. Soluble in water and heat absorption, soluble in acetone, ammonia, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ether.

Thermal decomposition: Ammonium nitrate is decomposed at different temperatures, and the decomposition products are also different.

At 110 °C: NH4NO3 NH3+HNO3

At 185 200 °C: NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O

When above 230 °C, there is low light at the same time: 2NH4NO3 2N2+O2+4H2O

When above 400 °C, vigorous decomposition occurs**: 4NH4NO3 3NH2+2NO2+8H2O

Pure ammonium nitrate is stable at room temperature and is not sensitive to blows, collisions, or friction. However, ammonium nitrate can not be detonated when the water content is more than 3%, but it will still decompose at a certain temperature, and the safety regulations must be strictly observed in the production, storage, transportation and use of Gaokai.

Nitric acid and ammonia react to form a null group:

nh3+hno3→nh4no3

Nitric acid is an aqueous solution, so there should be water involved in the chemical reaction in this chemical equation, but the amount of water it produces is the same as the amount of water used in the reaction.

1. Generate NH4NO3.

2. In general, nitric acid is an acid, and ammonia is alkaline after being dissolved in water to form ammonia. Acids react with alkalis to form salts. The second is the stability of ammonium nitrate.

Because the -3 valence nitrogen atom and the +5 valence nitrogen atom are relatively far apart in the atomic space structure of the ammonium nitrate molecule, the ammonium nitrate is stable in the general state.

3. When the distance between the -3 valence nitrogen atom and the +5 valence nitrogen atom in the atomic space structure of the ammonium nitrate molecule changes (the distance becomes closer), the two will have a fierce electron competition due to the difference in their valence states (it is the +5 valence nitrogen atom that wins the electrons of the -3 valence nitrogen atom).Due to different external influences, the degree of change in the distance between -3 valence nitrogen atom and +5 valence nitrogen atom in the atomic space structure of ammonium nitrate molecule is also different, resulting in the diversification of products.

4NH3 + 5O2 == 4NO + 6H2O, (condition is high temperature and pressure, catalyst, reversible symbol).

2no + o2 ==2no2

3no2 + h20 ==2hno3 + no