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The four books refer to the Analects, Mencius, the University, and the Mean; Zhu Xi, a famous physicist in the Southern Song Dynasty, collectively referred to the "Four Books and Five Classics" as the "Four Books and Five Classics".

The Four Books are the basic textbooks for Confucian preaching and teaching. For hundreds of years, the "Four Books" have been widely circulated in China, and many of these sentences have become popular aphorisms and aphorisms. The "Four Books" refer to the four books of Analects, Mencius, The Mean, and the University.

Among them, the Analects and Mencius are collections of speeches by Confucius, Mencius and their students, respectively, while the University and the Mean are two of the books in the Book of Rites. The first time they were compiled together was Zhu Xi, a famous scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty. However, before Zhu Xi, the brothers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi had already vigorously advocated these books.

They believe that the "University" is the main book of Confucius's lecture on "the door to virtue for beginners", and it has been compiled into a document by Confucius's students; "The Mean" is a book of "Confucius teaches the mind", and it is the grandson of Confucius, who thinks "the book of the son of the pen, to teach Mencius". Together with the Analects and Mencius, these two books express the basic ideological system of Confucianism and are the most important documents for the study and management of Confucianism. It was from this point of view that Zhu Xi compiled the four books "Analects", "Mencius", "University", and "The Mean" together.

Because they are derived from the four representative figures of early Confucianism, Confucius, Zeng Shen, Zisi, and Mencius, they are called the "Four Books", or simply the "Four Books". Zhu Xi made annotations on these four books, among which the commentaries on the "Daxue" and "Zhongyong" are called "chapters and sentences," and the commentaries on the Analects and Mencius are called "collected commentaries" because they quote a lot of other people's sayings. It is worth noting that the order of the Four Books compiled by Zhu Xi was originally "The University", "The Analects", "Mencius", and "The Mean", which were arranged in the order of advanced study.

Because of the short length of "University" and "The Mean", for the convenience of engraving and publication, later generations mentioned "The Mean" before the "Analects", which became the order of "University", "The Mean", "The Analects" and "Mencius". Because Zhu Xi's annotated "Four Books" not only integrates the doctrines of his predecessors, but also has his own unique opinions, it is suitable for the world; And because of the rising status of "Cheng Zhu Lixue" represented by Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi brothers and Zhu Xi, after Zhu Xi's death, the imperial court approved the "Four Books" annotated by him as an official book, which became popular since then, and resumed the imperial examination during the Yanyou period of the Yuan Dynasty (1314-1320), and officially limited the scope of questions to Zhu Zhu's "Four Books", and the Ming and Qing dynasties followed and derived the "Eight Strands" examination system, and the topics were also in Zhu's "Four Books". As a result of these factors, the "Four Books" has not only become an important classic of Confucianism, but has also become a must-read reading for every reader, and has become a unified standard primary school textbook for the whole country until modern times.

Therefore, some people compare the Four Books with the Western Bible and consider it to be the "Bible" of the East. In fact, whether in terms of its wide circulation or its profound impact on the psychological casting of Chinese personality, this comparison is not exaggerated at all.

University of the Mean Analects Mencius.

The four books are the general names of the four works, namely "The University", "The Mean", "The Analects" and "Mencius".

The Analects, Mencius, The University, The Mean

The four books refer to the Analects, Mencius, the University, and the Mean;

What are the Four Books and the Five Classics? Star Awareness Project

The four books in the Four Books and Five Classics are: "Analects", "University", "The Mean", and "Mencius".

The Four Books and Five Classics refer to the Four Books and the Five Classics, which are classic books of Chinese Confucianism. The Four Books are also called the Four Books, which refer to the Analects, Mencius, the University, and the Mean. The Five Classics refer to the Book of Songs, the Book of Songs, the Book of Rites, the Book of Changes, and the Spring and Autumn Period.

At the end of the war, the original "Six Classics" were "Poems", "Books", "Rites", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn". Among them, the "Book of Music" has been lost, so it is usually called the "Five Classics".

1. The Analects

Confucius founded the school of Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius, written around the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, records the words and deeds of Confucius and his students, and was recorded and sorted out by later Confucius's students and his successors. Confucius was born in the state of Lu, a vassal state surnamed Ji of the Zhou Dynasty, which was the most complete state that preserved the Zhou rites in the Spring and Autumn Period.

2. Mencius

Mencius is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius and his students. Mencius was a native of Zou (now Zoucheng, Shandong Province) during the Warring States Period, inherited the teachings of Confucius, and was honored as Yasheng, and together with Confucius, he was called "Confucius and Mencius".

3. "University".

According to Zhu Xi's "University Chapters and Sentences", "University" was originally the forty-second chapter of the "Book of Rites", which was written from the end of the Warring States period to the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. According to Zhu Xi's view, "University" is a suicide note left by Confucius and his disciples, and it is an introductory book to Confucianism. The Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty put forward the theory of three programs and eight articles of the "University".

Fourth, "The Mean".

"The Mean" was originally the thirty-first article of "Little Dai Li Ji", written by Kong Ling. The book "The Mean", with a total of more than 3,500 words, is divided into 33 chapters and four major parts according to Zhu Xi's division. Scholars of the Song Dynasty highly regarded the "Zhongyong" and extracted it from the "Book of Rites" to write an independent book.

Zheng Xuan's "Rites and Justice" is mediocre and often also. It is common to use it, and the Tao is also judged by hand.

The literal interpretation of "The Mean" is the middle way and common sense. According to Zhu Xi's note, it means impartiality and no fault. Vulgar, usual.

The four books refer to the "University", "The Mean", "The Analects", and "Mencius".

The University was originally part of the Book of Rites, and it was never published separately before the Southern Song Dynasty. According to Zhu Xi and Cheng Yi, another prominent scholar of the Song Dynasty, the Daxue is a suicide note left by Confucius and his disciples, and is an introductory reading for Confucianism. Therefore, Zhu Xi listed it as the first of the "Four Books".

"The Mean" from the Tang Dynasty Han Yu and Li Ao to maintain the Taoist system and advocate "The Mean" and "University", to the Northern Song Dynasty Ercheng (Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi) praised and preached in every way, and even believed that "The Mean" was the transmission and teaching of Confucius.

The Analects is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his students. The Analects covers many aspects such as philosophy, politics, economics, education, literature and art, and is very rich in content, and is the most important classic of Confucianism.

Mencius is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius and his students. By the time of filial piety in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi compiled the "Four Books" and included "Mencius", officially raising "Mencius" to a very high status. After the Yuan and Ming dynasties, it became the content of the imperial examination, and it was a must-read for scholars.

The four books of the Four Books and the Five Classics refer to the hail bucket as follows: The Four Books and the Five Classics refer to the combined name of the "Four Books" and the "Five Classics". The name of the Four Books began in the Song Dynasty, and the name of the Five Classics began in Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

The Four Books and Five Classics occupy a very important position in many literary works of traditional Chinese culture, and are the core scriptures studied by Confucian students throughout the ages. The Four Books and the Five Classics record in detail the political, military, diplomatic, cultural and other historical facts in the history of early Chinese ideological and cultural development, as well as the important ideas of Confucius and Mencius and other thinkers.

The four books refer to the University, the Mean, the Analects, and Mencius. The Five Classics refer to the Book of Songs, the Book of Songs, the Book of Rites, the Book of Changes, and the Spring and Autumn Period. Because the text of "Spring and Autumn" is too brief, it is usually published together with "Zuo Chuan", "Ram Chuanhuiyou" and "Gu Liang Chuan", which explain "Spring and Autumn".

In July 2008, Tsinghua University entered a collection of a number of Warring States bamboo slips, identified by experts, its content is all ancient books, which have many scriptures, history and other documents, the release of Tsinghua Jane, "Fu Shuo's life" three articles attracted attention, its content and the Eastern Jin Dynasty appeared in the pseudo-ancient text "Shangshu" of the "life" chapter is completely different, once again proved that the pseudo-ancient text "Shangshu" is a forgery of later generations. In addition, the "Zhou Li" was actually written between the two Han Dynasty.

Zhu Xi made annotations on these four books, among them, the commentaries on Yuanbima in the "University" and "The Mean" are called "chapters and sentences", and the commentaries on the Analects and Mencius are called "collection notes" because they quote many other people's sayings. It is worth noting that the order of the Four Books compiled by Zhu Xi was originally "The University", "The Analects", "Mencius", and "The Mean", which were arranged in the order of advanced study.

The Four Books and Five Classics, which are the combined names of the "Four Books" and the "Five Classics", occupy a very important position in many literary works of traditional Chinese culture. The Four Books and Five Classics record in detail the historical facts, facts, information, and important ideas of Confucius and Mencius in the political, military, diplomatic, and cultural aspects of the early history of China's ideological and cultural development.

The four books refer to the four works of "The University", "The Mean", "The Analects", and "Mencius". Because they are derived from the four representative figures of early Confucianism, Confucius, Mencius, Zeng Shen, and Zisi, Zhu Xi compiled these four books together, so they are called.

Four Books", abbreviated as "Four Books".

After Zhu Xi's death, the imperial court approved the "Four Books" compiled by him as an official book, and it became popular ever since. The Four Books are not only Confucian classics, but also have been included in primary school textbooks in modern times.

The four books of the Four Books and the Five Classics refer to the University, the Analects, Mencius, and the Mean.

The Four Books and Five Classics is the combined name of the Four Books and the Five Classics, which are the nine classic works of Confucianism. The "Four Books and Five Classics" have achieved the status of "classics" for a considerable period of time. The "Four Books" include the two articles of "University" and "Zhongyong" and "Analects" and "Mencius" in the "Book of Rites", and Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty annotated these four books and compiled them into "Annotations on the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books", thus establishing the name of "Four Books".

The Five Classics include "Poems", "Books", "Rites", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn", and their names were established in the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the "Five Classics" were established in the Xue Palace, and achieved the highest status of ruling thought and scholarship. The Four Books and Five Classics record the historical data of ancient Chinese rules and cultural relics, and expound the philosophical, political, ethical, cultural and educational ideas of Confucianism.

Historical Influences:

In ancient China, there were "four books and five classics", which were almost similar to the Bible in the basic religion and the Qur'an in Islam. It is used as a proposition book and textbook for the selection of talents in the imperial examination. If today's students don't know what the "Four Books and Five Classics" are, I am afraid it will be an embarrassing thing.

As long as we talk about traditional Chinese culture, we must mention the "Four Books and Five Classics". The "Four Books and Five Classics" is an important part of traditional Chinese culture, the core carrier of Confucianism, and a treasure book in ancient books of Chinese history and culture.

The Confucian classics "Four Books and Five Classics" contain extremely extensive and profound contents, and it has a very high status in the history of world culture and thought. The "Four Books and Five Classics" record in detail the political, military, diplomatic, cultural and other historical facts of the most active period in the history of the ideological and cultural development of the Chinese nation, as well as the important philosophical ideas of Confucius and Mencius that have influenced Chinese culture for thousands of years. In the past dynasties, Kexing selected scholars, and the proposition of the test paper must come from the "Four Books and Five Classics", which shows its importance to the way of serving officials and politics, or the way of dealing with the world.